基于条件价值法的耕地资源非市场价值评估研究
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摘要
随着经济的发展和城市化进程的不断加快,人地矛盾越来越突出。在倡导可持续发展的今天,人们开始重视耕地资源的合理利用与保护。全面认识耕地资源的功能及对其价值进行评估成为人们研究的热点之一。
从国内外的研究来看,耕地资源不仅具有市场价值,还拥有占总价值比例相当大的非市场价值。但由于耕地的非市场价值不像其市场价值,能够真实贴切的被人们感受到,所以长久以来,很多人都没有真正全面的认识和评估耕地的价值。基于可持续发展的角度,对耕地资源的非市场价值进行评估量化具有重要的资源保护和管理决策意义。条件价值法作为国内外用于评估非市场价值应用最广泛的方法,可以完整的评估耕地资源的非市场价值。
本文在介绍耕地资源非市场价值概念的基础上,给出了评估的理论依托,比较和描述了目前一些主要的自然资源价值评估方法,然后重点分析了本文所采用的条件价值法。对该方法的起源、经济学原理等进行了详细的分析和评述,并系统的研究了条件价值法的问卷设计、调查技术、数据处理以及偏差的消除方法等等。然后本文采用该方法对南京市耕地资源的非市场价值进行了评估,计算出2008年南京市耕地资源的非市场价值是87.89亿元。另外,研究结果还表明,居民的支付意愿受居民对耕地资源非市场价值的认知程度、居民的受教育程度、家庭收入等因素的影响。因此,加强认识和保护耕地教育、发展经济、以及提高人民收入水平都是提高耕地资源价值的根本途径。
通过实证分析表明,耕地资源具有巨大的非市场价值,但现行的耕地征用补偿制度和耕地非农化时所依据的土地价格,却很少考虑耕地资源的非市场价值。本文最后从全面认识耕地资源价值的角度,提出了通过将耕地的非市场价值纳入制定征地补偿制度和确定耕地非农化合理数量的决策中,来提高耕地非农化效率和增强人们保护耕地积极性的政策建议。
With economic development and the acceleration of urbanization process, contradictions between people and land resource become more and more prominent. Nowadays, under the advocacy of sustainable development, people began to attach importance to the rational utilization and protection of cultivated land resource. Comprehensive understanding and evaluating the value of cultivated land resource become one of the hot topics.
From study of home and abroad, the cultivated land resource not only has the market value, but also has the non-market value that accounts for a large proportion of the total value. However, due to the non- market value of cultivated land resource can't be actually perceived by the people, so for a long time, many people do not have a truly comprehensive understanding and assessment of the value of cultivated land resource. From the perspective of sustainable development, evaluating the non-market value of cultivated land resource is of great significance to resource conservation and management decision-making. As the standard evaluation methods of evaluating value of natural resource, the Contingent Valuation Method, is widely used to evaluate the non-market values both at home and abroad, can evaluate integrally the non- market value of cultivated land resource.
Basing on the introduction of concept of non-market value of cultivated land resource, this paper gave the theoretical basis of evaluating the non-market value of cultivated land resource, introduced some of the major Valuation Methods used by natural resource evaluation, and then analyzed the Contingent Valuation Method used by this paper. This paper analyzed and commented the origin, economic theory, and systematically studied the of the questionnaire design, survey techniques, data processing as well as bias eliminating. After that, this paper evaluated the non-market value of cultivated land resource of Nanjing city, calculated the non-market value of cultivated land resource of Nanjing in 2008, about 8.789 billion Yuan. In addition, study also showed that willingness to pay of residents would be influenced by the awareness of non-market value of cultivated land resource, educational level, household income and other factors. Therefore, to enhance the education of recognizing and protecting cultivated land resource, develop economics, as well as improving the people's income levels are the fundamental ways to increase the value of cultivated land resource.
