豫南地区集体农庄建筑围护结构的节能研究
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摘要
21世纪之初,随着我国城乡建设进入高速发展阶段,新农村建设的发展也越来越受到关注。而我国农村住宅因其量大面广、持续高能耗状况已经引起人们的高度重视。国家在“十一、二五”期间也大力倡导新农村住宅节能建设。因此,研究如何提高农村住宅的节能问题,对进一步加强能源的高效利用、环境保护有着十分重要的战略意义。
本文从农村住宅的节能标准、技术手段等方面的研究入手,采用现场观测、实地访查农户的方法,通过对豫南地区农村传统住宅和现代集体农庄的形态、特征、建筑材料、功能布局和室内热环境等进行了全面的调研分析,掌握了该地区农村住宅的基本节能状况;并对所获得的调研结果进行了充分地梳理、归纳、分析,找出了影响农村住宅节能的主要因素;另外还根据有关热工设计规范计算出常用门窗、墙体、遮阳等一系列热工参数,提出了在豫南地区农村住宅中适用的窗墙比、窗户种类、遮阳形式和屋面保温隔热等节能改善措施。
为了准确掌握当地农村的节能现状,本课题组还对当地典型农户房屋的节能性进行了深入的剖析研究,分析它的热工性能,对比它与传统住宅的优劣之处,得出了豫南地区适用的理想住宅节能优化方案。并对该方案的经济性和运行效果进行了建筑造价与能耗的理论计算。结果表明:采用该方案后每平方米的建筑造价虽然增加了约16.9%,但是室内热环境状况却得到极大的改善,而且使建筑每平方米传热耗热量降低了37%,使农村住宅的节能效果也初步达到了30%。从而验证了该方案在豫南农村地区推广的适用性和可行性,为今后的新农村集体农庄建设提供了一定的工程参考价值和应用推广前景。
At the beginning of 21 century, more and more attentions are taken to the new rural construction with urban construction in China entering High-speed development stage. People have attach great importance to our rural residence because its enormous quantity, huge area and continuous high energy consumption. The government also advocate the construction of new rural energy-saving residence in the“11th,12th five-year plan”period. Therefore, the study of how to improve the energy-saving in rural residences has a very important strategic significance in improving energy efficiency and environmental protection.
This paper begins with the study of rural residential energy-saving standards technical means and so on. In the method of field observation, face-to-face interview to farmers, the author has researched and analyzed completely form, character, building materials,functional layout and the conditions of indoor thermal environment in rural traditional residence and modern collective farms in Southern Area of Henan province and so on, grasped energy-saving situation of rural house in the area. And it obtained the main factors influencing energy-saving of rural residence by adequately combing, concluding and analyzing investigation result. Also according to relevant standards of the thermal design, it has calculated a series of parameter commonly used in windows, wall, shading and so on, putting forward the windows than walls, types of windows, shading forms and measures of roof insulation, etc.
In order to master the local rural energy-saving situations, the author has carried on the deep analysis and research on the ability of saving energy of local farmers’typical houses, given out energy-saving optimization scheme applicable in local place by analyzing its thermal performances and comparing disadvantage and benefit with that of traditional houses. And then the author calculates theoretically construction cost and energy consumption to check its economy and operation effect. The results show that: although the cost increases 16.9% per square metre after proposing scheme, the indoor thermal environment condition have greatly been improved immensely, the heat consumption in heat-transferring reduces 37% per square metre, and then efficiency of energy-saving reaches 30% in rural houses ,which has verified that it is feasible and applicable in rural areas of Southern Area of Henan Province, reveals certain value of engineering reference and promotion prospects for the construction of new rural collective farm in the future.
