不耦合条件下导爆索起爆性能的研究
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摘要
导爆索起爆技术在工程爆破中广泛应用,不耦合装药条件对导爆索的起爆性能有着重要影响。本文对多种不耦合装药条件下导爆索起爆性能进行了分析,从爆轰理论分析、数值仿真模拟、爆破实验和工程实践应用等四个方面开展具体的研究。通过这四部分相互验证和完善,得到不耦合装药条件下导爆索起爆物理实质,推导、拟合出炮孔内空气冲击波峰值超压及其作用时间的衰减计算式,并将拟合公式与爆破实验结果相结合,总结出影响导爆索起爆技术的因素。本文主要内容和获得的研究成果如下。
(1)根据爆轰物理,建立了导爆索孔内起爆的物理模型。该模型假设导爆索紧贴炮孔内壁,且炮孔内只有导爆索和空气两种物质,炮孔壁是完整和刚性的。利用冲击波理论,推测孔内导爆索爆炸产生空气冲击波的传播过程。根据爆炸相似率和量纲分析理论,推导出空气冲击波峰值超压及其作用时间的经验公式。
(2)采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA3D对导爆索起爆技术进行数值模拟,得到空气冲击波在炮孔内的传播规律,并拟合回归得出冲击波超压经验公式中的参数。
(3)为测试空气不耦合条件对导爆索起爆能力的影响,进行了爆破实验。实验证明在空气间隙约为25mm、不耦合系数约为2.0的条件下,导爆索成功起爆乳化炸药。把拟合公式与爆破实验结果进行对比,发现拟合公式计算值偏小于爆破实验值,表明乳化炸药药卷影响了管内空气冲击波的传播。
(4)对爆炸冲击波在多种介质材料的传播进行理论分析和数值模拟,结果表明介质材料性质显著影响冲击波的传播。
The detonating cord initiation technology has been widely used in blasting. Decoupling charge condition has a significant impact on the initiation performance of the detonating cord.This paper analyzes the initiation performance of the detonating cord under many different decoupling charge conditions.lt is carried out by four specific researches--detonation theory analysis, numerical simulation, blasting experiment verification and engineering practical application. Through the mutual authentication and improvement of the four parts,we obtained the physical essence of the detonating cord initiation under decoupling charge conditions, derived and fitted the attenuation formula of the air shock wave peak overpressure and its action time within the blast hole. On this basis,we combined the attenuation formula and the results of the blasting experiments, concluded the factors which impact the performance of detonating cord initiation. The main contents and results obtained are as follows.
(1) According to detonation physics, the physical model of initiation technology within the detonating cord hole was established.This model assumed that the detonating cord closed to the inner wall of the blast hole, there were only detonating cord and air in the blast hole, and the blast hole wall was unbroken and rigid. Using the shock wave theory,we tried to infer the propagation process of air shock wave which generated during the explosion within the blast hole. Based on the explosion similar rate and the dimensional analysis theory, the emprical formula of the air shock wave peak overpressure and its action time were derived.
(2)Using ANSYS/LS-DYNA3D to conduct the numerical simulation of the detonating cord initiation technology, we found the law of air shock wave propagation within the blast hole and fitted the parameters of return shock overpressure emprical formula.
(3) In order to test the effect of air decoupling condition on the performance of detonating cord initiation, the blasting experiments were conducted. The results showed that under the conditions that air gap is 25mm and decoupling coefficient is 2.0, the detonating cord can detonate the emulsion explosives successfully.Comparing the fitting formula to the results of blasting experiments,we found that the value of fitting formula was smaller than the value of blasting experiments.It indicates that the cartridges of emulsion explosives have effect on the propagation of air shock wave within the blast hole.
(4) Throngh theoretical analysis and numerical simulation of blast wave propagation in some dielectric material, it shows that the properties of the dielectric material have significant effects on the propagation of shock wave.
(1)根据爆轰物理,建立了导爆索孔内起爆的物理模型。该模型假设导爆索紧贴炮孔内壁,且炮孔内只有导爆索和空气两种物质,炮孔壁是完整和刚性的。利用冲击波理论,推测孔内导爆索爆炸产生空气冲击波的传播过程。根据爆炸相似率和量纲分析理论,推导出空气冲击波峰值超压及其作用时间的经验公式。
(2)采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA3D对导爆索起爆技术进行数值模拟,得到空气冲击波在炮孔内的传播规律,并拟合回归得出冲击波超压经验公式中的参数。
(3)为测试空气不耦合条件对导爆索起爆能力的影响,进行了爆破实验。实验证明在空气间隙约为25mm、不耦合系数约为2.0的条件下,导爆索成功起爆乳化炸药。把拟合公式与爆破实验结果进行对比,发现拟合公式计算值偏小于爆破实验值,表明乳化炸药药卷影响了管内空气冲击波的传播。
(4)对爆炸冲击波在多种介质材料的传播进行理论分析和数值模拟,结果表明介质材料性质显著影响冲击波的传播。
The detonating cord initiation technology has been widely used in blasting. Decoupling charge condition has a significant impact on the initiation performance of the detonating cord.This paper analyzes the initiation performance of the detonating cord under many different decoupling charge conditions.lt is carried out by four specific researches--detonation theory analysis, numerical simulation, blasting experiment verification and engineering practical application. Through the mutual authentication and improvement of the four parts,we obtained the physical essence of the detonating cord initiation under decoupling charge conditions, derived and fitted the attenuation formula of the air shock wave peak overpressure and its action time within the blast hole. On this basis,we combined the attenuation formula and the results of the blasting experiments, concluded the factors which impact the performance of detonating cord initiation. The main contents and results obtained are as follows.
(1) According to detonation physics, the physical model of initiation technology within the detonating cord hole was established.This model assumed that the detonating cord closed to the inner wall of the blast hole, there were only detonating cord and air in the blast hole, and the blast hole wall was unbroken and rigid. Using the shock wave theory,we tried to infer the propagation process of air shock wave which generated during the explosion within the blast hole. Based on the explosion similar rate and the dimensional analysis theory, the emprical formula of the air shock wave peak overpressure and its action time were derived.
(2)Using ANSYS/LS-DYNA3D to conduct the numerical simulation of the detonating cord initiation technology, we found the law of air shock wave propagation within the blast hole and fitted the parameters of return shock overpressure emprical formula.
(3) In order to test the effect of air decoupling condition on the performance of detonating cord initiation, the blasting experiments were conducted. The results showed that under the conditions that air gap is 25mm and decoupling coefficient is 2.0, the detonating cord can detonate the emulsion explosives successfully.Comparing the fitting formula to the results of blasting experiments,we found that the value of fitting formula was smaller than the value of blasting experiments.It indicates that the cartridges of emulsion explosives have effect on the propagation of air shock wave within the blast hole.
(4) Throngh theoretical analysis and numerical simulation of blast wave propagation in some dielectric material, it shows that the properties of the dielectric material have significant effects on the propagation of shock wave.
引文
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[23]李翼祺.马素贞.爆炸力学[M].北京：科学出版社,1992.
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[25]W.E.贝克.空中爆炸[M].北京：原子能出版社,1982.
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[28]陈军.超压爆轰产物状态及相关现象研究：[博士学位论文].绵阳,中国工程物理研究院,2008.
[29]吴世永,张鸵,卢芳云.坑道内爆炸波的传播规律研究[J].地下空间工程与学报,,2010,,6(4).
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