同频信号分离在认知无线电中的应用
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摘要
随着无线通信业务的飞速发展,所需要的无线频谱资源越来越多,当前频谱资源已显得越来越缺乏。因此,对认知无线电技术的研究具有重大的现实意义。
认知无线电的核心技术就是:具有认知功能的通信设备能够发现“频谱空穴”,并合理地进行利用,该技术称为频谱感知。本课题在了解认知无线电技术的理论、发展现状和趋势,以及对存在的问题和常见方法分析的基础上,研究对比了频谱感知的各种算法,包括发射源检测、合作检测和干扰温度检测,其中发射源检测主要包括匹配滤波器检测算法和循环平稳过程特征检测算法。同时,对常用的盲信号分离技术和同频信号分离算法进行了研究和分析。
论文的主要研究内容:
1、在频谱感知的第一阶段,利用能量检测算法来检测授权频段中的空闲信道,当检测到频谱空穴之后,认知用户接入该信道进行数据的传输。
2、在认知用户进行通信的过程中,还要定时地检测所接入的信道,一旦发现有其他信号接入,则将接收到的同频混合信号进行自适应滤波分离,判断接入的信号是否是主用户信号,若为主用户信号,认知用户应立即停止发送数据,以免对主用户造成干扰。
该系统的设计将已经很成熟的信号分离技术应用到认知无线电这一新技术领域,实现了传统与创新的结合,在一定程度上有效地缓解了无线频谱资源短缺的状况,该系统具有实时稳定性。
With the rapid development of the wireless communication business, more and more radio spectrum resources are needed, it makes that the current spectrum resources become less and less. Therefore, the study of the cognitive radio technology has great realistic significance.
The core technology of the cognitive radio is that radio communication equipment should have the capacity of finding the“spectrum holes”and using rationally, namely spectrum sensing. These algorithms of spectrum sensing are studied and compared, which include emission source detection, cooperative detection and interference temperature detection,among these that the mission source detection algorithm obtains mainly matched filter detection and cyclostationary characteristic detection, after acquiring the theoretical basis, development and tendency of the cognitive radio, and analyzing the existing problem and common methods. Meanwhile, some common blind signals separation technology and the separation technology of signals with same frequency are studied and analyzed.
The main research of paper includes:
1、The first stage of spectrum sense is that the energy detection algorithm is used to detect free frequency channels, cognitive user can access the free channel after detecting the spectrum holes.
2、Cognitive user need detect the accessed channel timely while transmitting datas using detected channel. Once other’s signals access this channel, cognitive user should separate the mixed signals with same frequency using the method of adaptive filter, and then estimate whether the accessed signal that is primary user’s signal or not.
The design of this system makes the mature signal separation technology applied to the new technology field that is cognitive radio, realizes the combination of the tradition and innovation, and then, to a certain degree, alleviates the situation of the shortage of spectrum resource. The whole system has high reliability and real-timely.
认知无线电的核心技术就是:具有认知功能的通信设备能够发现“频谱空穴”,并合理地进行利用,该技术称为频谱感知。本课题在了解认知无线电技术的理论、发展现状和趋势,以及对存在的问题和常见方法分析的基础上,研究对比了频谱感知的各种算法,包括发射源检测、合作检测和干扰温度检测,其中发射源检测主要包括匹配滤波器检测算法和循环平稳过程特征检测算法。同时,对常用的盲信号分离技术和同频信号分离算法进行了研究和分析。
论文的主要研究内容:
1、在频谱感知的第一阶段,利用能量检测算法来检测授权频段中的空闲信道,当检测到频谱空穴之后,认知用户接入该信道进行数据的传输。
2、在认知用户进行通信的过程中,还要定时地检测所接入的信道,一旦发现有其他信号接入,则将接收到的同频混合信号进行自适应滤波分离,判断接入的信号是否是主用户信号,若为主用户信号,认知用户应立即停止发送数据,以免对主用户造成干扰。
该系统的设计将已经很成熟的信号分离技术应用到认知无线电这一新技术领域,实现了传统与创新的结合,在一定程度上有效地缓解了无线频谱资源短缺的状况,该系统具有实时稳定性。
With the rapid development of the wireless communication business, more and more radio spectrum resources are needed, it makes that the current spectrum resources become less and less. Therefore, the study of the cognitive radio technology has great realistic significance.
