基于光纤光栅测量的旋转叶片应力应变分析与实验研究
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摘要
本文主要通过对风扇叶片进行CAD逆向建模,然后将得到的模型导入有限元分析软件进行应力应变、裂纹扩展以及疲劳寿命的分析以及风扇叶片光栅测试的方法对叶片高速运转时的应力分布和疲劳特性进行研究。CAD逆向建模以实物测量图像数据为基础,通过把测量数据输入Pro/e进行重新造型,从而在CAD平台中还原“实物原貌”(再现实物的零件模型)。然后把Pro/e中生成的零件模型输入ANSYS,并严格按照叶片旋转时的边界条件对其进行应力应变、裂纹扩展以及疲劳寿命的分析。由此可以从理论上得到叶片的应力分布状况和疲劳裂纹易产生的部位,为下一步的光栅测试实验、光栅传感器的布置以及以后的优化设计提供了理论参考。
首先,简要介绍了风扇叶片的主要研究方法以及课题的背景及其研究意义。
其次,简单介绍了论文工作必须的有限元分析的理论知识和疲劳寿命分析的理论方法如名义应力法、局部应力应变法等,以及裂纹扩展的断裂力学的相关理论如YU裂纹模型。
再者,对叶片进行逆向建模,并将其导入ANSYS进行了应力应变、疲劳寿命、裂纹扩展的分析:并依据分析结果画出叶片的疲劳寿命曲线S-N、裂纹扩展率与应力曲线da/dn-S曲线等。同时也进行实验研究,利用光栅传感器进行分布式测量,分析叶片在高速旋转时的应力大小、疲劳寿命。
最后,将有限元分析的结果与实验测量的数据进行对比,从而确定叶片的危险部位,同时也证明了光栅测量旋转叶片应力应变的可靠性。
通过光栅测试实验得到了叶片在实际运转情况下应力大小、裂纹扩展下的应力分布以及疲劳寿命。将有限元分析所得到的结果和光栅测试实验的数据对比分析,二者结果一致,尤其在应力大小和应力分布方面表现的更为吻合。从而确定了叶片高速旋转时的容易产生裂纹的危险部位以及叶片的疲劳寿命,并找出了影响叶片疲劳寿命的主要因素即局部应力集中部位,同时也验证了光栅测量方法的可行性和逆向建模的可靠性,并为以后的叶片的优化设计和在线监测提供了理论依据。
In this paper,the writer mainly through building the model of electric fan blade backward by CAD software and then transport the model of the fan blades to finite element analysis software for stress and strain,growth of fatigue crack and the life of the fan blades.By contrast the test of high-speed operation of the fan blades for its stress distribution and Fatigue Characteristics by of the grating sensor.Building the CAD model reversely based on image data,the measurement data of the physical measurement which will be put through the pro/e for re-modeling,CAD platform in order to restore "physical appearance"(kind of reproduction parts model). Then the model generated by Pro/e the will be put into the ANSYS for analyzing their stress and strain,fatigue crack growth and life expectancy in strict accordance with the rotation fan blade the boundary conditions of.Thus the distribution of stress and fatigue crack of the fan will be clear which can provide a theoretical reference for the next step of the grating sensor testing laboratory after the layout and design optimization in future.
First,it gave a briefing on research methods of the fan blade and talks about the background and significance of the subjects.
Secondly,introduce the theoretical basis for finite element analysis,a brief introduction of the paper work must be finite element analysis of the theoretical knowledge and Fatigue life analysis of theoretical approaches such as nominal stress method,the local stress-strain law,as well as crack propagation in fracture mechanics such as the YU crack model.
Thirdly,design the model of electric fan blade backward by CAD software which will be used for finite element analysis and analyze of the stress-strain and fatigue life,the crack growth of the fan blade by ANSYS10.0.Then the fatigue life curve(S-N curve),and crack growth rate and stress curves(da / dn-S curve) was painted in accordance with the results of the analysis of FEA.And the same time, make the experimental study,using the grating blade sensor in the high-speed rotation for test the size of the stress,fatigue life.
Finally,the finite element analysis results and the results of experimental data were compared to determine the risk place of fan.if they are both agreed which will also prove the reliability of measuring the stress and strain rotating blades by the grating sensor.The third chapter,ChapterⅣandⅤ,is the focus of papers.
