短程硝化—厌氧氨氧化工艺处理高氮废水的研究
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摘要
短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化脱氮技术是根据短程硝化反应及厌氧氨氧化反应开发的新型脱氮技术,具有不需外加碳源、运行费用低、节省供氧量及能耗等优点,国内外学者曾对其进行大量的实验、理论分析和应用研究,取得一些研究成果。本研究在总结前人研究成果的基础上,利用模拟废水启动短程硝化和厌氧氨氧化反应器,对短程硝化和厌氧氨氧化反应过程影响因素及其适宜的控制范围进行了研究,其中相关因素有氨氮负荷、pH、有机物、溶解氧(DO)和污泥龄等,同时评估了短程硝化反应器与厌氧氨氧化反应器组合成新型脱氮系统的可行性、得出该系统的脱氮效率,最后研究了该工艺处理污泥压滤液的脱氮情况。主要研究结果如下:
1)采用完全混合悬浮生长活性污泥法工艺,进水为自配模拟废水,控制温度为30±0.5℃,pH值为7.8-8.2,DO浓度为1.0-1.5mg/L,HRT=1.25d,每隔1d回流部分活性污泥,在进水NH_4~+-N浓度为210mg/L,COD浓度为300mg/L条件下,经过80d运行成功实现了短程硝化,亚硝化积累率达95%以上。
2)DO宜控制在1.0-1.5mg/L之内,过高或过低都不利于实现稳定的短程硝化反应。本试验的进水水质条件下,污泥龄(SRT)宜控制在2-3d;同时oH值维持在8-9时,有利于实现稳定的短程硝化。试验过程中,提高NH_4~+-N浓度至420mg/L时,反应器仍然保持较高的亚硝化积累率,出水NO_3~--N很低或几乎检测不到,说明较高NH_4~+-N负荷对亚硝化菌的影响不大,但是会严重影响硝化菌的活性和数量。
3)为实现匹配后续厌氧氨氧化的短程硝化反应,将反应器内DO控制在0.5-1.0mg/L以内,适当减少回流污泥量,同时增大进水流速,将HRT提高至1d,加快反应器内污泥更新程度。经过20多天运行,成功实现了稳定的匹配厌氧氨氧化反应的短程硝化反应,出水NH_4~+-N和NO_2~--N浓度平均值分别为71.29mg/L和89.01mg/L,NO_2~--N浓度与NH_4~+-N浓度的比值一直维持在1.25左右。
4)将硝化污泥接种到上流式厌氧生物膜反应器,采用含氮模拟废水,在进水pH值为8.0、温度为30±0.5℃的条件下运行120d,成功启动了实验室规模的ANAMMOX反应器,总氮容积负荷为0.109kg/(m~3·d),NH_4~+-N和NO_2~--N去除率分别为86.68%和96.04%,NH_4~+-N去除量、NO_2~-N去除量及NO_3~--N的生成量比值为1:1.16:0.30。
5)ANAMMOX反应器启动成功后具有较强的处理高氮废水的能力。进水NH_4~+-N和NO_2~--N浓度升高至250mg/L,即总氮浓度为500mg/L时,NH_4~+-N、NO_2~--N的去除率以及总氮去除率平均值可达74.84%、86.33%和69.74%。当进水NH_4~+-N和NO_2~--N浓度升高至300mg/L,即总氮浓度为600mg/L时,NH_4~+-N、NO_2~--N去除率的平均值分别下降至66.90%、77.22%,总氮去除率平均值下降至62.1%,初步判断是由于氨氮负荷过大引起反应器内NO_2~--N积累而导致厌氧氨氧化反应受到抑制。
6)ANAMMOX反应器的HRT不宜过低,要保证反应器出水NH_4~+-N满足污水排放一级标准,HRT不宜低于10h。HRT保持在20-25h以内时,能使反应器出水取得较好效果,总氮去除率能保证在80%以上,各基质去除率达到90%以上。
7)当采用模拟废水对短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化工艺进行研究时。在进水COD为300mg/L,NH_4~+-N浓度为210mg/L的情况下,COD总去除率的平均值为84.25%,NH_4~+-N、总氮的平均去除率分别为93.23%、87.06%,整个过程运行稳定。当采用污泥压滤液作为整个工艺的进水时,也取得较好的去除效果。经过约29d的运行,整个工艺脱氮效果达到稳定,总氮去除率平均值为87.16%,出水中NH_4~+-N、NO_2~--N、NO_3~--N平均浓度分别为13.86mg/L、8.95mg/L、2.55mg/L,氨氮含量完全可以达到国家排放标准,表明该脱氮工艺在技术上是可行的。
The partial nitrification-anaerobic ammonia oxidation(ANAMMOX)is a sort of new nitrogen removal process based on the biological reaction of partial nitrification and ANAMMOX,and has advantages of no organic carbon addition,low operating cost,low oxygen consumption and energy consumption.Plenty of experiments, theoretical analysis and application research on this object have been performed,and have bought about a lot of results by many investigators.On the bassis of summarizing the results,partial nitrification reactor and Anammox reactor were started up by synthetic wastewater,respectively,and the influence factors such as ammonia loading rate,temperment,pH,organic substrate,DO and SRT were studied. Then the performance of the system for partial nitrification-ANAMMOX was studied with synthetic wastrwater and sludge dewatering effluent,respectively.The main results were as follows:
