MIMO-OFDM系统中的空时频编码研究
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摘要
多输入多输出（MIMO）技术是无线移动通信领域智能天线技术的重大突破，它能成倍地提升系统的信道容量和频带利用率。而正交频分复用（OFDM）技术具有抗多径和频率选择性衰落等优点。将两种技术结合的MIMO-OFDM系统能提供更好的系统性能，是未来无线通信高速数据传输最具希望的解决方案之一。
为了在MIMO-OFDM系统中充分利用分集增益带来的好处，结合空时编码(STC)技术的MIMO-OFDM系统，不仅充分利用MIMO系统、OFDM系统各自的优势，还利用了分集增益，虽能从理论上证明了其系统能获得的最大分集增益为发、收天线数以及多径数的乘积，即满分集增益。但是，现有的MIMO-OFDM系统下的空时编码（STC）不能保证获得满分集增益，因此，为了在MIMO-OFDM系统下得到满分集增益，MIMO-OFDM系统的空时频编码（STFC）被提出。
本文送入详细研究了MIMO-OFDM系统中的空时频编码技术，研究的主要内容及研究成果如下：
首先，阐述了本文的研究背景和意义，介绍了无线通信发展的概况，MIMO-OFDM系统的空时频编码技术的研究现状及未来的发展方向。
其次，对无线通信的信道特性进行了介绍和分析，介绍了MIMO系统、OFDM系统、空时分组编码（STBC）原理，重点研究了MIMO-OFDM-STBC系统，分析了MIMO-OFDM-STBC系统性能，并对其误码率性能进行了性能仿真和比较。
然后，重点对MIMO-OFDM系统的空时频编码(STFC)进行了研究：从空时频编码成对错误概率出发，研究了空时频编码(STFC)的设计准则。为了减少空时频码编译码(STFC)复杂度，同时保持分集增益和编码增益，研究了基于子载波分组的空时频分组编码(STFBC)，根据其设计准则，该系统能获得最大分集增益，还能获得最大的编码增益。为了在发送天线数大于2时空时频分组码(STFBC)能获得满码率，同时保持满分集增益，本文研究了一种准正交空时频分组编码(QOSTFBC)方法，该方法不仅能获得最大的分集增益，还能获得满码率。该方法的仿真结果表明，本文所研究的QOSTFBC方法，虽能在性能上比STFBC得性能要差点，但是该方法能获得满码率，频谱利用率得到提高。为了进一步提高空时频分组编码(STFBC)的系统性能，结合串行级联编码思想，本文提出了一种串行级联空时频分组编码(SCSTFBC)方法，该编码方法在保持STFBC码满分集增益的基础上，该方法的编码增益比之空时频分组编码(STFBC)的编码增益有了较大的提高。仿真结果表明，在较高信噪比下，本文所提出的SCSTFBC方法比空时频分组编码(STFBC)方法，其比特误码率性能和编码增益都得到了有效的改善。
最后，提出了一种新的基于扩展码的空时频编码方法，该方法通过构造扩展码，把数据符号扩展到时域、空域、频域上，然后通过设置合适的参数，使系统在频率选择性衰落信道下获得满空间分集和满频率分集，由于在接收端使用的是MMSE检测，所以其译码复杂度不高。仿真结果表明，随着发收天线数的增加，本文建议方法的性能得到不断地改善，且与STFBC方法相比，本文所提的方法要好4dB左右。
Multiple input multiple output (MIMO) is well known as a great breakthrough in smartantenna techniques of wireless mobile communication areas. It can exponentially improve thesystem capacity and spectral efficiency by transmiting the different information with differenttransmits with the same spectral band. The Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)has the ability to overcome the multi-path interference and frequency selective fading. TheMIMO-OFDM system which combined MIMO and OFDM can future improve the transfer rates,enhanced communication reliability, and provide better performance. It is a most promisingcommunication system for the future wireless communication.
In order to make full use of the diversity gain benefits in MIMO-OFDM system, theMIMO-OFDM system combining with space-time coding not only make full use of the MIMOsystem、OFDM system advantage respectively and but also get the diversity gain. whiletheoretically it is proved that the system can obtain the maximum diversity gain for the product oftransmit antennas, receive antenna number and multipath number, namely the full diversity gain.However, the existing MIMO-OFDM system can not ensure the full diversity gain under thespace-time coding ( STC ), therefore, to ensure the full diversity gain in the MIMO-OFDMsystem, space-time-frequency coding ( STFC ) in MIMO-OFDM system is put forward. In thispaper, space time frequency coding technology is studied detailly in the MIMO-OFDM system.