By grating blade testing laboratory has been in the actual functioning under stress size,crack growth under the stress distribution and fatigue life.The results of finite element analysis and the results obtained by the grating testing laboratory are consistent with each other,particularly in the size and distribution of stress on the fan surface.So we get the risk place and fatigue life-span of a high-speed rotating fan blades which incline to have a fatigue crack.Further,we can identify the main factors which impacts most of fatigue life of a high-speed rotating blades that is local stress concentration,but also verify the feasibility of grating measurement and The reliability of reverse built.All this will provides a theoretical basis for the optimal design and on-line monitoring in some day.
首先,简要介绍了风扇叶片的主要研究方法以及课题的背景及其研究意义。
其次,简单介绍了论文工作必须的有限元分析的理论知识和疲劳寿命分析的理论方法如名义应力法、局部应力应变法等,以及裂纹扩展的断裂力学的相关理论如YU裂纹模型。
再者,对叶片进行逆向建模,并将其导入ANSYS进行了应力应变、疲劳寿命、裂纹扩展的分析:并依据分析结果画出叶片的疲劳寿命曲线S-N、裂纹扩展率与应力曲线da/dn-S曲线等。同时也进行实验研究,利用光栅传感器进行分布式测量,分析叶片在高速旋转时的应力大小、疲劳寿命。
最后,将有限元分析的结果与实验测量的数据进行对比,从而确定叶片的危险部位,同时也证明了光栅测量旋转叶片应力应变的可靠性。
通过光栅测试实验得到了叶片在实际运转情况下应力大小、裂纹扩展下的应力分布以及疲劳寿命。将有限元分析所得到的结果和光栅测试实验的数据对比分析,二者结果一致,尤其在应力大小和应力分布方面表现的更为吻合。从而确定了叶片高速旋转时的容易产生裂纹的危险部位以及叶片的疲劳寿命,并找出了影响叶片疲劳寿命的主要因素即局部应力集中部位,同时也验证了光栅测量方法的可行性和逆向建模的可靠性,并为以后的叶片的优化设计和在线监测提供了理论依据。
In this paper,the writer mainly through building the model of electric fan blade backward by CAD software and then transport the model of the fan blades to finite element analysis software for stress and strain,growth of fatigue crack and the life of the fan blades.By contrast the test of high-speed operation of the fan blades for its stress distribution and Fatigue Characteristics by of the grating sensor.Building the CAD model reversely based on image data,the measurement data of the physical measurement which will be put through the pro/e for re-modeling,CAD platform in order to restore "physical appearance"(kind of reproduction parts model). Then the model generated by Pro/e the will be put into the ANSYS for analyzing their stress and strain,fatigue crack growth and life expectancy in strict accordance with the rotation fan blade the boundary conditions of.Thus the distribution of stress and fatigue crack of the fan will be clear which can provide a theoretical reference for the next step of the grating sensor testing laboratory after the layout and design optimization in future.
First,it gave a briefing on research methods of the fan blade and talks about the background and significance of the subjects.
Secondly,introduce the theoretical basis for finite element analysis,a brief introduction of the paper work must be finite element analysis of the theoretical knowledge and Fatigue life analysis of theoretical approaches such as nominal stress method,the local stress-strain law,as well as crack propagation in fracture mechanics such as the YU crack model.
Thirdly,design the model of electric fan blade backward by CAD software which will be used for finite element analysis and analyze of the stress-strain and fatigue life,the crack growth of the fan blade by ANSYS10.0.Then the fatigue life curve(S-N curve),and crack growth rate and stress curves(da / dn-S curve) was painted in accordance with the results of the analysis of FEA.And the same time, make the experimental study,using the grating blade sensor in the high-speed rotation for test the size of the stress,fatigue life.
Finally,the finite element analysis results and the results of experimental data were compared to determine the risk place of fan.if they are both agreed which will also prove the reliability of measuring the stress and strain rotating blades by the grating sensor.The third chapter,ChapterⅣandⅤ,is the focus of papers.
By grating blade testing laboratory has been in the actual functioning under stress size,crack growth under the stress distribution and fatigue life.The results of finite element analysis and the results obtained by the grating testing laboratory are consistent with each other,particularly in the size and distribution of stress on the fan surface.So we get the risk place and fatigue life-span of a high-speed rotating fan blades which incline to have a fatigue crack.Further,we can identify the main factors which impacts most of fatigue life of a high-speed rotating blades that is local stress concentration,but also verify the feasibility of grating measurement and The reliability of reverse built.All this will provides a theoretical basis for the optimal design and on-line monitoring in some day.
