基于UML的面向对象的系统分析与设计
摘要
UML是Booch,Rumbaugh和Jacobson三位面向对象研究专家将他们各自的
方法结合起来的一种产物,它吸取了OMT,BOOCH,OOSE等面向对象开发方法的
优点,为面向对象系统的分析、设计、软件自动化工具与环境提供了丰富、可扩
充的表达方式,是一种用于对软件密集型系统进行可视化、详述、构造和文档化
的建模语言。
统一建模语言有诸多优点,它的图形符号为系统分析、开发提供了多种图形
表示,其有机的结合使得分析、构造一致的系统成为可能。但是UML并不是十全
十美的东西,最重要的一点是,它只是一种建模语言而非方法,它没有定义一个
指导过程。本文主要从以下几个方面展开研究:
1. 传统建模方法和面向对象建模方法比较。这一部分论述了传统建模方法和
面向对象建模方法,并介绍了几种主要的面向对象的建模方法,反映面向对象建
模方法的优势。
2. UML内容介绍。这部分简单介绍了UML的相关知识,说明了UML的特点和
用途,并且将UML与其它面向对象建模方法进行比较,最后简介CASE工具。
3. RUP统一软件开发过程。由于UML仅仅是一种建模语言,而不是一种方法,
本身独立于过程,因此在实际开发过程中,必须选用一种过程,而Rational统
一过程是一种特别适应于UML的生命周期方法,它与UML在实际过程中的结合开
发,使得建模变得直观、清晰,降低整个系统开发的风险,适应用户需求的经常
变动,控制整个系统的开发过程,维护系统的完整性等优点。
4. 基于UML的系统分析与设计。这部分通过对订单处理子系统进行分析和设
计,从而提出了一个基于UML的RUP建模过程。
本文的目的是研究统一软件开发过程RUP,通过对UML的深入探讨,在具体
过程中对用例的选取、顺序图和类图的生成等方面有所创新,提出了一种比较适
合中小软件项目的基于UML的RUP建模过程。
将RUP统一软件开发过程与UML相结合,通过对RUP的研究及其应用,突出
了Rational统一过程综合了以前的多种软件开发过程的特点,它全面考虑了软
件开发的技术因素和管理因素,是一种良好的开发模式。UML的概念和表示法与
RUP相结合将形成一种强大的高效的软件系统开发方法和技术。
UML is a kind of result that combine the method of Booch, Rumbaugh and Jacobson who are the OO specialist, and it absorbs the OO development method's strongpoint of OMT, BOOCH, OOSE. It provides abundant and extended expression for OO analysis, design and software automatic tools or circumstance. UML is a modeling language and it can visualize, describe, construct and document the compressional software system.UML (Unified Model Language) has many virtues, for example, its graph symbol offered many types graph expression; its combination make it possible for analyse and construct accordant system. But UML is not beauideal, and most important,it is only a model language , but not method . It doesn't define a process. The text contains the following parts:1. Compare the traditional model method with OO model method. This part discuss the traditional model method and OO model method, and introduce several main OO model method, then show the advantage of OO model method.2. Introduce UML content. This part simply introduce UML knowledge and tell you UML's trait and use. What's more, it compares UML with other OO model method. Finally, introduce CASE tools.3. RUP (Rational Unified Process). We must choose a process in the real develop process because UML is only a model language not a method which is process-independent. Rational Unified process is a life circle method that suit for UML, and when it combine with UML in the real develop process , it will make model process more straight and clear , besides it will lower the system development risk and suit the users' demand.4. The system analyses and design based on UML. This part offers a RUP model process based on UML by analyzing and designing the order management system.The paper's aim is to research the rational unified process , and discuss UML profoundly . Such respects as the formulation to choosing the use case , the order diagram and class diagram ,etc. innovate to some extent in the concrete course. Lastly, it will provide a comparatively suitable RUP model process based on UML for not very large software project.Combining UML and RUP and researching RUP and its application, Rational unified process combined the strength of many software development process, and by considering all round the technique and management factors of software development, it proves a better development model. UML's concept and expression combined with RUP will become a strong and efficient software system development method and technique.
