船用LPG发动机喷射控制系统设计技术研究
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摘要
船用发动机燃用LPG、CNG和LNG等气体燃料是降低船舶动力装置排放污染和改善船舶能源结构的有效技术措施之一。根据船艇汽油机装置的技术现状,开展了船用LPG发动机喷射控制系统的理论研究、工程设计和测试方法等方面研究,主要研究内容有：
1.提出一套通用化的船用LPG发动机喷射控制方案,满足了船用电控喷射汽油机和化油器汽油机燃气化改造需求。为了有效地实施此方案,建立以TMS320F2812微处理器为核心的电控系统集成开发平台,实现了船用LPG发动机喷射控制系统软、硬件同步设计,提高了电控软件开发质量和效率。
2.开展船用LPG发动机工况判据、混合型模糊-PID空燃比控制算法、基于BP神经网络的喷射脉谱辨识建模技术和船用LPG发动机燃料转换控制策略的研究,在MATLAB-DSP软件环境下,建立了模型化的船用LPG发动机喷射控制软件,实现了船用LPG发动机各工况空燃比的控制。
3.建立船用LPG发动机数学模型,实现了气体燃料发动机特性的模拟。采用离散相似法建立船用LPG发动机仿真模型,实现了分时、多任务仿真计算。提出一种内部变量虚拟实验建模方法,在一定程度上解决了发动机模型精度依赖台架实验数据的问题。仿真结果表明,船用LPG发动机模型计算精度和速度满足控制分析需要。
4.制定船用LPG发动机喷射控制系统测试方案。提出模型化船用LPG发动机喷射控制软件单元测试与集成测试方法,模型在环仿真测试结果表明,所提出的喷射控制软件测试方法是可行和有效的。采用PC机建立硬件在环仿真平台,为船用LPG发动机喷射控制系统性能验证提供了虚拟测试环境。
5.在LPG发动机试验台上,开展起动、燃料转换控制和怠速工况排放试验,初步考核了船用LPG发动机喷射控制系统的性能。台架实验结果表明,所设计的船用LPG发动机喷射控制系统实现了预期的控制功能；混合型模糊-PID控制算法实现了怠速工况空燃比控制,排放指标满足Q/711 J127-2001和GB18285-2005标准要求；综合考虑船用LPG发动机转换瞬间转速波动、污染物排放和转换操作的简便程度,加速转换控制策略优于直接转换和减速转换控制策略。
The marine engine fueled with LPG, CNG and LNG and other gas fuels is one of the effective technological measures to reduce emission pollution and improve energy structure of marine power plant. According to technical characteristics of marine gasoline engine power plant, the theoretical research, engineering design and testing methods and other aspects for marine LPG engine injection control system are researched. The main research contents are as follows:
1. The universal injection control system for marine LPG engine is designed, which can meet the gas fuel refit requirements of marine electronic injection gasoline engine and carburetor gasoline engine. To execute effectively this solution, the integrated development platform of electronic control system is designed with the core of TMS320F2812 microprocessor, which realizes the synchronous design of software and hardware of electronic control system, and improves the quality of electronic control software.
2. The marine LPG engine operating condition judgment, hybrid fuzzy-PID air fuel ratio control algorithm, injection MAP based on BP neural network identification technique and marine LPG engine fuel switch strategy are comprehensively carried out, and the modeling LPG injection control software developed in MATLAB-DSP software environment achieve the strict control of air fuel ratio at overall engine conditions.
3. The marine LPG engine model is established, which realized the simulation of LPG fuel influence for intake manifold dynamic and air-fuel ratio estimation. The real-time simulation model of marine LPG engine is established by the discrete similarity method, which achieve time division multiplexing simulation for marine LPG engine model. A virtual modeling technology for inner variables is proposed to a certain degree to solve problem in conventional models that are determined from the data measured on the test bench.The simulation results show that LPG engine model can reflect the performance of gas engine, at the same time calculation precision and speed meet the requirement of control analysis.
4. The testing plan of marine LPG engine injection control system is established. The unit software testing methods and integration software testing methods for modeling marine LPG engine injection control software are proposed, and the model in the loop testing results show that theses injection control software testing methods are feasible and effective.The hardware in-the-loop simulation testing platform is established based on PCs, which meets the real time simulation requirement for marine LPG engine model, and provides a good virtual test environment for injection control system performance verification.
5. The start test, fuel switch control test and idle condition emission test are carried out on the LPG engine test bench, and a preliminary control performance assessment for the marine LPG engine injection control system are made. The bench test results show that injection control system can meet expected control function; The hybrid fuzzy-PID control algorithm achieves the air-fuel ratio control successfully in the idle conditions, and the emissions meet the Q/711 J127-2001 and GB18285-2005 emission standard; Considering the marine LPG engine conversion speed fluctuation, pollutant emissions and the extent of conversion operations, the acceleration switch control algorithm is better than the direct switch control strategy and deceleration switch control strategy.
