压电陶瓷性能参数综合测试系统研究
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摘要
压电陶瓷材料的参数不仅与其组分有关,而且与制造工艺有关,化学组分的不均匀性、成型过程中机械力的差异、烧结过程中物理和化学的偏差以及极化效果不同等因素都会影响其性能参数。压电陶瓷主要性能参数的确定,对其理论研究和实际应用都有十分重要的意义。随着压电陶瓷材料和器件的日益广泛的应用,压电陶瓷性能参数的测量方法也就显示出了其重要的地位。最早出现的测量压电材料性能的方法是静态法或准静态法,由于在试样上施加静态的应力或电场,难以控制电学边界条件,所以这种方法现在已经基本不用了,而更多的使用动态谐振法来测量。
本文以压电陶瓷材料性能参数测试技术为研究内容,从压电陶瓷材料的测试规范出发,比较详细的论述了压电陶瓷材料参数的测试原理及测试方法,并结合当今的计算机自动测量技术,对压电陶瓷材料的测试方法进行了较深入的研究,根据虚拟仪器的发展趋势,研制了压电陶瓷性能参数综合测试系统。实现了计算机对测试电路的自动控制和对所需数据的采集与处理,能同时测试压电陶瓷谐振频率与反谐振频率、动态电阻、动态电容等参数。
测试系统由信号源、相位比较模块、接口电路和软件四大部分组成。在结构设计中,分模块论述了设计方案。讨论了计算机的并行口的性能特点,及对整个系统进行控制的方案。系统中应用了π型电阻网络零相位法进行测量,提高了测量精度和抗干扰能力。
虚拟仪器的关键是软件。本文以模块化的方法分别介绍了软件的界面模块、信号源控制模块、数据采集与处理模块,同时对数据处理和参数的计算做了探讨。论述了模块化程序的可移植性、重用性及可扩展性。
最后对系统进行了校准,并用HP4192阻抗分析仪对同一样品进行了对比实验。
As we know that piezoelectric ceramics are ferroelectric poly-crystals which are polarized. The parameters of piezoelectric ceramics are determined by the manufacturing process, chemical component, sintering process, and polarization process. The key parameters of the piezoelectric ceramics are important to researching and using in practice. With the piezoelectric ceramic widespread availability, the measuring method is more regarded. Dynamic resonance method is applied widely on measuring the parameters of the piezoelectric ceramics rather than static measurement.
From the point of the piezoelectric ceramics measuring standard, according to the new method of computer aided design and the development trend of virtual instrument, we discuss a new method to measure withπform resistance network zero phase based on Direct Digital Synthesis technology.
Key component of the virtual instrument is software. This dissertation presents discussion and design of system modules, including the instrument panel module, signal resource controlling module, data acquisition and disposal module. We also approach the algorithms for data processing and parameters calculation. The extendibility, transplantation, reusing and function of the module program are studied.
At last, we calibrated this system, and compared the measured data of the same sample with those measured by HP4192 Impedance Analyzer.
本文以压电陶瓷材料性能参数测试技术为研究内容,从压电陶瓷材料的测试规范出发,比较详细的论述了压电陶瓷材料参数的测试原理及测试方法,并结合当今的计算机自动测量技术,对压电陶瓷材料的测试方法进行了较深入的研究,根据虚拟仪器的发展趋势,研制了压电陶瓷性能参数综合测试系统。实现了计算机对测试电路的自动控制和对所需数据的采集与处理,能同时测试压电陶瓷谐振频率与反谐振频率、动态电阻、动态电容等参数。
测试系统由信号源、相位比较模块、接口电路和软件四大部分组成。在结构设计中,分模块论述了设计方案。讨论了计算机的并行口的性能特点,及对整个系统进行控制的方案。系统中应用了π型电阻网络零相位法进行测量,提高了测量精度和抗干扰能力。
虚拟仪器的关键是软件。本文以模块化的方法分别介绍了软件的界面模块、信号源控制模块、数据采集与处理模块,同时对数据处理和参数的计算做了探讨。论述了模块化程序的可移植性、重用性及可扩展性。
最后对系统进行了校准,并用HP4192阻抗分析仪对同一样品进行了对比实验。
As we know that piezoelectric ceramics are ferroelectric poly-crystals which are polarized. The parameters of piezoelectric ceramics are determined by the manufacturing process, chemical component, sintering process, and polarization process. The key parameters of the piezoelectric ceramics are important to researching and using in practice. With the piezoelectric ceramic widespread availability, the measuring method is more regarded. Dynamic resonance method is applied widely on measuring the parameters of the piezoelectric ceramics rather than static measurement.
From the point of the piezoelectric ceramics measuring standard, according to the new method of computer aided design and the development trend of virtual instrument, we discuss a new method to measure withπform resistance network zero phase based on Direct Digital Synthesis technology.
Key component of the virtual instrument is software. This dissertation presents discussion and design of system modules, including the instrument panel module, signal resource controlling module, data acquisition and disposal module. We also approach the algorithms for data processing and parameters calculation. The extendibility, transplantation, reusing and function of the module program are studied.