引文
[1]许冬梅.形形色色的电风扇[J].科技信息,1996,(09):25-27
[2]席光,卢金铃,祁大同.混流泵三元优化设计方法研究.工程热物理学报[J],2004,25(6):952-955
[3]Papila Nilay,Shyy Wei.Shape.Optimization of Supersonic Turbines Using Response Surface and Neural Network Methods.AIAA 2001,(06),1050-1065
[4]Liubo.An Improved Momentum Back-Propagation Neural Network for Optimizing the Aero-Dynamical Performance of a Fan Blade.JOURNAL OF NORTHWESTERN POLYTECHNICAL UNIVERSITY,2007,25(02):13-16
[5]马红荣.现代设计方法在电风扇设计中的应用[J].现代企业教育,2006,(09):18-21
[6]周正贵.压气机风扇叶片自动优化设计的研究现状和关键技术[J]航空学报2008,02:23-26
[7]Lin X B.Smith R A.Finite element modeling of fatigue crack growth of surface cracked plates Part Ⅱ:Crack shape change[J].Engng Fract Mech.1999,63:503:522
[8]Lazarus V.Brittle fracture andfatiguepropagationpathsof3Dplane cracks under uniform remote tensile loading[J].Fracture Mech.2003.122:23-46.
[9]Lin X B,Smith R A.Finite element modeling of fatigue crack growth of surface cracked plates Part Ⅲ:Stress intensity fac-for and fatigue crack growth life[J].Fracture Mech.1999,63,541:556
[10]朱卫华.极低比转数离心泵叶轮的优化设计与流动分析[M]北京:清华大学,2002.6:21-25
[11]许飞云,胡建中,贾民平,钟秉林.嵌入式旋转机械状态监控与故障诊断系统研究[J]东南大学学报(自然科学版)2004,06:31-33
[12]Tsalavoutas A,Mathioudakis K,Stamatis A,etal.Identi-fying faults in the variable geometry system of a gas tur-bine compressor[J].Journal of Turbomachinery,2006,128(4):786-797.
[13]刚铁.宽弦空心风扇叶片结构设计及强度分析研究[D].南京航空航天大学,2005,6:14-16
[14]刘晓波,王依,林家国.基于有限元法的风机叶片裂纹分析及处理[J].机械设计与制造,2007,(03)
[15]Gui Lichuan,Gu Chuangang,Chang Hongshou.Influences of Splitter Blades on the Centrifugal Fan Performances.[J]ASME Paper,2000,07:29-33.
[16]Kaneko Y,Mori,K,and Ohyama,H.Development and Verification of 3000 rpm 48 Inch Integral Shroud Blade for Steam Turbine[J].JSME International Journal,Series B,2006,49(2):205-211.
[17]布查南(美).有限元分析[M],北京:科学出版社,2002.1:103-109
[18]李人宪.有限元法基础[M],北京:国防工业出版社,2002.3:123-135
[19]高志刚,刘泽明,李娜.复杂模型的ANSYS有限元网格划分研究[J].机械工程与自动化.2006,(03):16-19
[20]姜京伟,程阔.有限元网格划分剖析[J].山西交通科技.2007,(05):29-32
[21]仇亚萍,黄俐军,冯立飞.基于ANSYS的有限元网格划分方法[J].机械管理开发,2007,(06):17-20
[22]金晶,吴新跃.有限元网格划分相关问题分析研究[J].计算机辅助工程,2005,(02):23-25
[23]杜平安.有限元网格划分的基本原则[J].机械设计与制造,2000,(01).
[24]Owen S J.A Survey of Unstructured Mesh Generation Technology[C]//Proc.of 7th International Meshing Roundtable.Dearbom:Sandia National.Laboratories,1998:239-267
[25]姚卫星.结构疲劳寿命分析[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2004,10,3-8
[26]Shang D G,YaoW X,Wang D J.A New Approach to the Determination of Fatigue track Initiation Size.International Journal of Fatigue,1998,20(9):683-687
[27]李克唐,张行,付祥炯等.飞机结构损伤容限设计指南.北京:航空工业部科学技术情报研究所,1985
[28]李玉春,姚卫.高周疲劳裂纹萌生的非线性微观力学模划.南京航空航天大学学报,1998,30(3):261-267
[29]Miller K J.Metal fatigue--past,current and future.Journal of Mechanical EngineeringScience,1991,205:291
[30]杨广里.断裂力学及应用[M].北京:中国铁道出版社.1990.6:103-108
[31]孙进,李耀明.逆向工程的关键技术及其研究[J].航空精密制造技术,2007,(01).
