网架结构节点疲劳试验设计及数据分析
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摘要
随着螺栓球节点和焊接空心球节点网架在悬挂吊车工业厂房中的推广应用,其疲劳性能已成为工程界亟待解决的热点问题。疲劳试验是大家公认最能揭示节点或构件疲劳性能的直接而可靠的方法。但是,由于疲劳试验周期长、耗资大并且其影响因素众多,使得这项工作在国内外发展比较缓慢。
本文以网架结构节点疲劳试验为对象,开展以下研究工作:
1、设计了一套高效、平稳、数据可靠的试验加载装置,通过此装置可以较好的完成全部试件的疲劳试验工作。
2、设计了用于疲劳试验的螺栓球节点及焊接空心球节点试件,并见证了试件加工制作的全过程。试件加工的质量及精度满足试验要求。
3、通过对高强螺栓常幅及变幅试验数据全面、系统的回归分析,得出以下结论:
1)得到了5种不同直径高强螺栓的S—N曲线。
2)得到了高强螺栓的疲劳强度随螺栓直径不同的变化规律。
3)分析了加载顺序对疲劳强度的影响。
4、引入“热点应力幅”,建立了适用于螺栓球节点网架的疲劳计算方法。
5、分析了对疲劳试验数据影响较大的一些不确定因素。
通过本文的研究分析,将会为下一步修订规范、补充条文提供重要依据;同时进一步推动疲劳试验的发展和螺栓球节点网架的广泛应用。
With the popularization and application of grid structure with bolt-sphere joints and welded hollow spherical joints in industrial factory with suspended crane, the fatigue performance becomes the hot problem to be solved for many years in the engineering field. Fatigue test is well-known as the direct and reliable method to reveal the fatigue performance of joints and components. However, fatigue test costs so much time, money and is influenced by so many factors that it develops relatively slowly at home and abroad.
Based on fatigue test of grid structure joints, the paper carrys out the following research work:
1、A highly efficient, stable, reliable test loading device has been designed to complete the fatigue test of all the specimens.
2、The author has designed bolt-sphere joints and welded hollow spherical joints, and witnesses the processing of the specimen production. The quality and accuracy of Specimen processing met requirements of the test.
3、Through a comprehensive and systematic regression analysis on constant amplitude and variable amplitude ,the paper has come to the following conclusions:
1) The S-N curves of five kinds of different diameter high-strength bolts have been obtained.
2) Changing rule of the fatigue strength of high-strength bolts with the changes of different bolt diameter has been finished.
3 ) Analysis on the impact of the loading sequence to fatigue has been done.
4、This paper has introduced the "hot spot stress amplitude",and obtained the method of fatigue design for grid structure with bolt-sphere joints.
5、This paper has analysed some uncertain factors that have the greater impact on the fatigue test data.
Through the study and analysis of this paper, it will offer the important basis for revising the codes and supplementing clauses; Promote the development of the fatigue test and the wide application of the grid structure with bolt-sphere joints at the same time.
本文以网架结构节点疲劳试验为对象,开展以下研究工作:
1、设计了一套高效、平稳、数据可靠的试验加载装置,通过此装置可以较好的完成全部试件的疲劳试验工作。
2、设计了用于疲劳试验的螺栓球节点及焊接空心球节点试件,并见证了试件加工制作的全过程。试件加工的质量及精度满足试验要求。
3、通过对高强螺栓常幅及变幅试验数据全面、系统的回归分析,得出以下结论:
1)得到了5种不同直径高强螺栓的S—N曲线。
2)得到了高强螺栓的疲劳强度随螺栓直径不同的变化规律。
3)分析了加载顺序对疲劳强度的影响。
4、引入“热点应力幅”,建立了适用于螺栓球节点网架的疲劳计算方法。
5、分析了对疲劳试验数据影响较大的一些不确定因素。
通过本文的研究分析,将会为下一步修订规范、补充条文提供重要依据;同时进一步推动疲劳试验的发展和螺栓球节点网架的广泛应用。
With the popularization and application of grid structure with bolt-sphere joints and welded hollow spherical joints in industrial factory with suspended crane, the fatigue performance becomes the hot problem to be solved for many years in the engineering field. Fatigue test is well-known as the direct and reliable method to reveal the fatigue performance of joints and components. However, fatigue test costs so much time, money and is influenced by so many factors that it develops relatively slowly at home and abroad.
Based on fatigue test of grid structure joints, the paper carrys out the following research work:
1、A highly efficient, stable, reliable test loading device has been designed to complete the fatigue test of all the specimens.
2、The author has designed bolt-sphere joints and welded hollow spherical joints, and witnesses the processing of the specimen production. The quality and accuracy of Specimen processing met requirements of the test.
