空气间隔装药预裂爆破技术应用研究
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摘要
论文分析了国内外预裂爆破空气间隔装药技术的研究现状,并提出了在山区公路修建中使用该技术的必要性和迫切性。通过理论分析、数值模拟和现场测试确定了预裂爆破空气间隔装药技术的可靠性和实用性,并总结出其相对于传统装药技术的优越性。在理论分析的基础上,数值建模研究了空气间隔装药预裂爆破中最佳纵向不耦合系数。同时,将数值模拟结果用于了工程实际现场测试。主要内容如下：
(1)对岩石爆破机理、岩石爆破理论模型(弹性理论模型、断裂理论模型、爆破损伤模型)以及爆破损伤变量进行了详细阐述,为本文研究提供理论支持。
(2)在爆破理论的支持下,利用ANSYS10.0/LS-DYNA程序进行有限元分析。在不同孔间距及装药长度情况下,进行纵向不耦合装药预裂爆破的数值模拟,得出最佳纵向不耦合系数范围。
(3)将模拟结论应用在工程实际中进行现场测试,观察其预裂爆破的效果,整理出具有应用价值的预裂爆破技术。
通过上述工作的进行,得出如下结论：对于Ⅲ类灰岩,在孔深12m(有效炮孔深度为10m)时,预裂爆破的最佳距离为0.8m、0.9m和1.0m,但是其相应的装药长度不尽相同,即两孔间距为0.8m时,空气间隔装药长度为2.2m,即纵向不耦合系数K=4.54可以得到良好的爆破效果；对于间距0.9～1.0m时,空气间隔装药长度为2.75～3.3m,即纵向不耦合系数在3.03～3.64范围内可取的良好的爆破效果。
This paper analyzes the domestic and international research of presplit blasting Air-deck Charge technology, and put forward the necessity and urgency of using this technology in the highway construction which through the mountains. We figure out the reliability and practicability of presplit blasting Air-deck Charge technology through the research method of theoretical analysis, field experiment, numerical simulation and so on. And compare it to conventional charge technology to sum up its superiority. After the theoretical analysis, the numerical modeling determined the best lengthways decoupling coefficient of the presplit blasting Air-deck Charge. In the meanwhile, to fed the numerical mocking back to the engineering practice. Its main points are as follows:
(1) Elaborated on the mechanism and theoretical model (elasticity-theory model, fracture-theory model,blasting-damage model) of rock-blasting and the damage variable of blasting.Providing theoretical support for this study.
(2) Based on the support of the theory of blasting, using ANSYS10.0/LS-DYNA program for finite element analysis. Taking the numerical modeling of longitudinal coupling charge presplit blasting in the case of different pitch of holes and charging length. Then finding out the best range of lengthways decoupling coefficient.
(3)Using the conclusion of numerical modeling in engineering practice for spot text, to observe the effect of presplit blasting and sort out a valuable technology of presplit blasting.
By the above-mentioned work, we have these conclusions:to class-3limestone, when the depth of blast hole is12meters(effective depth of blast hole is10meters), the best pitch of holes is0.8meters,0.9meters and1.0meters, but they have different charging length. When pitch of holes is0.8meters, the charging length is2.2meters, lengthways decoupling coefficient is4.54,it can get better effect of presplit blasting; When pitch of holes is0.9-1.0meters, the charging length is2.75-3.3meters,lengthways decoupling coefficient is3.03-3.64,it can get better effect of presplit blasting.
(1)对岩石爆破机理、岩石爆破理论模型(弹性理论模型、断裂理论模型、爆破损伤模型)以及爆破损伤变量进行了详细阐述,为本文研究提供理论支持。
(2)在爆破理论的支持下,利用ANSYS10.0/LS-DYNA程序进行有限元分析。在不同孔间距及装药长度情况下,进行纵向不耦合装药预裂爆破的数值模拟,得出最佳纵向不耦合系数范围。
(3)将模拟结论应用在工程实际中进行现场测试,观察其预裂爆破的效果,整理出具有应用价值的预裂爆破技术。
通过上述工作的进行,得出如下结论：对于Ⅲ类灰岩,在孔深12m(有效炮孔深度为10m)时,预裂爆破的最佳距离为0.8m、0.9m和1.0m,但是其相应的装药长度不尽相同,即两孔间距为0.8m时,空气间隔装药长度为2.2m,即纵向不耦合系数K=4.54可以得到良好的爆破效果；对于间距0.9～1.0m时,空气间隔装药长度为2.75～3.3m,即纵向不耦合系数在3.03～3.64范围内可取的良好的爆破效果。
This paper analyzes the domestic and international research of presplit blasting Air-deck Charge technology, and put forward the necessity and urgency of using this technology in the highway construction which through the mountains. We figure out the reliability and practicability of presplit blasting Air-deck Charge technology through the research method of theoretical analysis, field experiment, numerical simulation and so on. And compare it to conventional charge technology to sum up its superiority. After the theoretical analysis, the numerical modeling determined the best lengthways decoupling coefficient of the presplit blasting Air-deck Charge. In the meanwhile, to fed the numerical mocking back to the engineering practice. Its main points are as follows:
(1) Elaborated on the mechanism and theoretical model (elasticity-theory model, fracture-theory model,blasting-damage model) of rock-blasting and the damage variable of blasting.Providing theoretical support for this study.