At last, we calibrated this system, and compared the measured data of the same sample with those measured by HP4192 Impedance Analyzer.
引文
[1] IRE standards on piezoelectric crystals: determination of the elastic, piezoelectric and dielectic constants-the electromechanical coupling factor, 1958. Proc. IRE, Vol. 46, 764-778, April, 1958.
[2] B. Jaffe, W. Rcook Jr and H. Jaffe, Piezoelectric Ceramics, Academic Press, London and New York, 1971.
[3]“IRE standards on piezoelectric crystals: measurements of piezoelectric ceramics, 1961. Proc. IRE, Vol.49, 1162-1169, July, 1961.
[4] W. P. Mason, H. Jaffe, Methods for measuring piezoelectric, elastic ed dielectric coefficients of crystals and ceramics Proc.IRE,42,1954
[5] Direct Digital Synthesizer AD9858 , Analog Devices. http://www.analog.com(访问日期:2005-9-12).
[6]周东祥,潘晓光.电子材料与元器件测试技术.武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1993
[7]张沛霖,张仲渊,压电测量.北京:国防工业出版社,1983
[8] Reinhold Ludwig, Pavel Bretchko. RF Circuit Design. Theory and Applications.北京:电子工业出版社,2002
[9]赵寿根,程伟.压电陶瓷材料电学性能参数测量研究.压电与声光,2005,27(2):200-202
[10]李远,秦自楷,周志刚.压电与铁电材料测量。北京:科学出版社,1984
[11]中华人民共和国国家标准GB2414-81.
[12]中华人民共和国国家标准GB3389.3-82.
[13]中华人民共和国国家标准GB3389.4-82.
[14]中华人民共和国国家标准GB3389.5-82.
[15]陈伟民,管德,压电陶瓷受迫振动分析及应用.北京:北京航空航天大学学报,2001,27(1):66-68
[16] 1 GSPS Direct Digital Synthesizer AD9858, Analog Devices.
[17]唐统一等,交流电桥.北京:机械工业出版社,1991
[18] (日)荒木庸夫著,宋永林,电磁干扰和防止措施.北京:计量出版社, 1985
[19]王庆斌等编著,电磁干扰与电磁兼容技术.北京:机械工业出版社, 1999
[20]袁宇正,锁相与频率合成技术.武汉:武汉测绘科技大学出版社,1992.
[21] R. Ludwing, P. Bretchko. RF Circuit Design Theory and Applications. http://www.analog.com(访问日期:2005-10-28).
[22]魏福立.直接数字合成技术及应用.电子技术应用,1993(5):23-45.
[23]杨乐平,李海涛,虚拟仪器技术概论.北京:电子工业出版社,2003
[24] KLIENEG. Direct digital synthesis—DDS. Elector Electronics, 1992:92-118.
[25] Steve C. Cripps. RF Power Amplifiers for Wireless Communications. Artech House , Inc. 1999.
[26] [印]Dhanan jay. V. Gadre著,并行端口编程.北京:中国电力出版社,1992.22～31.
[27]陈润泰,许琨,检测技术与智能仪表.长沙:中南工业大学出版社,1990.186～205
[28] IEEE:ANSI/IEEE std488.1-1987.IEEE Standard Digital Interface for Programmable Instruments,1987.
[29]王尽秋,线性功率及稳幅电路设计.设计与应用,2005.(4)15～17
[30] J. G. Smith. Measurement of piezoelectric phase angle in a ferroelectric ceramic. IEEE Trans. Sonics Ultrasonics, Vol.SU-19, 123-124,1970.
[31] 0. 8G～2.5GHz Quadrature Modulator AD9858 Datasheet, Analog Device Inc, 2001.
[32]朱达斌,张宝玉,张文俊,模拟集成电路的特性及应用.北京:航空工业出版社,2002
[33]彭依章,工业仪表的干扰源及抑制方法.仪表技术与传感器,No.7,2006.
[34]邹云屏,检测技术及电磁兼容性设计.武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1995.
[35]窦振中. PIC列单片机原理及程序设计.北京:航空航天大学出版社,1998:162-196.
[36]胡汉才,单片机原理及其接口技术.北京:清华大学出版社,1999.
[37]谢自美,电子线路设计、实验、测试.武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1993
[38]钟清华.计算机控制的宽带频率特性测试系统.电子工程师,2004,30(6):13-15.
[39]沈兰荪,数据采集技术.合肥:中国科技大学出版社,1990
[40]吴产乐主编,微机系统与接口技术.武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2002.
[41]胡汉才,单片机原理及其接口技术.北京:清华大学出版社,1999.
[42] IEEE:ANSI/IEEE std488.1-1987.IEEE Standard Digital Interface for Programmable Iinstruments,1987
[43]倪丽娜,赵茂先,张秀娟.Visual C++6.0全攻略宝典.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2001.81～155
[44] [美]David J. K. Visual C++技术内幕(第四版).北京:清华大学出版社,1995
[45] [美]Microsoft著,Microsoft VC++6.0 Template Libraries Reference.北京:北京希望电脑公司,2002
[46]尹彦芝,C语言常用算法与子程序.北京:清华大学出版社,1991.
