高温熔体界面状态的X射线数字图像检测技术
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摘要
工业射线实时成像检测技术是射线无损检测的新技术和发展方向。本文的目的是为冶金行业中的高温熔体表面与界面性质测定的研究工作研制一套实用的X射线实时成像检测系统。
首先介绍了课题的意义、要求及国内外的研究现状。研究总结了 X 射线的性质;射线成像的基础理论;成像工艺的选择方法。
然后针对课题的要求,结合前人做的研究工作,设计一套基于高分辨率闪烁晶体转换屏和科学级 CCD 相机的高温熔体数字成像系统;分析了成像系统中影响成像质量的因素,并提出了相应的校正方法;编制了与本成像系统相配套控制软件;结合课题的需要,对部分图像处理的方法作了研究,例如图像降噪、边缘提取、曲线拟合等;由于这些图像处理对高温熔体表面与界面性质测定工作密切相关,因此在控制软件中实现了这些图像处理的功能;也由于课题的需要,还在控制软件增加了高温熔体界面接触角度的实时测量显示功能和数据库管理功能等。
实验证明,本文开发的高温熔体 X 射线数字成像实时检测系统达到了课题的要求。
The industry ray real-time imagery examination technology is the new technology andthe development direction of Nondestructive Testing. The goal of the article is to develop aset of practical X-ray real-time imagery examination system for the research work of thetesting of high temperature melts surface and the contact surface in metallurgy profession .
Firstly, the significance, the request and the present research situation of domestic andforeign are introduced. Then the character of X-ray, the basic theory of ray imagery, thechoices and methods of imagery craft are researched and summarized.
Then to meet the request of the task, the author designs a set of high temperature meltsnumeral imagery system which is based on the high resolution scintillation crystaltransformation screen and the scientific CCD camera, uniting the research work which thepredecessor does;then analyzes the factor which affect the imagery quality in the imagerysystem and proposes the corresponding adjustment method;and works out a complete set ofcontrol software with this imagery system;partly researches the image processing methodwith the request of the task, for example the image noise reduction, the edge pick-up, thecurve fitting and so on. As these image processes have close correlation with the testing ofhigh temperature melts surface and the contact surface, the image processing functions arerealized in control software;Also as a result of the need of the task, there has increased thereal-time measurement demonstration function and the data bank administration function ofthe contact angle of the high temperature melts body surface and so on.
It is proved that the high temperature melts X-ray numeral imagery real-timeexamination system introduced in this article meets the requirements of the task.
首先介绍了课题的意义、要求及国内外的研究现状。研究总结了 X 射线的性质;射线成像的基础理论;成像工艺的选择方法。
然后针对课题的要求,结合前人做的研究工作,设计一套基于高分辨率闪烁晶体转换屏和科学级 CCD 相机的高温熔体数字成像系统;分析了成像系统中影响成像质量的因素,并提出了相应的校正方法;编制了与本成像系统相配套控制软件;结合课题的需要,对部分图像处理的方法作了研究,例如图像降噪、边缘提取、曲线拟合等;由于这些图像处理对高温熔体表面与界面性质测定工作密切相关,因此在控制软件中实现了这些图像处理的功能;也由于课题的需要,还在控制软件增加了高温熔体界面接触角度的实时测量显示功能和数据库管理功能等。
实验证明,本文开发的高温熔体 X 射线数字成像实时检测系统达到了课题的要求。
The industry ray real-time imagery examination technology is the new technology andthe development direction of Nondestructive Testing. The goal of the article is to develop aset of practical X-ray real-time imagery examination system for the research work of thetesting of high temperature melts surface and the contact surface in metallurgy profession .
Firstly, the significance, the request and the present research situation of domestic andforeign are introduced. Then the character of X-ray, the basic theory of ray imagery, thechoices and methods of imagery craft are researched and summarized.
Then to meet the request of the task, the author designs a set of high temperature meltsnumeral imagery system which is based on the high resolution scintillation crystaltransformation screen and the scientific CCD camera, uniting the research work which thepredecessor does;then analyzes the factor which affect the imagery quality in the imagerysystem and proposes the corresponding adjustment method;and works out a complete set ofcontrol software with this imagery system;partly researches the image processing methodwith the request of the task, for example the image noise reduction, the edge pick-up, thecurve fitting and so on. As these image processes have close correlation with the testing ofhigh temperature melts surface and the contact surface, the image processing functions arerealized in control software;Also as a result of the need of the task, there has increased thereal-time measurement demonstration function and the data bank administration function ofthe contact angle of the high temperature melts body surface and so on.