(2) Based on the support of the theory of blasting, using ANSYS10.0/LS-DYNA program for finite element analysis. Taking the numerical modeling of longitudinal coupling charge presplit blasting in the case of different pitch of holes and charging length. Then finding out the best range of lengthways decoupling coefficient.
(3)Using the conclusion of numerical modeling in engineering practice for spot text, to observe the effect of presplit blasting and sort out a valuable technology of presplit blasting.
By the above-mentioned work, we have these conclusions:to class-3limestone, when the depth of blast hole is12meters(effective depth of blast hole is10meters), the best pitch of holes is0.8meters,0.9meters and1.0meters, but they have different charging length. When pitch of holes is0.8meters, the charging length is2.2meters, lengthways decoupling coefficient is4.54,it can get better effect of presplit blasting; When pitch of holes is0.9-1.0meters, the charging length is2.75-3.3meters,lengthways decoupling coefficient is3.03-3.64,it can get better effect of presplit blasting.
引文
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[12]Melnikov & Marchenkov. Effective methods of application of explosion[J]. Symposium on Rock Mechanics,1971,12(2):359-378.
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[14]D.S.Preece. Development and application of a 3D rock blast computer modeling capability using discrete elements.DMC.BLAST 3D.,Proc.,27Annual Conferenceon explosives and blasting technique, Orland, Florida USA.,2001(1):1-18.
[15]Pal Roy P.,Singh R.B.,Mondal S.K.Air-deck blasting in opencast mines using low cost wooden spacers for efficient utilisation of explosive energy.Journal of Mines,Metals&Fuels,v43,n8,Augl995:5-15
[16]Preece D.S,Chung SH.Multi-blasthole,multi-row,detonation delay timing simulation of rock blasting using.DMCBLASTes 3D.Proceedings of the 28th Annual Conference on Explosives and Blasting Technique, Vol.1 LAS VEGAS,NEVADA,FEB 10-13,2002:339-348
[17]周游,程康,陈世华.空气间隔装药技术在水布垭地下厂房开挖中的应用[J].爆破,2005,22(2)：56-57.
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[19]崇六喜,刘鹏程.预裂爆破在软岩路基开挖中的应用[J].矿业研究与开发,2000,20(6)：46-47.
[20]刘鹏程.地下大直径深孔空气间隔装药结构探讨[J].矿业研究与开发,1994,14(4)：24-28.
[21]王林,于亚伦.间隔装药对爆破破碎效果的影响[J].北京科技大学学报,1995,17(2)107-112
[22]史维升.不耦合装药条件下岩石爆破的理论研究和数值模拟[D].武汉：武汉科技大学硕士学位论文,2004：8-21.
[23]朱红兵.空气间隔装药爆破机理及应用研究[D].武汉：武汉大学博士学位论文,2006：12-48.
[24]程康,徐学勇,谢冰.工程爆破动力学基础[M].武汉：武汉理工大学出版社,2011：2-34.
[25]冯叔瑜,霍永基,杨振声.中国工程爆破技术发展历程与展望[C].深圳：工程爆破文集,1997：15-24.
[26]马建军.软岩巷道在周边爆破作用下的稳定性研究[D].北京：北京理工大学,2004：19-27.
[27]闫长斌.爆破作用下岩体积累损伤效应及其稳定性研究[D].长沙：中南大学博士学位论文,2006：23-48.
[28]唐海,李海波,周青青等.预裂爆破震动效应试验研究[J].岩土力学与工程学报, 2010,29(11)：2277-2284.
[29]杨军,金乾坤,黄凤雷.岩石爆破理论模型及数值计算[M].北京：科学出版社,1999：23-48.