The core technology of the cognitive radio is that radio communication equipment should have the capacity of finding the“spectrum holes”and using rationally, namely spectrum sensing. These algorithms of spectrum sensing are studied and compared, which include emission source detection, cooperative detection and interference temperature detection,among these that the mission source detection algorithm obtains mainly matched filter detection and cyclostationary characteristic detection, after acquiring the theoretical basis, development and tendency of the cognitive radio, and analyzing the existing problem and common methods. Meanwhile, some common blind signals separation technology and the separation technology of signals with same frequency are studied and analyzed.
The main research of paper includes:
1、The first stage of spectrum sense is that the energy detection algorithm is used to detect free frequency channels, cognitive user can access the free channel after detecting the spectrum holes.
2、Cognitive user need detect the accessed channel timely while transmitting datas using detected channel. Once other’s signals access this channel, cognitive user should separate the mixed signals with same frequency using the method of adaptive filter, and then estimate whether the accessed signal that is primary user’s signal or not.
The design of this system makes the mature signal separation technology applied to the new technology field that is cognitive radio, realizes the combination of the tradition and innovation, and then, to a certain degree, alleviates the situation of the shortage of spectrum resource. The whole system has high reliability and real-timely.
引文
[1]曹华孝,鲜永菊,徐昌彪.认知无线电技术的国内外发展与研究现状.数字通信,2009(4):51-57
[2]孙海洋,陈创新.认知无线电技术浅谈.Technology and market,2009,16(7):84
[3]许天生.一种同频信号分离技术.电子技术,1987(8):5-6
[4] Ghasemi, Sousa ES. Collaborative spectrum sensing for opportunistic access in fading environment, in Proc. IEEE DySPAN 2005, 2005: 131-136
[5] Sahai A, Hoven N, Tandra R. Some fundamental limits in cognitive radio. Allerton Conf. on Commun.. Control and Computing 2004, 2004
[6] Digham F, Alouini M, Simon M. On the energy detection of unkown signals over fading channels, in Proc. IEEE ICC .2005(5): 3575-3579
[7]李圣安,王保云.一种新的无线智能技术—认知无线电技术.维普资讯,2005(11):18-25
[8] Mitola J. Cognitive radio: making software radios more personal. IEEE Pers Commun,1999, 6 (4)
[9] Nolan K. Cognitive radio WG Brussels 2005. SDR forum, Brussels, 2005
[10]周贤伟,孟潭,王丽娜.认知无线电研究综述.电讯技术,2006(6):1-6
[11]张晓,邓建国,刘铭.认知无线电:见缝插针,拓展频谱.现代通信,2006(9):37-41
[12]李波,刘勤,李维英.认知无线电技术.中兴通讯技术,2006,12(2):10-13
[13]赵勇.认知无线电的发展与应用.电讯技术,2009,6,49(6):93-101
[14] Thomas R W, DaSilva L A, MacKenzie A B. Cognitive networks. IEEE DySPAN 2005,2005:352-360
[15]高月红.认知无线电中关键技术研究.科技信息,2009(29):6-7
[16]漆春红.认知无线电中的频谱感知技术研究:[博士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2009
[17] Cabric, D. Tkachenko, A. Brodersen, R.W. Spectrum Sensing Measurements of Pilot, Energy, and Collaborative Detection. Military Communications Conference, 2006. MILCOM 2006:1-7
[18] Chen Wei-Ting, Chang Liu-Wei, Jye Jou-Shyh. A jointed mode detection and symbol detection scheme for DVB-T. Consumer Electronics, IEEE Transactions on, 2008:336-341
[19] Lei Chen,Jun Wang, Shaoqian Li. An Adaptive Cooperative Spectrum Sensing Scheme Based on the Optimal Data Fusion Rule. IEEE Wireless Communication Systems,2007,:582-586
[20] Ian F Akyildiz, Won-Yeol Lee, Mehmet C Vuran. Next generation/dynamic spectrum access/cognitive radio wireless networks. A survey, computer networks 50, 2006:2127-2159
[21]张书民.认知无线电中的协作频谱感知技术:[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2009
[22]樊昌信,曹丽娜.通信原理(第6版).北京:国防工业出版社,2007:311-318
[23]黄知涛,周一宇,姜文利.循环平稳信号处理与应用.北京:科学出版社,2006:23-26
[24] GARDNER WILLIAM A. Spectral Correlation of Modulated Signals: PartⅠ-Analog Modulation . IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS, 1987, 35(6):591-592
[25] GARDNER WILLIAM A. Spectral Correlation of Modulated Signals: PartⅡ-Digital Modulation . IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS,1987, 35(6):597-598
[26]江莹,杨震.认知无线电的几种频谱感知方法的研究.科技资讯,2007(10):6-7
[27] Cormen C E L T H, Rivest R L. Introdution to algorithms, 1st ed. MIT Press, 1990
[28]石磊,蒋群琳,张中兆.认知无线电空闲频谱的联合检测算法.华南理工大学学报,2010,38(1):38-43
[29] FCC ET Docket No 03-237 Notice of inquiry and notice of proposed Rulemaking, 2003
[30]周贤伟.认知无线电.北京:国防工业出版社,2006:29-30
[31] IEEE 802.22. Working group on wireless regional area network. http://www.ieee802.org/22/
[32]周小飞,张宏纲.认知无线电原理及应用.北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2007:25
[33]罗凡.认知无线电在应急通信中的应用.电脑开发与应用.2010,23(3):14-16
[34]叶佩军,安建平.认知无线电在未来多媒体移动通信中的应用.电讯技术,2004(2):25-29
[35]范波.认知无线电频谱感知技术研究:[硕士学位论文].北京:国防科学技术大学,2008
[36] URKOW ITZ H. Energy detection of unknown detection signals. Proceedings of IEEE, 1967, 55: 523-531.