It is proved that the high temperature melts X-ray numeral imagery real-timeexamination system introduced in this article meets the requirements of the task.
引文
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[20] Birks J.B., The Theory and Practice of Scintillation Counting, Oxford: Pergammon Press, 1964
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[23] 王以铭, 电荷耦合器件原理与应用,北京:科学出版社,1987
[24] 伍丁红. 增强并行口 EPP 协议及高速并行口 A/D 转换器的设计.电子技术应用,1998.2:47～49.
[25] 程耀瑜 张丕壮.用 ISD017AP 型 CCD 研制高性能慢扫描相机.光电子技术与信息,2002,15(2),26-30
[26]Nagarkar, V.V. CCD-based high resolution digital radiography system for nondestructive evaluation. IEEE Trans.Nucl.Sci. 1998, 44(3):885-889.
[27] Gonzalez R.C., Wintz P., Digital Image Processing, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company Inc., 1977
[28] Peters T.M., Spatial filtering to improve transverse tomography, IEEE Trans Bio Med. Eng. BME., 21(3):214-219, 1974
[29] 谢可夫,等.图像降噪组合滤波优化算法[J].计算机工程与应用,2003,26:85～88.
[30] Da Silva R R Images Processing Radiographic and Analysis of Defects in Weld Bead, Master's Degree, PEMM/COPPE/UFRJ, April, 1999
[31] 中华人民共和国国家标准,线型象质计,GB5618—90,1990
[32] 阎平凡。非均质扩散——早期视觉处理的一种有效方法[J],模式识别与人工智能。1995,8(1):31-37
[33] Perona P, Malik J. Scale-Space and Edge Detection Using Anisotropic Diffusion[J].IEEE Transactions on. 1990,12(7): 629-639.
[34] 赵荣椿,赵忠明。数字图像处理导论[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社,2000
[35] 吴翊,李永乐,胡庆军1 应用数理统计[M].北京:国防科技大学出版社,1995.
[36] 云舟工作室编著。数学建模基础教程[M].人民邮电出版社,2001
[37] 王听讲,李铭杰.VisualC++数据库与网络开发[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000.
[38] (加)Gulutzan,P.,Pelzer,T.著,齐舒创作室译.SQL-3 参考大全[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000.
[39] (美)Davidj.Kruglinski.VisualC++技术内幕(第二版)[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1996.
[40] 王耀南,李树涛,毛建旭 计算机图像处理与识别技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2001.
[41] 何 斌,马天予,王运坚,等 VisualC++数字图像处理(第 2 版)[M] 北京:人民邮电出版社,2002.
[42] 胡 鶠,侯卓,程耀瑜等.射线数字成像检测仪的光电系统设计.光电工程[J],2004,31(2):48-50
[43] NAGARKAR, V.V. CCD-based high resolution digital radiography system for nondestructive evaluation. IEEE Trans.Nucl.Sci[J], 1998, 44(3):885-889.
[44] 张丕壮.数字射线成像中射线对面阵 CCD 图像传感器影响的研究.华北工学院测试技术学报[J],2001,15(3):196-199
[45] 程耀瑜等. 基于 EPP 工作方式下的 CCD 图像数据快速采集[J],数据采集与处理.2002,17(2):200-203.
[2] 于军胜, 唐季安. 化学通报, 1997, 60 (11) : 11～ 15.
[3] 王常珍. 冶金物理化学研究方法(修订版).北京:冶金工业出版社.1992,300 365～367
[4] 江 龙. 胶体化学概论. 北京: 科学出版社, 2002. 23～ 25.
[5] M Przyborowski, T Hibiya, M Eguchietal. Cryst. Growth, 1995, 151: 60～ 65.
[6] 顾惕人, 朱步瑶, 李外郎等. 表面化学. 第二版, 北京: 科学出版社, 1999. 20～ 33.
[7] 吴世法.近代成象技术与图象处理. 第 1 版.北京:国防工业出版社,1997
[8] 王常珍. 冶金物理化学研究方法. 第三版, 北京: 冶金工业出版社, 2002. 278～ 309.
[9] 曾祥照. X射线实时成像检测技术现场测评方法. 无损探伤. 2000(5):27-32.