[30]李裕春,时党勇,赵远.ANSYS 10.0 / LS-DYNA基础理论与工程实践[M].北京：中国水利水电出版社,2000：243-249.
[31]安世亚太.ANSYS/LS-DYNA使用指南(中文版)[M].北京：美国驻中国大使馆,1997：12-34.
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[33]谢鹰,赵金三,江新建.深孔爆破空气间隔装药的研究.采矿技术,第1卷第1期,2001年3月：37-39
[34]李翼祺,马素贞。爆炸力学[M]。北京：科学出版社,1992.
[35]惠君明,陈天云。炸药爆炸理论[M]。南京：江苏科学技术出版社,1995.
[36]戴俊.岩石动力学特性与爆破理论[M].北京：冶金工业出版社,2002.
[37]王家来,徐颖.应变波对岩体的损伤作用和爆生裂纹传播[J].爆炸与冲击,1995,15(3)：212-216.
[38]卢文波.岩石爆破中应力波的传播及其效应研究[D].武汉：武汉大学水利水电工程学院,1994
[39]曾新华.岩石爆破损伤影响范围研究[D].天津大学硕士学位论文.2003.
[40]张维世.空气柱间隔装药爆破法.露天采煤技术,1999年第4期：43-44
[41]王代华,刘军,柏德强.露天边坡在爆破作用下损伤特征的试验研究[J].煤炭学报,2004,29(5),532-535
[42]巫小川.临近建筑物岩体的谨慎爆破.火工品,2000(3)：30-33
[43]卢文波,舒大强,朱红兵等.空气间隔装药结构在轮廓爆破中的应用研究[A],中国爆破新技术[C],2004：296-301.
[44]寇明三,梁建银.控制爆破在竖井口的应用.爆破器材,第30卷第4期,1992：24-26
[45]李爱国.预裂爆破技术在公路边坡工程中的应用[J].爆破,2002,19(4)：24-26.
[46]朱金福.预裂爆破技术在公路石质路堑开挖中的应用[A].山西建筑.2010：275-276
[47]惠君明,陈天云.炸药爆炸理论[M].南京：江苏科学技术出版社,1995：34-38.
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[2]O'connell R J, Budiansky B. Elastic moduli of cracked solids[J]. Int. J. Solids Struct,1976, 12:81-95
[3]Kuszmaul J S. A New Constitution Model for Fragmentation of Rock Under Dynamic Loading. In:Proe of 2nd Int. Symp.on Frag. By Blasting, Keystone, Canada.,1987, 412-423
[4]Thome B J, HommertP J, Brown B. Experimental and Computational Investigation of the Fundamental Mechanisms of Cratering. In:Proe.of 3rd Int.S Symp.on Frag. By Blasting, Brisbane,1990,117-124
[5]Yang R, Brwden W F, Katsabanis P D. A New Constitutive Model for Blast Damage[J]. International Journal of Rock Meehanies & Mining Seiences,1996,33 (33):345-349
[6]Thorne B.J. Applicatin of a Damage Model for Rock Fragmentation to the Straigh Creek Mine Blast Experiments, SAND,91-0867,1991
[7]杨小林,王树仁.岩石爆破损伤及数值模拟[J].煤炭学报,2000,25(1),19-23
[8]田运生,张舒畅.岩巷爆破围岩损伤演化分析及损伤判据的建立[J].黄金,2005,26(8)：22-24
[9]高文学,刘运通.爆炸荷载下岩石损伤机理及其力学特性研究[J].岩土力学,2003,24(增2)：585-588
[10]Melnikov,charge construction influence on explosion operations efficiency,reports of the YI science symposium on drilling,explosives,explosion operations and study of physical and mechanical properties of rocks,(Rolla,USA),Gosgortekhizdat(1962)
[11]Melnikov, Charge construction influence on explosion operations efficiency[J]. Gosgortekhizdat, 1962,13(3):35-38.
[12]Melnikov & Marchenkov. Effective methods of application of explosion[J]. Symposium on Rock Mechanics,1971,12(2):359-378.
[13]Fourney, W.L; Barker, D.B; Holloway, D.C.Reference.Model studies of explosive well stimulation techniques. International journal of rock mechanics and mining sciences & Geomechanics abstractsv. 1981,18(2):113-127.
[14]D.S.Preece. Development and application of a 3D rock blast computer modeling capability using discrete elements.DMC.BLAST 3D.,Proc.,27Annual Conferenceon explosives and blasting technique, Orland, Florida USA.,2001(1):1-18.