First of all, the paper describes the research background and the significance, introduced thegeneral situation of the development of wireless communication, MIMO-OFDM system codingtechnology research and the development direction in the future.
Secondly, the wireless communication channel characteristics are introduced and analyzed,introduced MIMO system, OFDM system, STBC principle, focuses on the analysis ofMIMO-OFDM-STBC system, MIMO-OFDM-STBC system performance, and the performanceof BER performance is analysed and compared.
Then, focus on MIMO-OFDM system space-time-frequency coding ( STFC ): fromspace-time-frequency coding pairwise error probability, studied space-time-frequency coding( STFC ) design guidelines. In order to reduce the complexity of the space time frequency code( STFC ) and maintain the diversity gain and coding gain, space-time-frequency block coding( STFBC ) is studied based on subcarrier grouping, according to the design criteria, the systemcan obtain the maximum diversity gain and the maximum coding gain.when transmit antennanumber is larger than 2, In order to obtain a full rate in the space time frequency block code ( STFBC ) and maintain the full diversity gain, a kind of quasi orthogonal space time frequencyblock coding ( QOSTFBC ) method is proposed, the method can not only obtain the maximumdiversity gain and but also obtain full rate. The simulation resulus show that the performance ofthe proposed mothod is less than STFBC,but the mothod can obtain the full rate ,the efficiency offrequency spectrum can be increased. In order to further improve the system performance ofspace time frequency block coding ( STFBC ), combined with serial concatenated coding theory,this paper presents a serial concatenated space time frequency block coding ( SCSTFBC ) method.on the basis of maintaining the full diversity gain of STFBC,the coding gain of SCSTFBC isgreatly improved than STFBC.The simulation results show that, in the higher SNR, the proposedmethod is better than STFBC, and the performance of bit error rate and coding gain can beeffectively improved.
Finally, this paper puts forward a new space-time-frequency coding method on basis ofspreading code, this method does not use the existing space-time codes to construct aspace-time-frequency coding and apply the concept of spreading code in the OFDM-CDMAsystem, the data symbols are spreaded to the time domain, spatial domain, frequency domain, andthen by setting appropriate parameters, the system can obtain full spatial diversity and fullfrequency diversity in frequency selective fading channel, because the receiver use MMSEdetection, the decoding complexity is not high. The simulation results show that, with the increaseof the number of ransmit antennas and receive antenna number, the proposed method is improvedcontinually ,and the BER performance of the proposed method is 4 dB than STFBC.
为了在MIMO-OFDM系统中充分利用分集增益带来的好处，结合空时编码(STC)技术的MIMO-OFDM系统，不仅充分利用MIMO系统、OFDM系统各自的优势，还利用了分集增益，虽能从理论上证明了其系统能获得的最大分集增益为发、收天线数以及多径数的乘积，即满分集增益。但是，现有的MIMO-OFDM系统下的空时编码（STC）不能保证获得满分集增益，因此，为了在MIMO-OFDM系统下得到满分集增益，MIMO-OFDM系统的空时频编码（STFC）被提出。
本文送入详细研究了MIMO-OFDM系统中的空时频编码技术，研究的主要内容及研究成果如下：
首先，阐述了本文的研究背景和意义，介绍了无线通信发展的概况，MIMO-OFDM系统的空时频编码技术的研究现状及未来的发展方向。
其次，对无线通信的信道特性进行了介绍和分析，介绍了MIMO系统、OFDM系统、空时分组编码（STBC）原理，重点研究了MIMO-OFDM-STBC系统，分析了MIMO-OFDM-STBC系统性能，并对其误码率性能进行了性能仿真和比较。
然后，重点对MIMO-OFDM系统的空时频编码(STFC)进行了研究：从空时频编码成对错误概率出发，研究了空时频编码(STFC)的设计准则。为了减少空时频码编译码(STFC)复杂度，同时保持分集增益和编码增益，研究了基于子载波分组的空时频分组编码(STFBC)，根据其设计准则，该系统能获得最大分集增益，还能获得最大的编码增益。为了在发送天线数大于2时空时频分组码(STFBC)能获得满码率，同时保持满分集增益，本文研究了一种准正交空时频分组编码(QOSTFBC)方法，该方法不仅能获得最大的分集增益，还能获得满码率。该方法的仿真结果表明，本文所研究的QOSTFBC方法，虽能在性能上比STFBC得性能要差点，但是该方法能获得满码率，频谱利用率得到提高。为了进一步提高空时频分组编码(STFBC)的系统性能，结合串行级联编码思想，本文提出了一种串行级联空时频分组编码(SCSTFBC)方法，该编码方法在保持STFBC码满分集增益的基础上，该方法的编码增益比之空时频分组编码(STFBC)的编码增益有了较大的提高。仿真结果表明，在较高信噪比下，本文所提出的SCSTFBC方法比空时频分组编码(STFBC)方法，其比特误码率性能和编码增益都得到了有效的改善。
最后，提出了一种新的基于扩展码的空时频编码方法，该方法通过构造扩展码，把数据符号扩展到时域、空域、频域上，然后通过设置合适的参数，使系统在频率选择性衰落信道下获得满空间分集和满频率分集，由于在接收端使用的是MMSE检测，所以其译码复杂度不高。仿真结果表明，随着发收天线数的增加，本文建议方法的性能得到不断地改善，且与STFBC方法相比，本文所提的方法要好4dB左右。