[32]李志新,黄曼慧,成思源.逆向工程技术及其应用[J].现代制造工程,2007,(02).
[33]陈春颖,张革平.逆向工程技术[J].承德职业学院学报,2007,(01).
[34]周建强,李建军,王彬,杨发展,李维华.逆向工程技术的研究现状及发展趋势[J].现代制造技术与装备,2006,(03):21-23
[35]杨家富,王冰,杨继全.基于逆向工程技术的产品设计开发[J].林业机械与木工设备,2007,(12):10-12
[36]GAO B,QING H,BAI J Jetal.Fabrication of mandibu-lar replicas with rapid prototyping by laminated object manufa reconstruction of human mandibular[J]Journal of Practical Stomatology,2000,10:16-18
[37]二代龙震.PRO/E3.0高级设计.成都:电子工业大学出版社[M].2007.2:103-115
[38]孟超,宋芳.有限元分析软件的比较和展望[J].焦作大学学报2008,01
[39]马奎兴.有限元及软件ANSYS简介[J]水利科技与经济,2004,(03)
[40]曾攀.有限元分析理论.北京:清华大学出版社[M].2001.3
[41]Logan K P.Prognostic software agents for machinery health monitoring[J].IEEE AL paper,7(2):3213-3225.
[42]Peng G,Yuan S F,Xu X..Damage detection on Two Dimensional structure based on lamb waves[J].Smart structures and systems,2006,2(2):171-188
[43]姜德生,罗裴,梁磊.光纤布拉格光栅传感器与基于应变模态理论的结构损伤识别[J].仪表技术与传感,2003,12(2):17-19.
[44]Yuan S F,Wang L,Peng G.Neural network melthod based on a new damage signature for structural health monitoring[J].Thin Walled Structure,2005,43(4):553-563
[45]李志全,蔡璐璐,高庆等.基于光纤Bragg光栅位移测量的研究.应用光学[J].2004,25(6):26-30.
[46]Peng G,Yuan S F,Xu X..Damage detection on Two Dimensional structure based on lamb waves[J].Smart structures and systems,2006,2(2):171-188
[2]席光,卢金铃,祁大同.混流泵三元优化设计方法研究.工程热物理学报[J],2004,25(6):952-955
[3]Papila Nilay,Shyy Wei.Shape.Optimization of Supersonic Turbines Using Response Surface and Neural Network Methods.AIAA 2001,(06),1050-1065
[4]Liubo.An Improved Momentum Back-Propagation Neural Network for Optimizing the Aero-Dynamical Performance of a Fan Blade.JOURNAL OF NORTHWESTERN POLYTECHNICAL UNIVERSITY,2007,25(02):13-16
[5]马红荣.现代设计方法在电风扇设计中的应用[J].现代企业教育,2006,(09):18-21
[6]周正贵.压气机风扇叶片自动优化设计的研究现状和关键技术[J]航空学报2008,02:23-26
[7]Lin X B.Smith R A.Finite element modeling of fatigue crack growth of surface cracked plates Part Ⅱ:Crack shape change[J].Engng Fract Mech.1999,63:503:522
[8]Lazarus V.Brittle fracture andfatiguepropagationpathsof3Dplane cracks under uniform remote tensile loading[J].Fracture Mech.2003.122:23-46.
[9]Lin X B,Smith R A.Finite element modeling of fatigue crack growth of surface cracked plates Part Ⅲ:Stress intensity fac-for and fatigue crack growth life[J].Fracture Mech.1999,63,541:556
[10]朱卫华.极低比转数离心泵叶轮的优化设计与流动分析[M]北京:清华大学,2002.6:21-25
[11]许飞云,胡建中,贾民平,钟秉林.嵌入式旋转机械状态监控与故障诊断系统研究[J]东南大学学报(自然科学版)2004,06:31-33
[12]Tsalavoutas A,Mathioudakis K,Stamatis A,etal.Identi-fying faults in the variable geometry system of a gas tur-bine compressor[J].Journal of Turbomachinery,2006,128(4):786-797.