本文从农村住宅的节能标准、技术手段等方面的研究入手,采用现场观测、实地访查农户的方法,通过对豫南地区农村传统住宅和现代集体农庄的形态、特征、建筑材料、功能布局和室内热环境等进行了全面的调研分析,掌握了该地区农村住宅的基本节能状况;并对所获得的调研结果进行了充分地梳理、归纳、分析,找出了影响农村住宅节能的主要因素;另外还根据有关热工设计规范计算出常用门窗、墙体、遮阳等一系列热工参数,提出了在豫南地区农村住宅中适用的窗墙比、窗户种类、遮阳形式和屋面保温隔热等节能改善措施。
为了准确掌握当地农村的节能现状,本课题组还对当地典型农户房屋的节能性进行了深入的剖析研究,分析它的热工性能,对比它与传统住宅的优劣之处,得出了豫南地区适用的理想住宅节能优化方案。并对该方案的经济性和运行效果进行了建筑造价与能耗的理论计算。结果表明:采用该方案后每平方米的建筑造价虽然增加了约16.9%,但是室内热环境状况却得到极大的改善,而且使建筑每平方米传热耗热量降低了37%,使农村住宅的节能效果也初步达到了30%。从而验证了该方案在豫南农村地区推广的适用性和可行性,为今后的新农村集体农庄建设提供了一定的工程参考价值和应用推广前景。
At the beginning of 21 century, more and more attentions are taken to the new rural construction with urban construction in China entering High-speed development stage. People have attach great importance to our rural residence because its enormous quantity, huge area and continuous high energy consumption. The government also advocate the construction of new rural energy-saving residence in the“11th,12th five-year plan”period. Therefore, the study of how to improve the energy-saving in rural residences has a very important strategic significance in improving energy efficiency and environmental protection.
This paper begins with the study of rural residential energy-saving standards technical means and so on. In the method of field observation, face-to-face interview to farmers, the author has researched and analyzed completely form, character, building materials,functional layout and the conditions of indoor thermal environment in rural traditional residence and modern collective farms in Southern Area of Henan province and so on, grasped energy-saving situation of rural house in the area. And it obtained the main factors influencing energy-saving of rural residence by adequately combing, concluding and analyzing investigation result. Also according to relevant standards of the thermal design, it has calculated a series of parameter commonly used in windows, wall, shading and so on, putting forward the windows than walls, types of windows, shading forms and measures of roof insulation, etc.
In order to master the local rural energy-saving situations, the author has carried on the deep analysis and research on the ability of saving energy of local farmers’typical houses, given out energy-saving optimization scheme applicable in local place by analyzing its thermal performances and comparing disadvantage and benefit with that of traditional houses. And then the author calculates theoretically construction cost and energy consumption to check its economy and operation effect. The results show that: although the cost increases 16.9% per square metre after proposing scheme, the indoor thermal environment condition have greatly been improved immensely, the heat consumption in heat-transferring reduces 37% per square metre, and then efficiency of energy-saving reaches 30% in rural houses ,which has verified that it is feasible and applicable in rural areas of Southern Area of Henan Province, reveals certain value of engineering reference and promotion prospects for the construction of new rural collective farm in the future.
引文
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[2]革非.德国与四川民用建筑节能现状及比较[J].制冷与空调.2002:31-32
[3]查芳.对乡村旅游起源及概念的探讨[J].安康师专学报.2004(6)
[4] Rosa Marga Yanggue Perales.Rural Tourism in Spain.2001