1)When temperature at 30±0.5℃,influent pH at 7.8-8.2、DO concentration at 1.0-1.5 mg/L and HRT at 1.25 d,partial nitrification reactor was successfully started up in 80 d with influent NH_4~+-N concentration at 210 mg/L and COD concentration at 300 mg/L.The results showed,NO_2~--N accumulation rate was above 95%.
2)Low DO condition is beneficial to nitrosobacteria to gain advantages in competition.If DO is too low or two high,it could not favorable to partial nitrification. The NHa_4~+-N removal rate and NO_2~--N accumulation rate was kept in a high level when DO controlled at the range of 1.0-1.5 mg/L.On this test,SRT at 2-3 d and pH value at high level(pH=8-9)was beneficial for the formation of partial nitrification. The partial nitrification reactor can perform well when concentration of NH_4~+-N increase to 420 mg/L,the tests indicated that ammonia loading rate has little effect on nitrosobacteria,but it has great effect on the activity of nitrobacteria.
3)When the DO concentration controlled at 0.5-1.0 mg/L、sewage sludge return flow rate properly reduced and HRT controlled at ld,the partial nitrification matching with ANAMMOX was successfully achieved in about 20 d.The results showed that the average concentration of effluent NH_4~+-N,NO_2~--N were 71.29 mg/L and 89.01 mg/L,respectively.And the ratio of effluent NH_4~--N and NO_2~--N were still maintained in about 1.25.
4)When influent pH kept at 8.0 and the temperature kept at 30±0.5℃,the ANAMMOX bioreactor was successfully started up in 120d with the nitrification biofilm as inoculum.The results showed,the volumetric total nitrogen loading rate was 0.109 kg/(m~3·d),the removal rate of NH_4~+-N、NO_2~--N and total nitrogen were 86.68%、96.04%and 81.05%,individually.The ratio of NH_4~--N removal,NO_2~--N removal and NO_3~--N production was 1:1.16:0.30.
5)The ANAMMOX reactor have high ability in wastewater treatment of high concentration nitrogen.The average removal rate of NH_4~+-N、NO_2~--N and total nitrogen were 74.84%、86.33%and 69.74%when influent NH_4~--N concentration and NO_2~--N concentration at 250 mg/L,and total nitrogen concentration at 500 mg/L. When influent NH_4~--N concentration and NO_2~--N concentration increased to 300 mg/L,and total nitrogen concentration increased to 600 mg/L,the average removal rate of total nitrogen was reduced to 62.10%.The reason is that the ANAMMOX reaction was inhibited by the high NO_2~--N concentration in the ANAMMOX reactor induced by high nitrogen load.
6)In order to keep the effluent ammonia meet the national discharge standard I, the HRT should not be kept lower than 10 h.The removal rate of total nitrogen was above 80%,and the removal rate of other substrates were above 90%while HRT at the range of 20-25h.