3、Through a comprehensive and systematic regression analysis on constant amplitude and variable amplitude ,the paper has come to the following conclusions:
1) The S-N curves of five kinds of different diameter high-strength bolts have been obtained.
2) Changing rule of the fatigue strength of high-strength bolts with the changes of different bolt diameter has been finished.
3 ) Analysis on the impact of the loading sequence to fatigue has been done.
4、This paper has introduced the "hot spot stress amplitude",and obtained the method of fatigue design for grid structure with bolt-sphere joints.
5、This paper has analysed some uncertain factors that have the greater impact on the fatigue test data.
Through the study and analysis of this paper, it will offer the important basis for revising the codes and supplementing clauses; Promote the development of the fatigue test and the wide application of the grid structure with bolt-sphere joints at the same time.
引文
[1]郦明、奥脱·布克斯鲍姆,哈茨·罗华克编著,《结构抗疲劳设计》,北京,机械工业出版社,1987:34-35
[2][苏]JI.M.什科利尼克著,《疲劳试验方法手册》,北京,机械工业出版社,1983
[3]曾春华编著,《奇妙的疲劳现象》,北京,科学出版社,1986
[4]高镇同主编,《疲劳性能测试》,国防工业出版社,1980
[5]潘家祯,疲劳试验新方法-显微疲劳试验,上海,华东理工大学学报,1995(Vol.21,No.1)
[6]高镇同主编,《疲劳应用统计学》,国防工业出版社,1986
[7]雷宏刚,网架焊接空心球节点静力疲劳性能研究,建筑结构学报,1993(1)
[8]雷宏刚,螺栓球节点网架常幅疲劳试验数据再分析,钢结构,2000:202-205
[9]Honggang Lei etc.The Testing Research on Equal-Amplitude Fatigue Behavior of Large-span Grid Structures.Proceedings of Sixth Pacific Structural Steel Conference.Seismological Press.Beijing,China.2001,9
[10]冯秀娟等,在悬挂吊车作用下螺栓球节点网架的疲劳性能,《建筑结构学报》,1995:(4):3-11
[11]徐国彬等,网架结构疲劳及其疲劳寿命计算,《建筑结构报》,1994:(8):25-33
[12]徐灏,《疲劳强度设计》,机械工业出版社,1981.12
[13]徐灏,疲劳强度的发展及任务,《理化检验-物理分册》,1994(Vol.30,N0.5)
[14]赵少汴,单轴载荷下的无限寿命疲劳设计方法与设计数据,《机械设计》1999,9
[15]邹浩,空间网架结构在冶金工业建筑中应用的评述,《第六届空间结构学术会议论文集》,地震出版社,1992
[16]刘莉莉,张德豫,螺栓疲劳强度计算的再分析,《焦作矿业学院学报》,1995,4
[17]赵少汴,王忠保,《抗疲劳设计-方法与数据》,机械工业出版社,1997,3
[18]杨黎明,黄凯等,《机械零件设计手册》(修订版),国防工业出版社,1993,8
[19]卜炎,《螺纹联接设计与计算》,高等教育出版社,1995,7
[20]山本晃(日)著,郭可谦等译,《螺纹联接的理论与计算》,上海科学技术文献出版社,1984,1
[21]G.尼曼(德)著,余梦生等译,《机械零件》,机械工业出版社,1985,12
[22]И.A.比尔格尔等著,姚兆生译,《机械零件强度计算手册》机械工业出版社,1987,3
[23][日]日本钢构造协会接合小委员会编,王玉春等译,《高强度螺栓接合》,中国铁道出版社,1984,9
[24]赵少汴,王忠保,《疲劳设计》,机械工业出版社,1992.5
[25]丁芸孙,朱坊云,十年来大跨度机库网架结构的应用与发展,《第六届空间结构学术会议论文集》,地震出版社,1992
[26]肖毓恺,秦冬琪,马庆如,十字板—球节点的疲劳性能,《第六届空间结构学术会议论文集》,地震出版社,1992;897-901
[27]Eftis J,Subramonian N.The inclined crack under biaxial load.Engng Fracture Mech 1978
[28]Elber W.The significance of fatigue crack closure.Damage Tolerance in Aircraft Structures.ASTM STP 1971
[29]Wasiluk B,Golos K.Prediction of crack growth direction under plane stress for mixed-mode I and Ⅱ loading.Fatigue Fracture Engng Mater Structure 2000
[30]雷宏刚,螺栓球节点网架变幅疲劳性能的研究构想,《钢结构》,2000:206-208
[31]中华人民共和国国家标准,螺纹紧固件轴向载荷疲劳试验方法,国家技术监督局,1992
[32]Tanaka K.Fatigue crack propagation from a crack inclined to the cyclic tensile axis.Engng Fracture Mech 1974
[33]俞国音,钢结构疲劳设计的趋向,《钢结构研究论文报告选集》,1983
[34]程育仁,缪龙秀,侯炳麟编,《疲劳强度》,北京,中国铁道出版社,1990
[35]Fatigue and fracture.ASME handbook,vol.19.1996.