[5] Yang,De-Wei; Chen,You-Jun,etc. Cognizing and choosing model for rural tourism development in nonoptimal tourism district: A case study of moutuo village in qiang minority community, Southwestern China. Proceedings-2008 International Conference on Risk Management and Engineering Management,2008:604-609
[6] Burinskiene Marija; Rudzkiene Vitalija. Modelling and forecasting of country tourism development in Lithuania. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management, v 13, n 3, 2005:116-120
[7]刘瑞涵.李先德.美国农村建设的成效和问题[J].科学决策月刊.2006(49)
[8] Liao,J.Q.; Wang,Weihong.Thoughts on countermeasures of resolving economic crisis in the context of financial crisis. Proceedings-2009 2nd IEEE International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology, ICCSIT 2009:246-249
[9] Luo,Xiaoyu;Cai,Yi.Urban residential suburbanization in Yangtze River Delta Areas of China.Proceedings-International Conference on Management and Service Science, MASS 2009
[10]陈磊.曲文俏.解读日本的造村运动[J].当代亚太.2006(6)
[11]李乾文.日本的“一村一品”运动及其启示[J].世界农业.2005.1
[12]张婉.从韩国“新村运动”看我国的社会主义新农村建设[J].甘肃农业.2008
[13] Moonen, S.P.G. Industrialization of foundation in house-building: Put into practice. ISEC-4-Innovations in Structural Engineering and Construction, 2008,v2: 1107-1112,
[14] Liu Fei .Application of environmental management on energy saving and green house gas reduction in Beijing.International Conference on Management and Service Science,2010
[15] Castillo-Castillo, A; Leach,M.etc.Thermal technology scales in future waste management strategies. Proceedings of Institution of Civil Engineers: Waste and Resource Management, August 2009,v162, n3:151-168
[16]王振坡.中国农村住宅发展趋势探讨[J].城市.2009:10-14
[17]游海华.近百年来中国农村建设考察[J].福建论坛-人文社会科学版.2009(1),80-82
[18]李德满.文化权力、乡村政权与资源动员——解放区土改运动的再认识[J].北京.中共浙江省委党校学报.2008(04)
[19]骆中钊.新农村建设规划与住宅设计[M].北京.中国电力出版社.2008:8-106
[20] http://baike.baidu.com/view/16330.htm1
[21] Chou, Tien-Yin; Yang, Lung-Shih,etc.The impact study of urban heat island effect caused by surface land use changes. Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering, v7478, 2009
[22] Chen, Hai; Jiang, Qing-Hai,etc.Experiment research and thermal calculation on the heat channel of double glass curtain wall under the solar radiation. Acta Scientiarum Natralium Universitatis Sunyatseni, v45, n6,November 2006:35-39
[23]杨亦蓉.探讨建筑设计中的节能方法[J].科技信息.2009(23)
[24]汪海涛,张同强.论述几种常见“冷桥”节点和处理方法[J].黑龙江科技信息.2009(05)
[25]唐辉强.太阳能热压通风屋面的应用研究[D].重庆大学硕士学位论文.2008
[26]丛大鸣.节能生态技术在建筑中的应用及实例分析[M].济南:山东大学出版社.2009:41-46
[27]邵旭.村镇建筑设计[M].北京:中国建材工业出版社.2008:204-205
[28]高飞.上海城市住区节能设计方法研究[D].重庆大学硕士学位论文.2007
[29]滕明邑.村镇住宅空斗墙体热工性能分析及节能技术研究[D].湖南大学硕士学位论文.2008
[30]邵旭.村镇建筑设计[M].北京:中国建材工业出版社.2008:206
[31]河南省统计网:http://www.ha.stats.gov.cn/hntj/tjfw/tjfx/sxsfx/ndfx/webinfo/ 2008/02/1224810851387803.htm
[32]国家统计局.中国城市统计年鉴[M].北京.中国统计出版社.2007:109-116
[33]国家统计局.中国城市统计年鉴[M].北京.中国统计出版社.2008:129-136
[34]付祥钊.夏热冬冷地区建筑节能技术[M].北京.中国建筑工业出版社.2002:135
[35]中国建筑标准设计研究院.全国民用建筑工程设计技术措施--节能专篇[S].北京.中国计划出版社. 2007:53
[36]杨阿丽.寒冷地区公共建筑玻璃幕墙节能分析[D].西安科技大学硕士学位论文.2010
[37]中国建筑科学研究院.民用建筑节能设计标准(采暖居住建筑部分)(JGJ-95) [S].北京.中华人民共和国建设部.1996
[38]宋梅,张德贤等.探索节地节能的新思路——北京门头沟区南辛房村新农宅样板房设计经验[J].建筑科学. 2008(9),V24,9
[39]刘文龙.住宅层高怎样才算合理[J].中外房地产导报.2000(22):24
[40]中国建筑科学研究院.民用建筑节能设计标准(采暖居住建筑部分)(JGJ-95) [S].北京.中华人民共和国建设部.1996
[2]革非.德国与四川民用建筑节能现状及比较[J].制冷与空调.2002:31-32
[3]查芳.对乡村旅游起源及概念的探讨[J].安康师专学报.2004(6)