方法结合起来的一种产物,它吸取了OMT,BOOCH,OOSE等面向对象开发方法的
优点,为面向对象系统的分析、设计、软件自动化工具与环境提供了丰富、可扩
充的表达方式,是一种用于对软件密集型系统进行可视化、详述、构造和文档化
的建模语言。
统一建模语言有诸多优点,它的图形符号为系统分析、开发提供了多种图形
表示,其有机的结合使得分析、构造一致的系统成为可能。但是UML并不是十全
十美的东西,最重要的一点是,它只是一种建模语言而非方法,它没有定义一个
指导过程。本文主要从以下几个方面展开研究:
1. 传统建模方法和面向对象建模方法比较。这一部分论述了传统建模方法和
面向对象建模方法,并介绍了几种主要的面向对象的建模方法,反映面向对象建
模方法的优势。
2. UML内容介绍。这部分简单介绍了UML的相关知识,说明了UML的特点和
用途,并且将UML与其它面向对象建模方法进行比较,最后简介CASE工具。
3. RUP统一软件开发过程。由于UML仅仅是一种建模语言,而不是一种方法,
本身独立于过程,因此在实际开发过程中,必须选用一种过程,而Rational统
一过程是一种特别适应于UML的生命周期方法,它与UML在实际过程中的结合开
发,使得建模变得直观、清晰,降低整个系统开发的风险,适应用户需求的经常
变动,控制整个系统的开发过程,维护系统的完整性等优点。
4. 基于UML的系统分析与设计。这部分通过对订单处理子系统进行分析和设
计,从而提出了一个基于UML的RUP建模过程。
本文的目的是研究统一软件开发过程RUP,通过对UML的深入探讨,在具体
过程中对用例的选取、顺序图和类图的生成等方面有所创新,提出了一种比较适
合中小软件项目的基于UML的RUP建模过程。
将RUP统一软件开发过程与UML相结合,通过对RUP的研究及其应用,突出
了Rational统一过程综合了以前的多种软件开发过程的特点,它全面考虑了软
件开发的技术因素和管理因素,是一种良好的开发模式。UML的概念和表示法与
RUP相结合将形成一种强大的高效的软件系统开发方法和技术。
UML is a kind of result that combine the method of Booch, Rumbaugh and Jacobson who are the OO specialist, and it absorbs the OO development method's strongpoint of OMT, BOOCH, OOSE. It provides abundant and extended expression for OO analysis, design and software automatic tools or circumstance. UML is a modeling language and it can visualize, describe, construct and document the compressional software system.UML (Unified Model Language) has many virtues, for example, its graph symbol offered many types graph expression; its combination make it possible for analyse and construct accordant system. But UML is not beauideal, and most important,it is only a model language , but not method . It doesn't define a process. The text contains the following parts:1. Compare the traditional model method with OO model method. This part discuss the traditional model method and OO model method, and introduce several main OO model method, then show the advantage of OO model method.2. Introduce UML content. This part simply introduce UML knowledge and tell you UML's trait and use. What's more, it compares UML with other OO model method. Finally, introduce CASE tools.3. RUP (Rational Unified Process). We must choose a process in the real develop process because UML is only a model language not a method which is process-independent. Rational Unified process is a life circle method that suit for UML, and when it combine with UML in the real develop process , it will make model process more straight and clear , besides it will lower the system development risk and suit the users' demand.4. The system analyses and design based on UML. This part offers a RUP model process based on UML by analyzing and designing the order management system.The paper's aim is to research the rational unified process , and discuss UML profoundly . Such respects as the formulation to choosing the use case , the order diagram and class diagram ,etc. innovate to some extent in the concrete course. Lastly, it will provide a comparatively suitable RUP model process based on UML for not very large software project.Combining UML and RUP and researching RUP and its application, Rational unified process combined the strength of many software development process, and by considering all round the technique and management factors of software development, it proves a better development model. UML's concept and expression combined with RUP will become a strong and efficient software system development method and technique.
引文
[1] 张龙祥.UML与系统分析设计.北京.人民邮电出版社,2001.
[2] 安建伟.基于UML的软件系统建模研究:[硕士学位论文].成都:西南交通大学,1999
[3] 刘芳.UML语言及实际中建模的应用:[硕士学位论文].山东:山东科技大学,2003
[4] 朱红康.UML在统一软件开发过程中的建模方法及应用研究:[硕士学位论文].太原: 太原理工大学,2002
[5] 邹志敏.基于UML和RUP技术的软件系统设计与实现:[硕士学位论文].长沙:中南大 学,2003
[6] 肖浩.基于UML以RUP为过程指导的业务建模:[硕士学位论文].武汉:武汉大学,2004
[7] Evelyn Stiller,Cathie Leblanc著.基于项目的软件工程(贲可荣,张秀山等译).北 京.机械工业出版,2002.