[47]吴桂军,张建州,尹武龙. VC实现一维信号采集显示和分析.计算机工程与设计.2005,26(7):1715-1717.
[2] B. Jaffe, W. Rcook Jr and H. Jaffe, Piezoelectric Ceramics, Academic Press, London and New York, 1971.
[3]“IRE standards on piezoelectric crystals: measurements of piezoelectric ceramics, 1961. Proc. IRE, Vol.49, 1162-1169, July, 1961.
[4] W. P. Mason, H. Jaffe, Methods for measuring piezoelectric, elastic ed dielectric coefficients of crystals and ceramics Proc.IRE,42,1954
[5] Direct Digital Synthesizer AD9858 , Analog Devices. http://www.analog.com(访问日期:2005-9-12).
[6]周东祥,潘晓光.电子材料与元器件测试技术.武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1993
[7]张沛霖,张仲渊,压电测量.北京:国防工业出版社,1983
[8] Reinhold Ludwig, Pavel Bretchko. RF Circuit Design. Theory and Applications.北京:电子工业出版社,2002
[9]赵寿根,程伟.压电陶瓷材料电学性能参数测量研究.压电与声光,2005,27(2):200-202
[10]李远,秦自楷,周志刚.压电与铁电材料测量。北京:科学出版社,1984
[11]中华人民共和国国家标准GB2414-81.
[12]中华人民共和国国家标准GB3389.3-82.
[13]中华人民共和国国家标准GB3389.4-82.
[14]中华人民共和国国家标准GB3389.5-82.
[15]陈伟民,管德,压电陶瓷受迫振动分析及应用.北京:北京航空航天大学学报,2001,27(1):66-68
[16] 1 GSPS Direct Digital Synthesizer AD9858, Analog Devices.
[17]唐统一等,交流电桥.北京:机械工业出版社,1991
[18] (日)荒木庸夫著,宋永林,电磁干扰和防止措施.北京:计量出版社, 1985
[19]王庆斌等编著,电磁干扰与电磁兼容技术.北京:机械工业出版社, 1999
[20]袁宇正,锁相与频率合成技术.武汉:武汉测绘科技大学出版社,1992.
[21] R. Ludwing, P. Bretchko. RF Circuit Design Theory and Applications. http://www.analog.com(访问日期:2005-10-28).
[22]魏福立.直接数字合成技术及应用.电子技术应用,1993(5):23-45.
[23]杨乐平,李海涛,虚拟仪器技术概论.北京:电子工业出版社,2003
[24] KLIENEG. Direct digital synthesis—DDS. Elector Electronics, 1992:92-118.
[25] Steve C. Cripps. RF Power Amplifiers for Wireless Communications. Artech House , Inc. 1999.
[26] [印]Dhanan jay. V. Gadre著,并行端口编程.北京:中国电力出版社,1992.22～31.
[27]陈润泰,许琨,检测技术与智能仪表.长沙:中南工业大学出版社,1990.186～205
[28] IEEE:ANSI/IEEE std488.1-1987.IEEE Standard Digital Interface for Programmable Instruments,1987.
[29]王尽秋,线性功率及稳幅电路设计.设计与应用,2005.(4)15～17
[30] J. G. Smith. Measurement of piezoelectric phase angle in a ferroelectric ceramic. IEEE Trans. Sonics Ultrasonics, Vol.SU-19, 123-124,1970.
[31] 0. 8G～2.5GHz Quadrature Modulator AD9858 Datasheet, Analog Device Inc, 2001.
[32]朱达斌,张宝玉,张文俊,模拟集成电路的特性及应用.北京:航空工业出版社,2002
[33]彭依章,工业仪表的干扰源及抑制方法.仪表技术与传感器,No.7,2006.
[34]邹云屏,检测技术及电磁兼容性设计.武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1995.
[35]窦振中. PIC列单片机原理及程序设计.北京:航空航天大学出版社,1998:162-196.
[36]胡汉才,单片机原理及其接口技术.北京:清华大学出版社,1999.
[37]谢自美,电子线路设计、实验、测试.武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1993
[38]钟清华.计算机控制的宽带频率特性测试系统.电子工程师,2004,30(6):13-15.
[39]沈兰荪,数据采集技术.合肥:中国科技大学出版社,1990
[40]吴产乐主编,微机系统与接口技术.武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2002.
[41]胡汉才,单片机原理及其接口技术.北京:清华大学出版社,1999.
[42] IEEE:ANSI/IEEE std488.1-1987.IEEE Standard Digital Interface for Programmable Iinstruments,1987
[43]倪丽娜,赵茂先,张秀娟.Visual C++6.0全攻略宝典.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2001.81～155
[44] [美]David J. K. Visual C++技术内幕(第四版).北京:清华大学出版社,1995
[45] [美]Microsoft著,Microsoft VC++6.0 Template Libraries Reference.北京:北京希望电脑公司,2002
[46]尹彦芝,C语言常用算法与子程序.北京:清华大学出版社,1991.
[47]吴桂军,张建州,尹武龙. VC实现一维信号采集显示和分析.计算机工程与设计.2005,26(7):1715-1717.