空调压缩机管路系统振动分析及其软件开发
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摘要
伴随着我国经济的高速发展,制冷空调行业也得到空前发展。国内空调行业技术研发水平相比以前虽然有了较大提高,但是待解决的问题也不少。
对于空调室外机结构设计而言,能否开发相应的测试平台对于缩短研发周期和降低研发成本都有重要的影响。依靠经验或仿制来设计配管,容易导致管路与压缩机的激励不匹配,从而导致空调运行时管路系统的振动和应力状况过大。一般合格的产品需要经过配管设计、样机测试、配管设计方案整改、样机再测试等反复多次才能达到预期效果,调试周期长,调试成本高,这些因素都会极大的影响产品的质量和竞争力。
本文对空调压缩机及其管路系统的振动激励源进行了受力分析,确定了振动载荷的加载方法,对空调室外机的单机和整机建立了分析模型,利用著名的有限元软件ANSYS对系统进行了动力学模态分析和谐响应分析,并通过振动测试实验对样机的数据进行了测试,然后将测试结果和仿真结果进行了对比验证。应用软件的开发是基于VC++程序平台,对CAD参数化建模和有限元分析等过程都进行了封装,计算和结果显示可自动完成。
应用软件通过对Pro/E的二次开发来实现参数化建模,在交互式对话框内输入模型的参数,软件可以将模型在Pro/E中自动重新生成并显示。振动分析的建模、仿真计算和结果处理都使用了ANSYS的APDL语言进行编写, APDL语句封装在VC程序平台中。谐响应的载荷FFT变换也运用了VC与Matlab混合编程的技术,充分利用了Matlab数值计算和图形显示的功能对激振力进行处理。
应用程序对显示、建模、计算和后处理等功能进行了封装,最终形成一个完整的应用软件测试平台。由于充分利用了各款软件的优势,因此软件开发过程相对简单而功能强大,且计算精度符合要求。投入到实用中可以极大的缩短了产品开发的周期和成本,对提高企业的效率和产品竞争力有重要的意义。
With the rapid development of China's economy, refrigeration and air conditioning industry has made unprecedented development, but many problems remain to be solved.
For the structural design of outdoor unit of air conditioner, whether can develop the corresponding test platform or not has a significant impact to shorten the development cycle and reduce development cost. Qualified products generally need to repeatedly go through piping design, prototype testing, the rectification of piping design, prototype testing to achieve the desired results. The long test cycle and the high test cost will greatly affect product quality and competitiveness.
In this paper, force analysis of vibration excitation of air-conditioning compressor and piping system was carried out and the loading method of exciting force was determined. Pro/ENGINEER and ANSYS were used to build the model and carry on dynamic modal analysis and harmonic response analysis of outdoor unit of air conditioner. Test datas were got from the prototype by vibration testing experiment, which were compared with the simulation results. Application software development was based on VC++ application platform. The CAD parametric modeling and finite element analysis were encapsulated in the software. Calculations and results display could be completed automatically.
Application achieved the capability of parametric modeling by secondary development of Pro/ENGINEER.Vibration analysis of modeling; simulation and result processing are written with APDL language; FFT transform of the load of harmonic response was carried out by the mixed programming technique of VC and MATLAB.
For taking full advantage of the sections of commercial codes, application development process was relatively simple, and the accuracy met the requirements. This application can greatly shorten the product development cycle and cost, which is importance to improve efficiency and competitiveness of enterprises.
对于空调室外机结构设计而言,能否开发相应的测试平台对于缩短研发周期和降低研发成本都有重要的影响。依靠经验或仿制来设计配管,容易导致管路与压缩机的激励不匹配,从而导致空调运行时管路系统的振动和应力状况过大。一般合格的产品需要经过配管设计、样机测试、配管设计方案整改、样机再测试等反复多次才能达到预期效果,调试周期长,调试成本高,这些因素都会极大的影响产品的质量和竞争力。
本文对空调压缩机及其管路系统的振动激励源进行了受力分析,确定了振动载荷的加载方法,对空调室外机的单机和整机建立了分析模型,利用著名的有限元软件ANSYS对系统进行了动力学模态分析和谐响应分析,并通过振动测试实验对样机的数据进行了测试,然后将测试结果和仿真结果进行了对比验证。应用软件的开发是基于VC++程序平台,对CAD参数化建模和有限元分析等过程都进行了封装,计算和结果显示可自动完成。
应用软件通过对Pro/E的二次开发来实现参数化建模,在交互式对话框内输入模型的参数,软件可以将模型在Pro/E中自动重新生成并显示。振动分析的建模、仿真计算和结果处理都使用了ANSYS的APDL语言进行编写, APDL语句封装在VC程序平台中。谐响应的载荷FFT变换也运用了VC与Matlab混合编程的技术,充分利用了Matlab数值计算和图形显示的功能对激振力进行处理。
应用程序对显示、建模、计算和后处理等功能进行了封装,最终形成一个完整的应用软件测试平台。由于充分利用了各款软件的优势,因此软件开发过程相对简单而功能强大,且计算精度符合要求。投入到实用中可以极大的缩短了产品开发的周期和成本,对提高企业的效率和产品竞争力有重要的意义。
With the rapid development of China's economy, refrigeration and air conditioning industry has made unprecedented development, but many problems remain to be solved.