7)The performance of the system for partial nitrification-ANAMMOX was studied with synthetic wastrwater.When influent COD concentration at 300 mg/and NH_4~--N concentration at 210 mg/L,COD average removal rate of the whole nitrogen removal system was 84.25%,average removal rate of NH_4~+-N and total nitrogen were 93.23%and 87.06%,respectively.Then the performance of the system for partial nitrification-ANAMMOX was studied with sludge dewatering effluent.The whole nitrogen removal system reach stable in 29 d.The average total nitrogen removal rate was 87.16%.The average concentration of effluent NH_4~--N、NO_2~--N、NO_3~--N were 13.86 mg/L、8.95 mg/L、2.55 mg/L,respectively.The effluent ammonia can meet the discharge standard of nation,and it showed that this nitrogen removal technology is feasible in technology.
1)采用完全混合悬浮生长活性污泥法工艺,进水为自配模拟废水,控制温度为30±0.5℃,pH值为7.8-8.2,DO浓度为1.0-1.5mg/L,HRT=1.25d,每隔1d回流部分活性污泥,在进水NH_4~+-N浓度为210mg/L,COD浓度为300mg/L条件下,经过80d运行成功实现了短程硝化,亚硝化积累率达95%以上。
2)DO宜控制在1.0-1.5mg/L之内,过高或过低都不利于实现稳定的短程硝化反应。本试验的进水水质条件下,污泥龄(SRT)宜控制在2-3d;同时oH值维持在8-9时,有利于实现稳定的短程硝化。试验过程中,提高NH_4~+-N浓度至420mg/L时,反应器仍然保持较高的亚硝化积累率,出水NO_3~--N很低或几乎检测不到,说明较高NH_4~+-N负荷对亚硝化菌的影响不大,但是会严重影响硝化菌的活性和数量。
3)为实现匹配后续厌氧氨氧化的短程硝化反应,将反应器内DO控制在0.5-1.0mg/L以内,适当减少回流污泥量,同时增大进水流速,将HRT提高至1d,加快反应器内污泥更新程度。经过20多天运行,成功实现了稳定的匹配厌氧氨氧化反应的短程硝化反应,出水NH_4~+-N和NO_2~--N浓度平均值分别为71.29mg/L和89.01mg/L,NO_2~--N浓度与NH_4~+-N浓度的比值一直维持在1.25左右。
4)将硝化污泥接种到上流式厌氧生物膜反应器,采用含氮模拟废水,在进水pH值为8.0、温度为30±0.5℃的条件下运行120d,成功启动了实验室规模的ANAMMOX反应器,总氮容积负荷为0.109kg/(m~3·d),NH_4~+-N和NO_2~--N去除率分别为86.68%和96.04%,NH_4~+-N去除量、NO_2~-N去除量及NO_3~--N的生成量比值为1:1.16:0.30。
5)ANAMMOX反应器启动成功后具有较强的处理高氮废水的能力。进水NH_4~+-N和NO_2~--N浓度升高至250mg/L,即总氮浓度为500mg/L时,NH_4~+-N、NO_2~--N的去除率以及总氮去除率平均值可达74.84%、86.33%和69.74%。当进水NH_4~+-N和NO_2~--N浓度升高至300mg/L,即总氮浓度为600mg/L时,NH_4~+-N、NO_2~--N去除率的平均值分别下降至66.90%、77.22%,总氮去除率平均值下降至62.1%,初步判断是由于氨氮负荷过大引起反应器内NO_2~--N积累而导致厌氧氨氧化反应受到抑制。
6)ANAMMOX反应器的HRT不宜过低,要保证反应器出水NH_4~+-N满足污水排放一级标准,HRT不宜低于10h。HRT保持在20-25h以内时,能使反应器出水取得较好效果,总氮去除率能保证在80%以上,各基质去除率达到90%以上。
7)当采用模拟废水对短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化工艺进行研究时。在进水COD为300mg/L,NH_4~+-N浓度为210mg/L的情况下,COD总去除率的平均值为84.25%,NH_4~+-N、总氮的平均去除率分别为93.23%、87.06%,整个过程运行稳定。当采用污泥压滤液作为整个工艺的进水时,也取得较好的去除效果。经过约29d的运行,整个工艺脱氮效果达到稳定,总氮去除率平均值为87.16%,出水中NH_4~+-N、NO_2~--N、NO_3~--N平均浓度分别为13.86mg/L、8.95mg/L、2.55mg/L,氨氮含量完全可以达到国家排放标准,表明该脱氮工艺在技术上是可行的。
The partial nitrification-anaerobic ammonia oxidation(ANAMMOX)is a sort of new nitrogen removal process based on the biological reaction of partial nitrification and ANAMMOX,and has advantages of no organic carbon addition,low operating cost,low oxygen consumption and energy consumption.Plenty of experiments, theoretical analysis and application research on this object have been performed,and have bought about a lot of results by many investigators.On the bassis of summarizing the results,partial nitrification reactor and Anammox reactor were started up by synthetic wastewater,respectively,and the influence factors such as ammonia loading rate,temperment,pH,organic substrate,DO and SRT were studied. Then the performance of the system for partial nitrification-ANAMMOX was studied with synthetic wastrwater and sludge dewatering effluent,respectively.The main results were as follows:
1)When temperature at 30±0.5℃,influent pH at 7.8-8.2、DO concentration at 1.0-1.5 mg/L and HRT at 1.25 d,partial nitrification reactor was successfully started up in 80 d with influent NH_4~+-N concentration at 210 mg/L and COD concentration at 300 mg/L.The results showed,NO_2~--N accumulation rate was above 95%.