[8] Geri Schneider,Jason P.Winters著.用例分析技术(姚淑珍,李巍等译).北京.机 械工业出版,2002.
[9] 冀振燕.UML系统分析设计与应用案例.北京.人民邮电出版社,2003.
[10] 邱仲潘.UML与Rational Rose 2002从入门到精通.北京.电子工业出版社,2002.
[11] 陈松乔等著.现代软件工程.北京.清华大学出版社,2004.
[12] 候衍龙.基于UML的面向对象建模技术及应用:[硕士学位论文].南京:南京航空航 天大学,2002
[13] Suzanne Robertson.掌握需求过程.北京.人民邮电出版社,2003.
[14] Watts S.Humphrey.软件工程规范.北京.人民邮电出版社,2003.
[15] 俞俊平.UML工具箱.北京.电子工业出版社,2003.
[16] 林锐.软件工程与项目管理解析.北京.电子工业出版社,2003.
[17] Ron Jeffries,Ann Anderson,Chet Hendrickson.极限编程实施(袁国忠译).北京.人 民邮电出版社,2002.
[18] 张卫山、巫家敏、严新民.基于UML的管理信息系统开发.计算机工程,1999. 25(12) : 20～25
[19] Mart in Fowler.为何要UML.UML软件工程组织
[20] 杨丰萍.统一建模语言UML及其支持工具.华东交通大学学报,2000. 12(3) :9～14
[21] 陈禹六.IDEF建模分析和设计方法.北京.清华大学出版社,1999.
[22] 万里威等.统一建模语言UML及其应用.华北航天工业学院学报,2002. 12(4) .10～13
[23] 秦天保.应用UML进行企业信息系统的面向对象建模.交通与计算机,2000. 18(96) : 38～41
[24] 吴建锋,汪毅.UML的供应链订单管理系统分析与设计,华侨大学学报,2003. 24(2) : 1～5
[25] 田学军.电子商务的订单履行.物流论坛,2001. 48-55
[26] Joseph Schmuller. Teach Yourself UML in 24 Hours. Indian Anolis:SAMS publishing house, 2000. 370-375.
[27] Vernadat F B. Enterprise modeling and integration : principles and applications. London. Chapman &Ha11 ,1996.
[28] Scott W. Ambler. The Object Primer 2nd Edition. New York. Cambridge University, 2000
[29] Scott W.Ambler. Building Object Applications That Work: Your Step-By-Step Handbook for Developing Robust Systems with Object Technology. New York. Cambridge University, 1998
[30] Scott W. Ambler. Process Patterns — Building Large-Scale Systems Using Object Technology. New York. Cambridge University, 1998
[31] Grady Booch, James Rumbaugh, Ivar Jacobson. The Unified Modeling. Language User Guide. Addison-Wesley, 1999
[32] Mark Priestley. Practical Object-Oriented Design with UML Bejing:McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc,2000, 1—13
[33] Quantrani, T. Visual Modelinly with Rational Rose and UNIL. Addison Weslev Longman. Inc, 1998, 19—23
[34] A. Cockburn,. Writing Effective Use Cases. Addision Wesly Lon-man. Lnc. 2000,135-152
[35] Rudolph, E., Grabowski, J., and Graubmantt, P. Towards a Harmonization of UML Sequence Diagrams and MSC. SDL'99 — The next Millenium. Elsevier
[36] Jacobson I. Object-Oriented Software Engineering:A Use Case Driven Approach. Addison-Wesly, 1992.
[37] William S Davis. System Analysis and Design:A Structured Approach. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1983
[38] Coad P, Yourdon E. Object-Oriented Design. Prentice-Hall, 1991.
[39] Coad P, Yourdon E. Object-Analysis. Yourdon Press,1990.
[40] Booch G .Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with Application. The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, Inc, 1994.
[41] Rumbaugh J. 0MT:The Object Model. J of OOP, 1995.
[42] McGregor, Sykes D A. Object-Oriented Software Development: Engineering Software for Reuse. Van Nostrand Reinhold,1992.