For the structural design of outdoor unit of air conditioner, whether can develop the corresponding test platform or not has a significant impact to shorten the development cycle and reduce development cost. Qualified products generally need to repeatedly go through piping design, prototype testing, the rectification of piping design, prototype testing to achieve the desired results. The long test cycle and the high test cost will greatly affect product quality and competitiveness.
In this paper, force analysis of vibration excitation of air-conditioning compressor and piping system was carried out and the loading method of exciting force was determined. Pro/ENGINEER and ANSYS were used to build the model and carry on dynamic modal analysis and harmonic response analysis of outdoor unit of air conditioner. Test datas were got from the prototype by vibration testing experiment, which were compared with the simulation results. Application software development was based on VC++ application platform. The CAD parametric modeling and finite element analysis were encapsulated in the software. Calculations and results display could be completed automatically.
Application achieved the capability of parametric modeling by secondary development of Pro/ENGINEER.Vibration analysis of modeling; simulation and result processing are written with APDL language; FFT transform of the load of harmonic response was carried out by the mixed programming technique of VC and MATLAB.
For taking full advantage of the sections of commercial codes, application development process was relatively simple, and the accuracy met the requirements. This application can greatly shorten the product development cycle and cost, which is importance to improve efficiency and competitiveness of enterprises.
引文
[1]刘晓红,吴利平等.国内外制冷空调行业市场分析[J].制冷与空调,2009,9(3)
[2]刘晓红.中国制冷空调行业二十年发展情况分析[J].制冷与空调,2010,(1)
[3]金涛,陈建良等.空调管路系统动态仿真及优化设计[J].系统仿真学报,2005,(1)
[4]卢剑伟.国内空调行业配管研发中的问题及对策[J].研究·探讨,2009,(1)
[5] Tiwari, A., Manepati, S.S.. Simulation of pressure pulsation in piping system of a reciprocating compressor[J], International Journal of COMADEM,2007,10(4): 32-38
[6] Xu, Bin. Study on pressure pulsation and piping vibration of complex piping of reciprocating compressor[J], Nuclear Power Engineering,2008,29(4):79-83
[7] Motriuk, R.W. Centrifugal compressor modifications and their effect on high frequency pipe wall vibration[J], American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Pressure Vessels and Piping Division, 1997,355:21-29
[8]卢剑伟,吴文新等.有限元分析软件ANSYS在空调配管设计中的应用研究[J].机械科学与技术,2004,23(5)
[9]卢剑伟,杨九铭等.空调器配管机械振动控制策略[J].机械设计与制造,2004,(4)
[10]高荣慧,吴地勇.基于仿真的空调配管振动测试系统设计[J],设计与研究, 2008,12(35)
[11]杨靖.空调器配管的有限元分析[J],流体机械,2002,30(11)
[12]韦英奇,张奠磐等.空调机系统管振动分析和减振措施[J],流体机械,2001,29(6)
[13] Yokoyama,S, Sakurai,Y. Simulation technologies for vibration and noise [from air conditions][J], National Technical Report(Japan),1989,35(6):114-121
[14] Yamamoto,Hiroshi, Kunimitsu,Michio. Vibration analysis system for pipe design[J], American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Pressure Vessels and Piping Division, 1995,305: 327-337
[15] Sawanobori, Takeshi. Vibration analysis of compressor-piping coupled system in air conditioning units[J], American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Pressure Vesselsand Piping, 1995,305: 05-326
[16] Kim, S.G.. Reduction of the vibration of a home air conditioner by finite element analysis and homogenization method[J],Proceedings of the International Modal Analysis Conference– IMAC,1997,2:1739-1743
[17] Ho-Jung Lee, Kwang-Joon Kim. Multi-dimensional vibration power ?ow analysis of compressor system mounted in outdoor unit of an air conditioner[J], Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2004,272(3-5): 607-625
[18] Youn Cheol Park. Transient analysis of a variable speed rotary compressor[J], Energy Conversion and Management 2010,51(2):277–287
[19] N. Levecque, J. Mahfoud. Vibration reduction of a single cylinder reciprocating compressor based on multi-stage balancing[J], Mechanism and Machine Theory,2011,46(1):1-9
[20]李东旭.高等结构动力学[M].长沙:国防科技大学出版社,1997
[21] R. R. Craig, Jr. Structral Dynamics. Joh Wiloy sons, Inc. ,1981
[22]傅志方,宏星.模态分析理论与应用[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社,2000
[23]曹树谦,张文德等.振动结构模态分析:理论、实验与应用[M].天津:天津大学出版社,2002
[24] Ward Heylen, Stefan Lammens, Paul Sas. Modal Analysis Theory and Testing[M]. Lewen:Katholieke Universiteit Lewen-Department werktvi,1997.