[10] J.M. Casagrande, A. Koch, B. Munier. High Resolution Digital Flat-Panel X-Ray Detector- Performance and NDT Applications. 2000:Roma 2000 15th WCNDT(网络版)
[11] Yasushi IKEDA, Radiography Testing with Flat Panel Type Image Detector. 2000:Roma 2000 15th WCNDT(网络版)
[12] Dr. Gregory A. Mohr, Dr. Clifford Bueno. GE a-Si Flat Panel Detector Performance in Industrial Digital Radiography. NDT.net - December 2002, Vol. 7 No.12
[13] Bernard Munier, J-M Casagrande, A. Koch. High Resolution Digital Flat Panel Detector For Ndt. NDT.net - December 2002, Vol. 7 No.12
[14] 李家伟,陈积懋.无损检测手册. 第 1 版.北京:机械工业出版社,2002
[15] 强天鹏,李衍,顾阎如等.射线检测(试用本).锅炉压力容器无损检测Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级培训教材.1998
[16] 中国机械工程学会无损检测分会编,射线检测,北京:机械工业出版社,1997
[17] 曾祥照.分辨率测试卡的结构及图像分辨率测试方法. 无损探伤. 2001(5):7-9
[18]《美国无损检测手册》译审委员会 译. 《美国无损检测手册》(射线卷). 第 1 版.上海:世界图书出版公司,1992
[19] 安继刚, 电离辐射探测器, 北京:原子能出版社, 1995
[20] Birks J.B., The Theory and Practice of Scintillation Counting, Oxford: Pergammon Press, 1964
[21] 汲长松. 核辐射探测器及其实验技术手册. 第 1 版. 北京:原子能出版社,1990
[22] 蔡文贵等. CCD 技术及应用. 第 1 版. 北京:电子工业出版社, 1992
[23] 王以铭, 电荷耦合器件原理与应用,北京:科学出版社,1987
[24] 伍丁红. 增强并行口 EPP 协议及高速并行口 A/D 转换器的设计.电子技术应用,1998.2:47～49.
[25] 程耀瑜 张丕壮.用 ISD017AP 型 CCD 研制高性能慢扫描相机.光电子技术与信息,2002,15(2),26-30
[26]Nagarkar, V.V. CCD-based high resolution digital radiography system for nondestructive evaluation. IEEE Trans.Nucl.Sci. 1998, 44(3):885-889.
[27] Gonzalez R.C., Wintz P., Digital Image Processing, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company Inc., 1977
[28] Peters T.M., Spatial filtering to improve transverse tomography, IEEE Trans Bio Med. Eng. BME., 21(3):214-219, 1974
[29] 谢可夫,等.图像降噪组合滤波优化算法[J].计算机工程与应用,2003,26:85～88.
[30] Da Silva R R Images Processing Radiographic and Analysis of Defects in Weld Bead, Master's Degree, PEMM/COPPE/UFRJ, April, 1999
[31] 中华人民共和国国家标准,线型象质计,GB5618—90,1990
[32] 阎平凡。非均质扩散——早期视觉处理的一种有效方法[J],模式识别与人工智能。1995,8(1):31-37
[33] Perona P, Malik J. Scale-Space and Edge Detection Using Anisotropic Diffusion[J].IEEE Transactions on. 1990,12(7): 629-639.
[34] 赵荣椿,赵忠明。数字图像处理导论[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社,2000
[35] 吴翊,李永乐,胡庆军1 应用数理统计[M].北京:国防科技大学出版社,1995.
[36] 云舟工作室编著。数学建模基础教程[M].人民邮电出版社,2001
[37] 王听讲,李铭杰.VisualC++数据库与网络开发[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000.
[38] (加)Gulutzan,P.,Pelzer,T.著,齐舒创作室译.SQL-3 参考大全[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000.
[39] (美)Davidj.Kruglinski.VisualC++技术内幕(第二版)[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1996.
[40] 王耀南,李树涛,毛建旭 计算机图像处理与识别技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2001.
[41] 何 斌,马天予,王运坚,等 VisualC++数字图像处理(第 2 版)[M] 北京:人民邮电出版社,2002.
[42] 胡 鶠,侯卓,程耀瑜等.射线数字成像检测仪的光电系统设计.光电工程[J],2004,31(2):48-50
[43] NAGARKAR, V.V. CCD-based high resolution digital radiography system for nondestructive evaluation. IEEE Trans.Nucl.Sci[J], 1998, 44(3):885-889.
[44] 张丕壮.数字射线成像中射线对面阵 CCD 图像传感器影响的研究.华北工学院测试技术学报[J],2001,15(3):196-199
[45] 程耀瑜等. 基于 EPP 工作方式下的 CCD 图像数据快速采集[J],数据采集与处理.2002,17(2):200-203.