轮轴过盈配合面的有限元分析
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摘要
轮对是机车车辆走行部中最重要的部件之一,轴毂间配合的接触压力,不仅是研究微动损伤的重要参数,而且也是保证轮轴间扭矩的传递、抵抗轮轴相对运动的重要因素。因此,需要对轮轴配合部位的宏观接触应力状态进行研究,为校核零件强度、计算联接传动能力提供依据。
本文以眉山车辆厂转K6型转向架所用轮轴结构为研究对象,采用有限元软件ABAQUS对轮轴压装法过盈装配进行模拟计算,应用ABAQUS强大的后置处理功能对轮轴过盈联接后应力的分布、变形的范围、装配时材料的应力变化进行直观的分析,具有十分重要的工程意义。
对轮轴压装法过盈装配分别进行了弹性有限元模拟和弹塑性有限元模拟,计算装配过程中产生的应力、应变,确定高应力区的位置,讨论过盈量对轮轴配合面内应力分布及应力集中的影响。计算结果表明,过盈量变大时,车轮和车轴上的应力水平都明显提高,应力集中现象也越明显。将两种模拟方法的结果进行对比,可以得知弹塑性有限元法比弹性有限元法更具有指导意义和应用价值。
在弹塑性模拟条件下研究车轴空心度对过盈装配所产生的影响,分析车轮与车轴的等效应力和接触应力的分布规律及轮轴塑性变形的特点,并将实心轴、平直型空心轴与扩大型空心轴压装后的计算结果进行对比分析,可以得知在同等条件下进行压装,空心轴与实心轴的计算结果并没有明显的差别,车轴内径的改变对轴孔处的应力影响比较大,对于轮毂和轴的接触位置尤其是应力集中位置的应力没太大影响,用空心轴进行替代是可行的。
The wheelset is one of the most important components in the running gear of locomotive. The contact pressure between axle and hub is not only the important parameter to study fretting damage, but also the important factor to ensure the transmission of torque and resisting relative slip on the fitting surfaces. Therefore, it's important to study the macroscopic stress state on the contact surfaces, and provide the research basis for checking the strength of components and calculating the transmission capacity of connectors.
In this paper, take the wheelset structure of K6 bogie truck made by Meishan Rolling Stock Works as the study object, use the finite element software ABAQUS to simulate the shrink fitting process by press-fit method. With the strong post-processing function of ABAQUS, the stress distribution, deformation range and the variation of stresses when assembling can be observed visualized, which has practical significance on the field of engineering.
The fitting process of wheelset is simulated respectively by using elastic FEM and elasto-plastic FEM. The stress and strain of every node on the contact surface between axle and hub could be exactly calculated during the assembly, and the region of high stress is also determined. The influence of shrink range on the stress distribution and stress concentration is discussed in detail, and the results indicate that with the increase of shrink range, the stress level of wheel and axle both increased, the stress concentration also become more obvious. By comparing the computing results of two simulation methods, the conclusion is that the elasto-plastic FEM is more significant and valuable than the elastic FEM.
Using the elasto-plastic FEM, the influence of hollowness on shrink-fit is studied, then analyzed the distribution of equivalent stress and contact stress and the characteristic of plastic deformation on the contact surface. By comparing the simulating results among solid axle, hollow axle with straight hole and hollow axle with variable hole, the conclusion is that there is no significant difference in results when assembling under the same conditions. The structure of the inner hole has a large influence on the stresses around axle hole, and a small influence on the stresses on contact surface or stress concentration region. So the wheelset with hollow axle is applicable according to the present results.
本文以眉山车辆厂转K6型转向架所用轮轴结构为研究对象,采用有限元软件ABAQUS对轮轴压装法过盈装配进行模拟计算,应用ABAQUS强大的后置处理功能对轮轴过盈联接后应力的分布、变形的范围、装配时材料的应力变化进行直观的分析,具有十分重要的工程意义。
对轮轴压装法过盈装配分别进行了弹性有限元模拟和弹塑性有限元模拟,计算装配过程中产生的应力、应变,确定高应力区的位置,讨论过盈量对轮轴配合面内应力分布及应力集中的影响。计算结果表明,过盈量变大时,车轮和车轴上的应力水平都明显提高,应力集中现象也越明显。将两种模拟方法的结果进行对比,可以得知弹塑性有限元法比弹性有限元法更具有指导意义和应用价值。
在弹塑性模拟条件下研究车轴空心度对过盈装配所产生的影响,分析车轮与车轴的等效应力和接触应力的分布规律及轮轴塑性变形的特点,并将实心轴、平直型空心轴与扩大型空心轴压装后的计算结果进行对比分析,可以得知在同等条件下进行压装,空心轴与实心轴的计算结果并没有明显的差别,车轴内径的改变对轴孔处的应力影响比较大,对于轮毂和轴的接触位置尤其是应力集中位置的应力没太大影响,用空心轴进行替代是可行的。
The wheelset is one of the most important components in the running gear of locomotive. The contact pressure between axle and hub is not only the important parameter to study fretting damage, but also the important factor to ensure the transmission of torque and resisting relative slip on the fitting surfaces. Therefore, it's important to study the macroscopic stress state on the contact surfaces, and provide the research basis for checking the strength of components and calculating the transmission capacity of connectors.
In this paper, take the wheelset structure of K6 bogie truck made by Meishan Rolling Stock Works as the study object, use the finite element software ABAQUS to simulate the shrink fitting process by press-fit method. With the strong post-processing function of ABAQUS, the stress distribution, deformation range and the variation of stresses when assembling can be observed visualized, which has practical significance on the field of engineering.
The fitting process of wheelset is simulated respectively by using elastic FEM and elasto-plastic FEM. The stress and strain of every node on the contact surface between axle and hub could be exactly calculated during the assembly, and the region of high stress is also determined. The influence of shrink range on the stress distribution and stress concentration is discussed in detail, and the results indicate that with the increase of shrink range, the stress level of wheel and axle both increased, the stress concentration also become more obvious. By comparing the computing results of two simulation methods, the conclusion is that the elasto-plastic FEM is more significant and valuable than the elastic FEM.
Using the elasto-plastic FEM, the influence of hollowness on shrink-fit is studied, then analyzed the distribution of equivalent stress and contact stress and the characteristic of plastic deformation on the contact surface. By comparing the simulating results among solid axle, hollow axle with straight hole and hollow axle with variable hole, the conclusion is that there is no significant difference in results when assembling under the same conditions. The structure of the inner hole has a large influence on the stresses around axle hole, and a small influence on the stresses on contact surface or stress concentration region. So the wheelset with hollow axle is applicable according to the present results.
引文
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