[25]李德水.小型柴油机轴系模态分析及仿真计算研究[D],西南交通大学硕士论文,2007
[26]许本文,焦群英.机械振动与模态分析基础[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1998
[27]龚曙光,谢桂兰等. ANSYS参数化编程与命令手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2009
[28]王新敏. ANSYS工程结构数值分析[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2007
[29] ANSYS Structural Analysis Guide. ANSYS lnc.
[30]缪道平,吴业正.制冷压缩机[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2001
[31]李文林,周瑞秋等.回转式制冷压缩机[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1992
[32]刘习军,贾启芬.工程振动与测试技术[M].天津:天津大学出版社,1999
[33]高强. Pro/ENGINEER野火版3.0从入门到精通[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2008
[34]吴立军,陈波. Pro/ENGINEER二次开发技术基础[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006
[35]张继春. Pro/ENGINEER二次开发实用教程[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2003
[36]李世国. Pro/TOOLKIT程序设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003
[37]黄文权,李开世等. Pro/ENGINEER模型特征提取和识别的二次开发[J].四川理工学院学报(自然科学版),2006,19(1)
[38]陈桦,范晓斌等.基于Pro/Toolkit二次开发的参数化设计系统的研究[J].设计与研究,2009,(4)
[39]景仁坤.基于Pro/Engineer的三维参数化设计研究与开发[D].武汉理工大学硕士论文, 2005
[40] Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire2.0 Pro/Toolkit user's Guide. PTC, 2004
[41]谢敏理,和丽等. Pro/E二次开发实现自动装配的一种方法[J].现代机械,2006,(1)
[42]杨高波,亓波.精通MATLAB7.0混合编程[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006
[43]孙鑫. VC++深入解析[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006
[44]陈世教,杜波. VC++与MATLAB接口编程方法与实现[J].计算机与信息技术,2007,(11)
[45]苏金明,黄国明等. MATLAB与外部程序接口[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003
[46] ANSYS APDL Programmer’s Guide. ANSYS Inc.
[47]田会方,张杰峰.基于VC与ANSYS的参数化有限元分析[J].交通与计算机,2004年,22(6)
[48]陈贤青,尹辉等.基于Visual C + +和APDL实现渐开线齿轮参数化建模[J],科学技术与工程,2007,7(7)
[2]刘晓红.中国制冷空调行业二十年发展情况分析[J].制冷与空调,2010,(1)
[3]金涛,陈建良等.空调管路系统动态仿真及优化设计[J].系统仿真学报,2005,(1)
[4]卢剑伟.国内空调行业配管研发中的问题及对策[J].研究·探讨,2009,(1)
[5] Tiwari, A., Manepati, S.S.. Simulation of pressure pulsation in piping system of a reciprocating compressor[J], International Journal of COMADEM,2007,10(4): 32-38
[6] Xu, Bin. Study on pressure pulsation and piping vibration of complex piping of reciprocating compressor[J], Nuclear Power Engineering,2008,29(4):79-83
[7] Motriuk, R.W. Centrifugal compressor modifications and their effect on high frequency pipe wall vibration[J], American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Pressure Vessels and Piping Division, 1997,355:21-29
[8]卢剑伟,吴文新等.有限元分析软件ANSYS在空调配管设计中的应用研究[J].机械科学与技术,2004,23(5)
[9]卢剑伟,杨九铭等.空调器配管机械振动控制策略[J].机械设计与制造,2004,(4)
[10]高荣慧,吴地勇.基于仿真的空调配管振动测试系统设计[J],设计与研究, 2008,12(35)
[11]杨靖.空调器配管的有限元分析[J],流体机械,2002,30(11)
[12]韦英奇,张奠磐等.空调机系统管振动分析和减振措施[J],流体机械,2001,29(6)
[13] Yokoyama,S, Sakurai,Y. Simulation technologies for vibration and noise [from air conditions][J], National Technical Report(Japan),1989,35(6):114-121
[14] Yamamoto,Hiroshi, Kunimitsu,Michio. Vibration analysis system for pipe design[J], American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Pressure Vessels and Piping Division, 1995,305: 327-337