1.提出一套通用化的船用LPG发动机喷射控制方案,满足了船用电控喷射汽油机和化油器汽油机燃气化改造需求。为了有效地实施此方案,建立以TMS320F2812微处理器为核心的电控系统集成开发平台,实现了船用LPG发动机喷射控制系统软、硬件同步设计,提高了电控软件开发质量和效率。
2.开展船用LPG发动机工况判据、混合型模糊-PID空燃比控制算法、基于BP神经网络的喷射脉谱辨识建模技术和船用LPG发动机燃料转换控制策略的研究,在MATLAB-DSP软件环境下,建立了模型化的船用LPG发动机喷射控制软件,实现了船用LPG发动机各工况空燃比的控制。
3.建立船用LPG发动机数学模型,实现了气体燃料发动机特性的模拟。采用离散相似法建立船用LPG发动机仿真模型,实现了分时、多任务仿真计算。提出一种内部变量虚拟实验建模方法,在一定程度上解决了发动机模型精度依赖台架实验数据的问题。仿真结果表明,船用LPG发动机模型计算精度和速度满足控制分析需要。
4.制定船用LPG发动机喷射控制系统测试方案。提出模型化船用LPG发动机喷射控制软件单元测试与集成测试方法,模型在环仿真测试结果表明,所提出的喷射控制软件测试方法是可行和有效的。采用PC机建立硬件在环仿真平台,为船用LPG发动机喷射控制系统性能验证提供了虚拟测试环境。
5.在LPG发动机试验台上,开展起动、燃料转换控制和怠速工况排放试验,初步考核了船用LPG发动机喷射控制系统的性能。台架实验结果表明,所设计的船用LPG发动机喷射控制系统实现了预期的控制功能；混合型模糊-PID控制算法实现了怠速工况空燃比控制,排放指标满足Q/711 J127-2001和GB18285-2005标准要求；综合考虑船用LPG发动机转换瞬间转速波动、污染物排放和转换操作的简便程度,加速转换控制策略优于直接转换和减速转换控制策略。
The marine engine fueled with LPG, CNG and LNG and other gas fuels is one of the effective technological measures to reduce emission pollution and improve energy structure of marine power plant. According to technical characteristics of marine gasoline engine power plant, the theoretical research, engineering design and testing methods and other aspects for marine LPG engine injection control system are researched. The main research contents are as follows:
1. The universal injection control system for marine LPG engine is designed, which can meet the gas fuel refit requirements of marine electronic injection gasoline engine and carburetor gasoline engine. To execute effectively this solution, the integrated development platform of electronic control system is designed with the core of TMS320F2812 microprocessor, which realizes the synchronous design of software and hardware of electronic control system, and improves the quality of electronic control software.
2. The marine LPG engine operating condition judgment, hybrid fuzzy-PID air fuel ratio control algorithm, injection MAP based on BP neural network identification technique and marine LPG engine fuel switch strategy are comprehensively carried out, and the modeling LPG injection control software developed in MATLAB-DSP software environment achieve the strict control of air fuel ratio at overall engine conditions.
3. The marine LPG engine model is established, which realized the simulation of LPG fuel influence for intake manifold dynamic and air-fuel ratio estimation. The real-time simulation model of marine LPG engine is established by the discrete similarity method, which achieve time division multiplexing simulation for marine LPG engine model. A virtual modeling technology for inner variables is proposed to a certain degree to solve problem in conventional models that are determined from the data measured on the test bench.The simulation results show that LPG engine model can reflect the performance of gas engine, at the same time calculation precision and speed meet the requirement of control analysis.
4. The testing plan of marine LPG engine injection control system is established. The unit software testing methods and integration software testing methods for modeling marine LPG engine injection control software are proposed, and the model in the loop testing results show that theses injection control software testing methods are feasible and effective.The hardware in-the-loop simulation testing platform is established based on PCs, which meets the real time simulation requirement for marine LPG engine model, and provides a good virtual test environment for injection control system performance verification.
5. The start test, fuel switch control test and idle condition emission test are carried out on the LPG engine test bench, and a preliminary control performance assessment for the marine LPG engine injection control system are made. The bench test results show that injection control system can meet expected control function; The hybrid fuzzy-PID control algorithm achieves the air-fuel ratio control successfully in the idle conditions, and the emissions meet the Q/711 J127-2001 and GB18285-2005 emission standard; Considering the marine LPG engine conversion speed fluctuation, pollutant emissions and the extent of conversion operations, the acceleration switch control algorithm is better than the direct switch control strategy and deceleration switch control strategy.
引文
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