[37]张发启.盲信号处理与应用.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2006:1-2
[38] Makeiig S, Bell A. Independence component analysis in electro-encephalographic data Advanced in Neural Information Processing Systems. Cambridge: MIT Press,1996(80):145-151
[39] Papadias C B, Paulraj A. A constant modulus algorithnm for muti-user signal separation in presence of delay spread using antenna arrays IEEE Signal Processing Letters, 1997(4):178-181
[40] Tong L, Liu R W. Indeterminacy and indentifiability of blind identification. IEEE Trans. Circuits and Systems, 1991(38)::499-505
[41]李荣华,赵敏,王进.盲信号分离的理论与发展现状.移动通信,2008(4):67-72
[42]张贤达,保铮.盲信号分离.电子学报,2001,12A(29):1766-1771
[43]李昕,胡波.基于盲信号分离的胎儿心电提取.中国生物医学工程学报,2002,21(5):461-465
[44]王春红.盲信号分离算法研究与应用:[硕士学位论文].北京:北京交通大学,2009
[45]朱茉,季策,于洋.盲信号分离问题的分类和现状.化工自动化与仪表,2009,36(3):7-11
[46]李小军,朱孝龙,张贤达.盲信号分离分类与展望.西安电子科技大学学报,2004,31(3):399-404
[47]刘静,张道明,田华.自适应小波阈值去噪方法.现代电子技术,2006(8):58-61
[48]崔旭涛,何友.自适应滤波算法的仿真与工程实现.现代电子技术,2009(18):179-184
[49] B Widrow, S Dstearns.自适应信号处理.王永德等译.成都:四川大学出版社,1989
[50] Simon Haykia. Adaptive Filter Theory (Third Edition). Prentice Hall INC,1996.
[51]丁玉美,阔永红,高新波.数字信号处理—时域离散随机信号处理.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2002:65-67
[2]孙海洋,陈创新.认知无线电技术浅谈.Technology and market,2009,16(7):84
[3]许天生.一种同频信号分离技术.电子技术,1987(8):5-6
[4] Ghasemi, Sousa ES. Collaborative spectrum sensing for opportunistic access in fading environment, in Proc. IEEE DySPAN 2005, 2005: 131-136
[5] Sahai A, Hoven N, Tandra R. Some fundamental limits in cognitive radio. Allerton Conf. on Commun.. Control and Computing 2004, 2004
[6] Digham F, Alouini M, Simon M. On the energy detection of unkown signals over fading channels, in Proc. IEEE ICC .2005(5): 3575-3579
[7]李圣安,王保云.一种新的无线智能技术—认知无线电技术.维普资讯,2005(11):18-25
[8] Mitola J. Cognitive radio: making software radios more personal. IEEE Pers Commun,1999, 6 (4)
[9] Nolan K. Cognitive radio WG Brussels 2005. SDR forum, Brussels, 2005
[10]周贤伟,孟潭,王丽娜.认知无线电研究综述.电讯技术,2006(6):1-6
[11]张晓,邓建国,刘铭.认知无线电:见缝插针,拓展频谱.现代通信,2006(9):37-41
[12]李波,刘勤,李维英.认知无线电技术.中兴通讯技术,2006,12(2):10-13
[13]赵勇.认知无线电的发展与应用.电讯技术,2009,6,49(6):93-101
[14] Thomas R W, DaSilva L A, MacKenzie A B. Cognitive networks. IEEE DySPAN 2005,2005:352-360
[15]高月红.认知无线电中关键技术研究.科技信息,2009(29):6-7
[16]漆春红.认知无线电中的频谱感知技术研究:[博士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2009
[17] Cabric, D. Tkachenko, A. Brodersen, R.W. Spectrum Sensing Measurements of Pilot, Energy, and Collaborative Detection. Military Communications Conference, 2006. MILCOM 2006:1-7
[18] Chen Wei-Ting, Chang Liu-Wei, Jye Jou-Shyh. A jointed mode detection and symbol detection scheme for DVB-T. Consumer Electronics, IEEE Transactions on, 2008:336-341