[15] Sawanobori, Takeshi. Vibration analysis of compressor-piping coupled system in air conditioning units[J], American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Pressure Vesselsand Piping, 1995,305: 05-326
[16] Kim, S.G.. Reduction of the vibration of a home air conditioner by finite element analysis and homogenization method[J],Proceedings of the International Modal Analysis Conference– IMAC,1997,2:1739-1743
[17] Ho-Jung Lee, Kwang-Joon Kim. Multi-dimensional vibration power ?ow analysis of compressor system mounted in outdoor unit of an air conditioner[J], Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2004,272(3-5): 607-625
[18] Youn Cheol Park. Transient analysis of a variable speed rotary compressor[J], Energy Conversion and Management 2010,51(2):277–287
[19] N. Levecque, J. Mahfoud. Vibration reduction of a single cylinder reciprocating compressor based on multi-stage balancing[J], Mechanism and Machine Theory,2011,46(1):1-9
[20]李东旭.高等结构动力学[M].长沙:国防科技大学出版社,1997
[21] R. R. Craig, Jr. Structral Dynamics. Joh Wiloy sons, Inc. ,1981
[22]傅志方,宏星.模态分析理论与应用[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社,2000
[23]曹树谦,张文德等.振动结构模态分析:理论、实验与应用[M].天津:天津大学出版社,2002
[24] Ward Heylen, Stefan Lammens, Paul Sas. Modal Analysis Theory and Testing[M]. Lewen:Katholieke Universiteit Lewen-Department werktvi,1997.
[25]李德水.小型柴油机轴系模态分析及仿真计算研究[D],西南交通大学硕士论文,2007
[26]许本文,焦群英.机械振动与模态分析基础[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1998
[27]龚曙光,谢桂兰等. ANSYS参数化编程与命令手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2009
[28]王新敏. ANSYS工程结构数值分析[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2007
[29] ANSYS Structural Analysis Guide. ANSYS lnc.
[30]缪道平,吴业正.制冷压缩机[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2001
[31]李文林,周瑞秋等.回转式制冷压缩机[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1992
[32]刘习军,贾启芬.工程振动与测试技术[M].天津:天津大学出版社,1999
[33]高强. Pro/ENGINEER野火版3.0从入门到精通[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2008
[34]吴立军,陈波. Pro/ENGINEER二次开发技术基础[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006
[35]张继春. Pro/ENGINEER二次开发实用教程[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2003
[36]李世国. Pro/TOOLKIT程序设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003
[37]黄文权,李开世等. Pro/ENGINEER模型特征提取和识别的二次开发[J].四川理工学院学报(自然科学版),2006,19(1)
[38]陈桦,范晓斌等.基于Pro/Toolkit二次开发的参数化设计系统的研究[J].设计与研究,2009,(4)
[39]景仁坤.基于Pro/Engineer的三维参数化设计研究与开发[D].武汉理工大学硕士论文, 2005
[40] Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire2.0 Pro/Toolkit user's Guide. PTC, 2004
[41]谢敏理,和丽等. Pro/E二次开发实现自动装配的一种方法[J].现代机械,2006,(1)
[42]杨高波,亓波.精通MATLAB7.0混合编程[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006
[43]孙鑫. VC++深入解析[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006
[44]陈世教,杜波. VC++与MATLAB接口编程方法与实现[J].计算机与信息技术,2007,(11)
[45]苏金明,黄国明等. MATLAB与外部程序接口[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003
[46] ANSYS APDL Programmer’s Guide. ANSYS Inc.
[47]田会方,张杰峰.基于VC与ANSYS的参数化有限元分析[J].交通与计算机,2004年,22(6)
[48]陈贤青,尹辉等.基于Visual C + +和APDL实现渐开线齿轮参数化建模[J],科学技术与工程,2007,7(7)