[36]孙茂才编著,《金属力学性能》,哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2003.6:166
[37]雷宏刚,刘丽君等,螺栓球节点网架中高强螺栓的疲劳影响因素分析,钢结构增刊,2002,11
[38]G.H.Majzoobi,G.H.Farrahi,N.Habibi.Experimental evaluation of the effect of thread pitchon fatigue life of bolts.International Journal of Fatigue 27(2005)189-196
[39]Forrest PG.Fatigue of metals.New York:Pergamon;1952.p.262-80.
[40]Nyman T,Ansell H,Blom A.Effects of truncation and elimination on composite fatigue life.Compos Struct 2000;(48):275-86.
[41]王德俊,平安,徐灏.随机疲劳载荷的处理及载荷谱编制准则,《东北大学学报》(自然科学版),1994.8(Vol.15,No.4)
[42][英]T.R.格尔内著,周殿群译,潘际炎校,《焊接结构的疲劳》,北京,机械工业出版社,1988:247-279
[43]G.A.HOMES.Relation between endurance limit and porosity of arc welds in mild steel.Arcos vol.15,no.9,1938,pp.1951-71
[44]W.O.DINSDALE and J.G.YOUNG.Significance of defects in aluminium fusion welds.Commonwealth Weld.Conf.London,1965
[45][日]佐藤邦彦等著,张伟昌等译,《焊接接头的强度与设计》,机械工业出版社,1983.1
[46]曹资,国际空间结构现状浅述,北京工业大学,2004
[47]沈祖炎,严慧,马克俭,陈扬骥,空间网架结构,贵州,贵州人民出版社,1987
[48]尹德钰,刘善维,钱若军,网壳结构设计,北京,中国建筑工业出版社,1996
[49]刘锡良主译著,平板网架分析、设计与施工,天津,天津大学出版社,2000
[50]Chang J B.ASTM fatigue life Round-Robin Predictions[R].ASTM STP 842,1984,50-68
[51]Heuler P.Seeger T.A Criterion for Omission of Variable Ampli-tude Loading Histories.Int.J.Fatigue,1986:8(4):225-230
[52]J.W.Fisher.Bridge Fatigue Guide-Design and Details,AISC,1977
[53]潘文,网架螺栓球节点锥头式杆件疲劳性能的试验研究,《云南工业大学学报》,1998(Vol.14,No.1)
[54]《钢结构设计规范》(GB50017-2003),中华人民共和国建设部,2003,12
[55]《网架结构设计与施工规程》(JGJ 7-91),中华人民共和国建设部,1992,4
[2][苏]JI.M.什科利尼克著,《疲劳试验方法手册》,北京,机械工业出版社,1983
[3]曾春华编著,《奇妙的疲劳现象》,北京,科学出版社,1986
[4]高镇同主编,《疲劳性能测试》,国防工业出版社,1980
[5]潘家祯,疲劳试验新方法-显微疲劳试验,上海,华东理工大学学报,1995(Vol.21,No.1)
[6]高镇同主编,《疲劳应用统计学》,国防工业出版社,1986
[7]雷宏刚,网架焊接空心球节点静力疲劳性能研究,建筑结构学报,1993(1)
[8]雷宏刚,螺栓球节点网架常幅疲劳试验数据再分析,钢结构,2000:202-205
[9]Honggang Lei etc.The Testing Research on Equal-Amplitude Fatigue Behavior of Large-span Grid Structures.Proceedings of Sixth Pacific Structural Steel Conference.Seismological Press.Beijing,China.2001,9
[10]冯秀娟等,在悬挂吊车作用下螺栓球节点网架的疲劳性能,《建筑结构学报》,1995:(4):3-11
[11]徐国彬等,网架结构疲劳及其疲劳寿命计算,《建筑结构报》,1994:(8):25-33
[12]徐灏,《疲劳强度设计》,机械工业出版社,1981.12
[13]徐灏,疲劳强度的发展及任务,《理化检验-物理分册》,1994(Vol.30,N0.5)
[14]赵少汴,单轴载荷下的无限寿命疲劳设计方法与设计数据,《机械设计》1999,9
[15]邹浩,空间网架结构在冶金工业建筑中应用的评述,《第六届空间结构学术会议论文集》,地震出版社,1992
[16]刘莉莉,张德豫,螺栓疲劳强度计算的再分析,《焦作矿业学院学报》,1995,4
[17]赵少汴,王忠保,《抗疲劳设计-方法与数据》,机械工业出版社,1997,3
[18]杨黎明,黄凯等,《机械零件设计手册》(修订版),国防工业出版社,1993,8
[19]卜炎,《螺纹联接设计与计算》,高等教育出版社,1995,7
[20]山本晃(日)著,郭可谦等译,《螺纹联接的理论与计算》,上海科学技术文献出版社,1984,1