[2] 安建伟.基于UML的软件系统建模研究:[硕士学位论文].成都:西南交通大学,1999
[3] 刘芳.UML语言及实际中建模的应用:[硕士学位论文].山东:山东科技大学,2003
[4] 朱红康.UML在统一软件开发过程中的建模方法及应用研究:[硕士学位论文].太原: 太原理工大学,2002
[5] 邹志敏.基于UML和RUP技术的软件系统设计与实现:[硕士学位论文].长沙:中南大 学,2003
[6] 肖浩.基于UML以RUP为过程指导的业务建模:[硕士学位论文].武汉:武汉大学,2004
[7] Evelyn Stiller,Cathie Leblanc著.基于项目的软件工程(贲可荣,张秀山等译).北 京.机械工业出版,2002.
[8] Geri Schneider,Jason P.Winters著.用例分析技术(姚淑珍,李巍等译).北京.机 械工业出版,2002.
[9] 冀振燕.UML系统分析设计与应用案例.北京.人民邮电出版社,2003.
[10] 邱仲潘.UML与Rational Rose 2002从入门到精通.北京.电子工业出版社,2002.
[11] 陈松乔等著.现代软件工程.北京.清华大学出版社,2004.
[12] 候衍龙.基于UML的面向对象建模技术及应用:[硕士学位论文].南京:南京航空航 天大学,2002
[13] Suzanne Robertson.掌握需求过程.北京.人民邮电出版社,2003.
[14] Watts S.Humphrey.软件工程规范.北京.人民邮电出版社,2003.
[15] 俞俊平.UML工具箱.北京.电子工业出版社,2003.
[16] 林锐.软件工程与项目管理解析.北京.电子工业出版社,2003.
[17] Ron Jeffries,Ann Anderson,Chet Hendrickson.极限编程实施(袁国忠译).北京.人 民邮电出版社,2002.
[18] 张卫山、巫家敏、严新民.基于UML的管理信息系统开发.计算机工程,1999. 25(12) : 20～25
[19] Mart in Fowler.为何要UML.UML软件工程组织
[20] 杨丰萍.统一建模语言UML及其支持工具.华东交通大学学报,2000. 12(3) :9～14
[21] 陈禹六.IDEF建模分析和设计方法.北京.清华大学出版社,1999.
[22] 万里威等.统一建模语言UML及其应用.华北航天工业学院学报,2002. 12(4) .10～13
[23] 秦天保.应用UML进行企业信息系统的面向对象建模.交通与计算机,2000. 18(96) : 38～41
[24] 吴建锋,汪毅.UML的供应链订单管理系统分析与设计,华侨大学学报,2003. 24(2) : 1～5
[25] 田学军.电子商务的订单履行.物流论坛,2001. 48-55
[26] Joseph Schmuller. Teach Yourself UML in 24 Hours. Indian Anolis:SAMS publishing house, 2000. 370-375.
[27] Vernadat F B. Enterprise modeling and integration : principles and applications. London. Chapman &Ha11 ,1996.
[28] Scott W. Ambler. The Object Primer 2nd Edition. New York. Cambridge University, 2000
[29] Scott W.Ambler. Building Object Applications That Work: Your Step-By-Step Handbook for Developing Robust Systems with Object Technology. New York. Cambridge University, 1998
[30] Scott W. Ambler. Process Patterns — Building Large-Scale Systems Using Object Technology. New York. Cambridge University, 1998
[31] Grady Booch, James Rumbaugh, Ivar Jacobson. The Unified Modeling. Language User Guide. Addison-Wesley, 1999
[32] Mark Priestley. Practical Object-Oriented Design with UML Bejing:McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc,2000, 1—13
[33] Quantrani, T. Visual Modelinly with Rational Rose and UNIL. Addison Weslev Longman. Inc, 1998, 19—23
[34] A. Cockburn,. Writing Effective Use Cases. Addision Wesly Lon-man. Lnc. 2000,135-152
[35] Rudolph, E., Grabowski, J., and Graubmantt, P. Towards a Harmonization of UML Sequence Diagrams and MSC. SDL'99 — The next Millenium. Elsevier
[36] Jacobson I. Object-Oriented Software Engineering:A Use Case Driven Approach. Addison-Wesly, 1992.
[37] William S Davis. System Analysis and Design:A Structured Approach. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1983
[38] Coad P, Yourdon E. Object-Oriented Design. Prentice-Hall, 1991.
[39] Coad P, Yourdon E. Object-Analysis. Yourdon Press,1990.
[40] Booch G .Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with Application. The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, Inc, 1994.
[41] Rumbaugh J. 0MT:The Object Model. J of OOP, 1995.
[42] McGregor, Sykes D A. Object-Oriented Software Development: Engineering Software for Reuse. Van Nostrand Reinhold,1992.