[4] Rosa Marga Yanggue Perales.Rural Tourism in Spain.2001
[5] Yang,De-Wei; Chen,You-Jun,etc. Cognizing and choosing model for rural tourism development in nonoptimal tourism district: A case study of moutuo village in qiang minority community, Southwestern China. Proceedings-2008 International Conference on Risk Management and Engineering Management,2008:604-609
[6] Burinskiene Marija; Rudzkiene Vitalija. Modelling and forecasting of country tourism development in Lithuania. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management, v 13, n 3, 2005:116-120
[7]刘瑞涵.李先德.美国农村建设的成效和问题[J].科学决策月刊.2006(49)
[8] Liao,J.Q.; Wang,Weihong.Thoughts on countermeasures of resolving economic crisis in the context of financial crisis. Proceedings-2009 2nd IEEE International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology, ICCSIT 2009:246-249
[9] Luo,Xiaoyu;Cai,Yi.Urban residential suburbanization in Yangtze River Delta Areas of China.Proceedings-International Conference on Management and Service Science, MASS 2009
[10]陈磊.曲文俏.解读日本的造村运动[J].当代亚太.2006(6)
[11]李乾文.日本的“一村一品”运动及其启示[J].世界农业.2005.1
[12]张婉.从韩国“新村运动”看我国的社会主义新农村建设[J].甘肃农业.2008
[13] Moonen, S.P.G. Industrialization of foundation in house-building: Put into practice. ISEC-4-Innovations in Structural Engineering and Construction, 2008,v2: 1107-1112,
[14] Liu Fei .Application of environmental management on energy saving and green house gas reduction in Beijing.International Conference on Management and Service Science,2010
[15] Castillo-Castillo, A; Leach,M.etc.Thermal technology scales in future waste management strategies. Proceedings of Institution of Civil Engineers: Waste and Resource Management, August 2009,v162, n3:151-168
[16]王振坡.中国农村住宅发展趋势探讨[J].城市.2009:10-14
[17]游海华.近百年来中国农村建设考察[J].福建论坛-人文社会科学版.2009(1),80-82
[18]李德满.文化权力、乡村政权与资源动员——解放区土改运动的再认识[J].北京.中共浙江省委党校学报.2008(04)
[19]骆中钊.新农村建设规划与住宅设计[M].北京.中国电力出版社.2008:8-106
[20] http://baike.baidu.com/view/16330.htm1
[21] Chou, Tien-Yin; Yang, Lung-Shih,etc.The impact study of urban heat island effect caused by surface land use changes. Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering, v7478, 2009
[22] Chen, Hai; Jiang, Qing-Hai,etc.Experiment research and thermal calculation on the heat channel of double glass curtain wall under the solar radiation. Acta Scientiarum Natralium Universitatis Sunyatseni, v45, n6,November 2006:35-39
[23]杨亦蓉.探讨建筑设计中的节能方法[J].科技信息.2009(23)
[24]汪海涛,张同强.论述几种常见“冷桥”节点和处理方法[J].黑龙江科技信息.2009(05)
[25]唐辉强.太阳能热压通风屋面的应用研究[D].重庆大学硕士学位论文.2008
[26]丛大鸣.节能生态技术在建筑中的应用及实例分析[M].济南:山东大学出版社.2009:41-46
[27]邵旭.村镇建筑设计[M].北京:中国建材工业出版社.2008:204-205
[28]高飞.上海城市住区节能设计方法研究[D].重庆大学硕士学位论文.2007
[29]滕明邑.村镇住宅空斗墙体热工性能分析及节能技术研究[D].湖南大学硕士学位论文.2008
[30]邵旭.村镇建筑设计[M].北京:中国建材工业出版社.2008:206
[31]河南省统计网:http://www.ha.stats.gov.cn/hntj/tjfw/tjfx/sxsfx/ndfx/webinfo/ 2008/02/1224810851387803.htm
[32]国家统计局.中国城市统计年鉴[M].北京.中国统计出版社.2007:109-116
[33]国家统计局.中国城市统计年鉴[M].北京.中国统计出版社.2008:129-136
[34]付祥钊.夏热冬冷地区建筑节能技术[M].北京.中国建筑工业出版社.2002:135
[35]中国建筑标准设计研究院.全国民用建筑工程设计技术措施--节能专篇[S].北京.中国计划出版社. 2007:53
[36]杨阿丽.寒冷地区公共建筑玻璃幕墙节能分析[D].西安科技大学硕士学位论文.2010
[37]中国建筑科学研究院.民用建筑节能设计标准(采暖居住建筑部分)(JGJ-95) [S].北京.中华人民共和国建设部.1996
[38]宋梅,张德贤等.探索节地节能的新思路——北京门头沟区南辛房村新农宅样板房设计经验[J].建筑科学. 2008(9),V24,9
[39]刘文龙.住宅层高怎样才算合理[J].中外房地产导报.2000(22):24
[40]中国建筑科学研究院.民用建筑节能设计标准(采暖居住建筑部分)(JGJ-95) [S].北京.中华人民共和国建设部.1996