Multiple input multiple output (MIMO) is well known as a great breakthrough in smartantenna techniques of wireless mobile communication areas. It can exponentially improve thesystem capacity and spectral efficiency by transmiting the different information with differenttransmits with the same spectral band. The Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)has the ability to overcome the multi-path interference and frequency selective fading. TheMIMO-OFDM system which combined MIMO and OFDM can future improve the transfer rates,enhanced communication reliability, and provide better performance. It is a most promisingcommunication system for the future wireless communication.
In order to make full use of the diversity gain benefits in MIMO-OFDM system, theMIMO-OFDM system combining with space-time coding not only make full use of the MIMOsystem、OFDM system advantage respectively and but also get the diversity gain. whiletheoretically it is proved that the system can obtain the maximum diversity gain for the product oftransmit antennas, receive antenna number and multipath number, namely the full diversity gain.However, the existing MIMO-OFDM system can not ensure the full diversity gain under thespace-time coding ( STC ), therefore, to ensure the full diversity gain in the MIMO-OFDMsystem, space-time-frequency coding ( STFC ) in MIMO-OFDM system is put forward. In thispaper, space time frequency coding technology is studied detailly in the MIMO-OFDM system.
First of all, the paper describes the research background and the significance, introduced thegeneral situation of the development of wireless communication, MIMO-OFDM system codingtechnology research and the development direction in the future.
Secondly, the wireless communication channel characteristics are introduced and analyzed,introduced MIMO system, OFDM system, STBC principle, focuses on the analysis ofMIMO-OFDM-STBC system, MIMO-OFDM-STBC system performance, and the performanceof BER performance is analysed and compared.
Then, focus on MIMO-OFDM system space-time-frequency coding ( STFC ): fromspace-time-frequency coding pairwise error probability, studied space-time-frequency coding( STFC ) design guidelines. In order to reduce the complexity of the space time frequency code( STFC ) and maintain the diversity gain and coding gain, space-time-frequency block coding( STFBC ) is studied based on subcarrier grouping, according to the design criteria, the systemcan obtain the maximum diversity gain and the maximum coding gain.when transmit antennanumber is larger than 2, In order to obtain a full rate in the space time frequency block code ( STFBC ) and maintain the full diversity gain, a kind of quasi orthogonal space time frequencyblock coding ( QOSTFBC ) method is proposed, the method can not only obtain the maximumdiversity gain and but also obtain full rate. The simulation resulus show that the performance ofthe proposed mothod is less than STFBC,but the mothod can obtain the full rate ,the efficiency offrequency spectrum can be increased. In order to further improve the system performance ofspace time frequency block coding ( STFBC ), combined with serial concatenated coding theory,this paper presents a serial concatenated space time frequency block coding ( SCSTFBC ) method.on the basis of maintaining the full diversity gain of STFBC,the coding gain of SCSTFBC isgreatly improved than STFBC.The simulation results show that, in the higher SNR, the proposedmethod is better than STFBC, and the performance of bit error rate and coding gain can beeffectively improved.
Finally, this paper puts forward a new space-time-frequency coding method on basis ofspreading code, this method does not use the existing space-time codes to construct aspace-time-frequency coding and apply the concept of spreading code in the OFDM-CDMAsystem, the data symbols are spreaded to the time domain, spatial domain, frequency domain, andthen by setting appropriate parameters, the system can obtain full spatial diversity and fullfrequency diversity in frequency selective fading channel, because the receiver use MMSEdetection, the decoding complexity is not high. The simulation results show that, with the increaseof the number of ransmit antennas and receive antenna number, the proposed method is improvedcontinually ,and the BER performance of the proposed method is 4 dB than STFBC.
引文
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