[13]刚铁.宽弦空心风扇叶片结构设计及强度分析研究[D].南京航空航天大学,2005,6:14-16
[14]刘晓波,王依,林家国.基于有限元法的风机叶片裂纹分析及处理[J].机械设计与制造,2007,(03)
[15]Gui Lichuan,Gu Chuangang,Chang Hongshou.Influences of Splitter Blades on the Centrifugal Fan Performances.[J]ASME Paper,2000,07:29-33.
[16]Kaneko Y,Mori,K,and Ohyama,H.Development and Verification of 3000 rpm 48 Inch Integral Shroud Blade for Steam Turbine[J].JSME International Journal,Series B,2006,49(2):205-211.
[17]布查南(美).有限元分析[M],北京:科学出版社,2002.1:103-109
[18]李人宪.有限元法基础[M],北京:国防工业出版社,2002.3:123-135
[19]高志刚,刘泽明,李娜.复杂模型的ANSYS有限元网格划分研究[J].机械工程与自动化.2006,(03):16-19
[20]姜京伟,程阔.有限元网格划分剖析[J].山西交通科技.2007,(05):29-32
[21]仇亚萍,黄俐军,冯立飞.基于ANSYS的有限元网格划分方法[J].机械管理开发,2007,(06):17-20
[22]金晶,吴新跃.有限元网格划分相关问题分析研究[J].计算机辅助工程,2005,(02):23-25
[23]杜平安.有限元网格划分的基本原则[J].机械设计与制造,2000,(01).
[24]Owen S J.A Survey of Unstructured Mesh Generation Technology[C]//Proc.of 7th International Meshing Roundtable.Dearbom:Sandia National.Laboratories,1998:239-267
[25]姚卫星.结构疲劳寿命分析[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2004,10,3-8
[26]Shang D G,YaoW X,Wang D J.A New Approach to the Determination of Fatigue track Initiation Size.International Journal of Fatigue,1998,20(9):683-687
[27]李克唐,张行,付祥炯等.飞机结构损伤容限设计指南.北京:航空工业部科学技术情报研究所,1985
[28]李玉春,姚卫.高周疲劳裂纹萌生的非线性微观力学模划.南京航空航天大学学报,1998,30(3):261-267
[29]Miller K J.Metal fatigue--past,current and future.Journal of Mechanical EngineeringScience,1991,205:291
[30]杨广里.断裂力学及应用[M].北京:中国铁道出版社.1990.6:103-108
[31]孙进,李耀明.逆向工程的关键技术及其研究[J].航空精密制造技术,2007,(01).
[32]李志新,黄曼慧,成思源.逆向工程技术及其应用[J].现代制造工程,2007,(02).
[33]陈春颖,张革平.逆向工程技术[J].承德职业学院学报,2007,(01).
[34]周建强,李建军,王彬,杨发展,李维华.逆向工程技术的研究现状及发展趋势[J].现代制造技术与装备,2006,(03):21-23
[35]杨家富,王冰,杨继全.基于逆向工程技术的产品设计开发[J].林业机械与木工设备,2007,(12):10-12
[36]GAO B,QING H,BAI J Jetal.Fabrication of mandibu-lar replicas with rapid prototyping by laminated object manufa reconstruction of human mandibular[J]Journal of Practical Stomatology,2000,10:16-18
[37]二代龙震.PRO/E3.0高级设计.成都:电子工业大学出版社[M].2007.2:103-115
[38]孟超,宋芳.有限元分析软件的比较和展望[J].焦作大学学报2008,01
[39]马奎兴.有限元及软件ANSYS简介[J]水利科技与经济,2004,(03)
[40]曾攀.有限元分析理论.北京:清华大学出版社[M].2001.3
[41]Logan K P.Prognostic software agents for machinery health monitoring[J].IEEE AL paper,7(2):3213-3225.
[42]Peng G,Yuan S F,Xu X..Damage detection on Two Dimensional structure based on lamb waves[J].Smart structures and systems,2006,2(2):171-188
[43]姜德生,罗裴,梁磊.光纤布拉格光栅传感器与基于应变模态理论的结构损伤识别[J].仪表技术与传感,2003,12(2):17-19.
[44]Yuan S F,Wang L,Peng G.Neural network melthod based on a new damage signature for structural health monitoring[J].Thin Walled Structure,2005,43(4):553-563
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