[21]G.尼曼(德)著,余梦生等译,《机械零件》,机械工业出版社,1985,12
[22]И.A.比尔格尔等著,姚兆生译,《机械零件强度计算手册》机械工业出版社,1987,3
[23][日]日本钢构造协会接合小委员会编,王玉春等译,《高强度螺栓接合》,中国铁道出版社,1984,9
[24]赵少汴,王忠保,《疲劳设计》,机械工业出版社,1992.5
[25]丁芸孙,朱坊云,十年来大跨度机库网架结构的应用与发展,《第六届空间结构学术会议论文集》,地震出版社,1992
[26]肖毓恺,秦冬琪,马庆如,十字板—球节点的疲劳性能,《第六届空间结构学术会议论文集》,地震出版社,1992;897-901
[27]Eftis J,Subramonian N.The inclined crack under biaxial load.Engng Fracture Mech 1978
[28]Elber W.The significance of fatigue crack closure.Damage Tolerance in Aircraft Structures.ASTM STP 1971
[29]Wasiluk B,Golos K.Prediction of crack growth direction under plane stress for mixed-mode I and Ⅱ loading.Fatigue Fracture Engng Mater Structure 2000
[30]雷宏刚,螺栓球节点网架变幅疲劳性能的研究构想,《钢结构》,2000:206-208
[31]中华人民共和国国家标准,螺纹紧固件轴向载荷疲劳试验方法,国家技术监督局,1992
[32]Tanaka K.Fatigue crack propagation from a crack inclined to the cyclic tensile axis.Engng Fracture Mech 1974
[33]俞国音,钢结构疲劳设计的趋向,《钢结构研究论文报告选集》,1983
[34]程育仁,缪龙秀,侯炳麟编,《疲劳强度》,北京,中国铁道出版社,1990
[35]Fatigue and fracture.ASME handbook,vol.19.1996.
[36]孙茂才编著,《金属力学性能》,哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2003.6:166
[37]雷宏刚,刘丽君等,螺栓球节点网架中高强螺栓的疲劳影响因素分析,钢结构增刊,2002,11
[38]G.H.Majzoobi,G.H.Farrahi,N.Habibi.Experimental evaluation of the effect of thread pitchon fatigue life of bolts.International Journal of Fatigue 27(2005)189-196
[39]Forrest PG.Fatigue of metals.New York:Pergamon;1952.p.262-80.
[40]Nyman T,Ansell H,Blom A.Effects of truncation and elimination on composite fatigue life.Compos Struct 2000;(48):275-86.
[41]王德俊,平安,徐灏.随机疲劳载荷的处理及载荷谱编制准则,《东北大学学报》(自然科学版),1994.8(Vol.15,No.4)
[42][英]T.R.格尔内著,周殿群译,潘际炎校,《焊接结构的疲劳》,北京,机械工业出版社,1988:247-279
[43]G.A.HOMES.Relation between endurance limit and porosity of arc welds in mild steel.Arcos vol.15,no.9,1938,pp.1951-71
[44]W.O.DINSDALE and J.G.YOUNG.Significance of defects in aluminium fusion welds.Commonwealth Weld.Conf.London,1965
[45][日]佐藤邦彦等著,张伟昌等译,《焊接接头的强度与设计》,机械工业出版社,1983.1
[46]曹资,国际空间结构现状浅述,北京工业大学,2004
[47]沈祖炎,严慧,马克俭,陈扬骥,空间网架结构,贵州,贵州人民出版社,1987
[48]尹德钰,刘善维,钱若军,网壳结构设计,北京,中国建筑工业出版社,1996
[49]刘锡良主译著,平板网架分析、设计与施工,天津,天津大学出版社,2000
[50]Chang J B.ASTM fatigue life Round-Robin Predictions[R].ASTM STP 842,1984,50-68
[51]Heuler P.Seeger T.A Criterion for Omission of Variable Ampli-tude Loading Histories.Int.J.Fatigue,1986:8(4):225-230
[52]J.W.Fisher.Bridge Fatigue Guide-Design and Details,AISC,1977
[53]潘文,网架螺栓球节点锥头式杆件疲劳性能的试验研究,《云南工业大学学报》,1998(Vol.14,No.1)
[54]《钢结构设计规范》(GB50017-2003),中华人民共和国建设部,2003,12
[55]《网架结构设计与施工规程》(JGJ 7-91),中华人民共和国建设部,1992,4