2)Low DO condition is beneficial to nitrosobacteria to gain advantages in competition.If DO is too low or two high,it could not favorable to partial nitrification. The NHa_4~+-N removal rate and NO_2~--N accumulation rate was kept in a high level when DO controlled at the range of 1.0-1.5 mg/L.On this test,SRT at 2-3 d and pH value at high level(pH=8-9)was beneficial for the formation of partial nitrification. The partial nitrification reactor can perform well when concentration of NH_4~+-N increase to 420 mg/L,the tests indicated that ammonia loading rate has little effect on nitrosobacteria,but it has great effect on the activity of nitrobacteria.
3)When the DO concentration controlled at 0.5-1.0 mg/L、sewage sludge return flow rate properly reduced and HRT controlled at ld,the partial nitrification matching with ANAMMOX was successfully achieved in about 20 d.The results showed that the average concentration of effluent NH_4~+-N,NO_2~--N were 71.29 mg/L and 89.01 mg/L,respectively.And the ratio of effluent NH_4~--N and NO_2~--N were still maintained in about 1.25.
4)When influent pH kept at 8.0 and the temperature kept at 30±0.5℃,the ANAMMOX bioreactor was successfully started up in 120d with the nitrification biofilm as inoculum.The results showed,the volumetric total nitrogen loading rate was 0.109 kg/(m~3·d),the removal rate of NH_4~+-N、NO_2~--N and total nitrogen were 86.68%、96.04%and 81.05%,individually.The ratio of NH_4~--N removal,NO_2~--N removal and NO_3~--N production was 1:1.16:0.30.
5)The ANAMMOX reactor have high ability in wastewater treatment of high concentration nitrogen.The average removal rate of NH_4~+-N、NO_2~--N and total nitrogen were 74.84%、86.33%and 69.74%when influent NH_4~--N concentration and NO_2~--N concentration at 250 mg/L,and total nitrogen concentration at 500 mg/L. When influent NH_4~--N concentration and NO_2~--N concentration increased to 300 mg/L,and total nitrogen concentration increased to 600 mg/L,the average removal rate of total nitrogen was reduced to 62.10%.The reason is that the ANAMMOX reaction was inhibited by the high NO_2~--N concentration in the ANAMMOX reactor induced by high nitrogen load.
6)In order to keep the effluent ammonia meet the national discharge standard I, the HRT should not be kept lower than 10 h.The removal rate of total nitrogen was above 80%,and the removal rate of other substrates were above 90%while HRT at the range of 20-25h.
7)The performance of the system for partial nitrification-ANAMMOX was studied with synthetic wastrwater.When influent COD concentration at 300 mg/and NH_4~--N concentration at 210 mg/L,COD average removal rate of the whole nitrogen removal system was 84.25%,average removal rate of NH_4~+-N and total nitrogen were 93.23%and 87.06%,respectively.Then the performance of the system for partial nitrification-ANAMMOX was studied with sludge dewatering effluent.The whole nitrogen removal system reach stable in 29 d.The average total nitrogen removal rate was 87.16%.The average concentration of effluent NH_4~--N、NO_2~--N、NO_3~--N were 13.86 mg/L、8.95 mg/L、2.55 mg/L,respectively.The effluent ammonia can meet the discharge standard of nation,and it showed that this nitrogen removal technology is feasible in technology.
引文
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