[15]Pal Roy P.,Singh R.B.,Mondal S.K.Air-deck blasting in opencast mines using low cost wooden spacers for efficient utilisation of explosive energy.Journal of Mines,Metals&Fuels,v43,n8,Augl995:5-15
[16]Preece D.S,Chung SH.Multi-blasthole,multi-row,detonation delay timing simulation of rock blasting using.DMCBLASTes 3D.Proceedings of the 28th Annual Conference on Explosives and Blasting Technique, Vol.1 LAS VEGAS,NEVADA,FEB 10-13,2002:339-348
[17]周游,程康,陈世华.空气间隔装药技术在水布垭地下厂房开挖中的应用[J].爆破,2005,22(2)：56-57.
[18]程康,祝文化,王清华.岩土工程开挖爆破[M].武汉.武汉理工大学出版社,2008
[19]崇六喜,刘鹏程.预裂爆破在软岩路基开挖中的应用[J].矿业研究与开发,2000,20(6)：46-47.
[20]刘鹏程.地下大直径深孔空气间隔装药结构探讨[J].矿业研究与开发,1994,14(4)：24-28.
[21]王林,于亚伦.间隔装药对爆破破碎效果的影响[J].北京科技大学学报,1995,17(2)107-112
[22]史维升.不耦合装药条件下岩石爆破的理论研究和数值模拟[D].武汉：武汉科技大学硕士学位论文,2004：8-21.
[23]朱红兵.空气间隔装药爆破机理及应用研究[D].武汉：武汉大学博士学位论文,2006：12-48.
[24]程康,徐学勇,谢冰.工程爆破动力学基础[M].武汉：武汉理工大学出版社,2011：2-34.
[25]冯叔瑜,霍永基,杨振声.中国工程爆破技术发展历程与展望[C].深圳：工程爆破文集,1997：15-24.
[26]马建军.软岩巷道在周边爆破作用下的稳定性研究[D].北京：北京理工大学,2004：19-27.
[27]闫长斌.爆破作用下岩体积累损伤效应及其稳定性研究[D].长沙：中南大学博士学位论文,2006：23-48.
[28]唐海,李海波,周青青等.预裂爆破震动效应试验研究[J].岩土力学与工程学报, 2010,29(11)：2277-2284.
[29]杨军,金乾坤,黄凤雷.岩石爆破理论模型及数值计算[M].北京：科学出版社,1999：23-48.
[30]李裕春,时党勇,赵远.ANSYS 10.0 / LS-DYNA基础理论与工程实践[M].北京：中国水利水电出版社,2000：243-249.
[31]安世亚太.ANSYS/LS-DYNA使用指南(中文版)[M].北京：美国驻中国大使馆,1997：12-34.
[32]赵海鸥.LS-DYNA动力分析指南[M].北京：兵器工业出版,2003：24-48.
[33]谢鹰,赵金三,江新建.深孔爆破空气间隔装药的研究.采矿技术,第1卷第1期,2001年3月：37-39
[34]李翼祺,马素贞。爆炸力学[M]。北京：科学出版社,1992.
[35]惠君明,陈天云。炸药爆炸理论[M]。南京：江苏科学技术出版社,1995.
[36]戴俊.岩石动力学特性与爆破理论[M].北京：冶金工业出版社,2002.
[37]王家来,徐颖.应变波对岩体的损伤作用和爆生裂纹传播[J].爆炸与冲击,1995,15(3)：212-216.
[38]卢文波.岩石爆破中应力波的传播及其效应研究[D].武汉：武汉大学水利水电工程学院,1994
[39]曾新华.岩石爆破损伤影响范围研究[D].天津大学硕士学位论文.2003.
[40]张维世.空气柱间隔装药爆破法.露天采煤技术,1999年第4期：43-44
[41]王代华,刘军,柏德强.露天边坡在爆破作用下损伤特征的试验研究[J].煤炭学报,2004,29(5),532-535
[42]巫小川.临近建筑物岩体的谨慎爆破.火工品,2000(3)：30-33
[43]卢文波,舒大强,朱红兵等.空气间隔装药结构在轮廓爆破中的应用研究[A],中国爆破新技术[C],2004：296-301.
[44]寇明三,梁建银.控制爆破在竖井口的应用.爆破器材,第30卷第4期,1992：24-26
[45]李爱国.预裂爆破技术在公路边坡工程中的应用[J].爆破,2002,19(4)：24-26.
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