[19] Lei Chen,Jun Wang, Shaoqian Li. An Adaptive Cooperative Spectrum Sensing Scheme Based on the Optimal Data Fusion Rule. IEEE Wireless Communication Systems,2007,:582-586
[20] Ian F Akyildiz, Won-Yeol Lee, Mehmet C Vuran. Next generation/dynamic spectrum access/cognitive radio wireless networks. A survey, computer networks 50, 2006:2127-2159
[21]张书民.认知无线电中的协作频谱感知技术:[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2009
[22]樊昌信,曹丽娜.通信原理(第6版).北京:国防工业出版社,2007:311-318
[23]黄知涛,周一宇,姜文利.循环平稳信号处理与应用.北京:科学出版社,2006:23-26
[24] GARDNER WILLIAM A. Spectral Correlation of Modulated Signals: PartⅠ-Analog Modulation . IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS, 1987, 35(6):591-592
[25] GARDNER WILLIAM A. Spectral Correlation of Modulated Signals: PartⅡ-Digital Modulation . IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS,1987, 35(6):597-598
[26]江莹,杨震.认知无线电的几种频谱感知方法的研究.科技资讯,2007(10):6-7
[27] Cormen C E L T H, Rivest R L. Introdution to algorithms, 1st ed. MIT Press, 1990
[28]石磊,蒋群琳,张中兆.认知无线电空闲频谱的联合检测算法.华南理工大学学报,2010,38(1):38-43
[29] FCC ET Docket No 03-237 Notice of inquiry and notice of proposed Rulemaking, 2003
[30]周贤伟.认知无线电.北京:国防工业出版社,2006:29-30
[31] IEEE 802.22. Working group on wireless regional area network. http://www.ieee802.org/22/
[32]周小飞,张宏纲.认知无线电原理及应用.北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2007:25
[33]罗凡.认知无线电在应急通信中的应用.电脑开发与应用.2010,23(3):14-16
[34]叶佩军,安建平.认知无线电在未来多媒体移动通信中的应用.电讯技术,2004(2):25-29
[35]范波.认知无线电频谱感知技术研究:[硕士学位论文].北京:国防科学技术大学,2008
[36] URKOW ITZ H. Energy detection of unknown detection signals. Proceedings of IEEE, 1967, 55: 523-531.
[37]张发启.盲信号处理与应用.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2006:1-2
[38] Makeiig S, Bell A. Independence component analysis in electro-encephalographic data Advanced in Neural Information Processing Systems. Cambridge: MIT Press,1996(80):145-151
[39] Papadias C B, Paulraj A. A constant modulus algorithnm for muti-user signal separation in presence of delay spread using antenna arrays IEEE Signal Processing Letters, 1997(4):178-181
[40] Tong L, Liu R W. Indeterminacy and indentifiability of blind identification. IEEE Trans. Circuits and Systems, 1991(38)::499-505
[41]李荣华,赵敏,王进.盲信号分离的理论与发展现状.移动通信,2008(4):67-72
[42]张贤达,保铮.盲信号分离.电子学报,2001,12A(29):1766-1771
[43]李昕,胡波.基于盲信号分离的胎儿心电提取.中国生物医学工程学报,2002,21(5):461-465
[44]王春红.盲信号分离算法研究与应用:[硕士学位论文].北京:北京交通大学,2009
[45]朱茉,季策,于洋.盲信号分离问题的分类和现状.化工自动化与仪表,2009,36(3):7-11
[46]李小军,朱孝龙,张贤达.盲信号分离分类与展望.西安电子科技大学学报,2004,31(3):399-404
[47]刘静,张道明,田华.自适应小波阈值去噪方法.现代电子技术,2006(8):58-61
[48]崔旭涛,何友.自适应滤波算法的仿真与工程实现.现代电子技术,2009(18):179-184
[49] B Widrow, S Dstearns.自适应信号处理.王永德等译.成都:四川大学出版社,1989
[50] Simon Haykia. Adaptive Filter Theory (Third Edition). Prentice Hall INC,1996.
[51]丁玉美,阔永红,高新波.数字信号处理—时域离散随机信号处理.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2002:65-67