Empirical analysis shows that, the cultivated land resource has great non-market value, but the existing system of land requisition compensation and land prices used by the agricultural and non-agricultural of cultivated land resource, have not considered the non-market value of cultivated land resource. In the end, this paper set perspective from the comprehensive understanding of the value of cultivated land resource, put forward the policy proposal of bringing the non- market value of cultivated land resource into the requisition compensation system and the decision-making of agricultural and non-agricultural of cultivated land resource, thus to improve the efficiency of agricultural and non-agricultural of cultivated land resource and enhance the activity of protecting cultivated land resource.
从国内外的研究来看,耕地资源不仅具有市场价值,还拥有占总价值比例相当大的非市场价值。但由于耕地的非市场价值不像其市场价值,能够真实贴切的被人们感受到,所以长久以来,很多人都没有真正全面的认识和评估耕地的价值。基于可持续发展的角度,对耕地资源的非市场价值进行评估量化具有重要的资源保护和管理决策意义。条件价值法作为国内外用于评估非市场价值应用最广泛的方法,可以完整的评估耕地资源的非市场价值。
本文在介绍耕地资源非市场价值概念的基础上,给出了评估的理论依托,比较和描述了目前一些主要的自然资源价值评估方法,然后重点分析了本文所采用的条件价值法。对该方法的起源、经济学原理等进行了详细的分析和评述,并系统的研究了条件价值法的问卷设计、调查技术、数据处理以及偏差的消除方法等等。然后本文采用该方法对南京市耕地资源的非市场价值进行了评估,计算出2008年南京市耕地资源的非市场价值是87.89亿元。另外,研究结果还表明,居民的支付意愿受居民对耕地资源非市场价值的认知程度、居民的受教育程度、家庭收入等因素的影响。因此,加强认识和保护耕地教育、发展经济、以及提高人民收入水平都是提高耕地资源价值的根本途径。
通过实证分析表明,耕地资源具有巨大的非市场价值,但现行的耕地征用补偿制度和耕地非农化时所依据的土地价格,却很少考虑耕地资源的非市场价值。本文最后从全面认识耕地资源价值的角度,提出了通过将耕地的非市场价值纳入制定征地补偿制度和确定耕地非农化合理数量的决策中,来提高耕地非农化效率和增强人们保护耕地积极性的政策建议。
With economic development and the acceleration of urbanization process, contradictions between people and land resource become more and more prominent. Nowadays, under the advocacy of sustainable development, people began to attach importance to the rational utilization and protection of cultivated land resource. Comprehensive understanding and evaluating the value of cultivated land resource become one of the hot topics.
From study of home and abroad, the cultivated land resource not only has the market value, but also has the non-market value that accounts for a large proportion of the total value. However, due to the non- market value of cultivated land resource can't be actually perceived by the people, so for a long time, many people do not have a truly comprehensive understanding and assessment of the value of cultivated land resource. From the perspective of sustainable development, evaluating the non-market value of cultivated land resource is of great significance to resource conservation and management decision-making. As the standard evaluation methods of evaluating value of natural resource, the Contingent Valuation Method, is widely used to evaluate the non-market values both at home and abroad, can evaluate integrally the non- market value of cultivated land resource.
Basing on the introduction of concept of non-market value of cultivated land resource, this paper gave the theoretical basis of evaluating the non-market value of cultivated land resource, introduced some of the major Valuation Methods used by natural resource evaluation, and then analyzed the Contingent Valuation Method used by this paper. This paper analyzed and commented the origin, economic theory, and systematically studied the of the questionnaire design, survey techniques, data processing as well as bias eliminating. After that, this paper evaluated the non-market value of cultivated land resource of Nanjing city, calculated the non-market value of cultivated land resource of Nanjing in 2008, about 8.789 billion Yuan. In addition, study also showed that willingness to pay of residents would be influenced by the awareness of non-market value of cultivated land resource, educational level, household income and other factors. Therefore, to enhance the education of recognizing and protecting cultivated land resource, develop economics, as well as improving the people's income levels are the fundamental ways to increase the value of cultivated land resource.
Empirical analysis shows that, the cultivated land resource has great non-market value, but the existing system of land requisition compensation and land prices used by the agricultural and non-agricultural of cultivated land resource, have not considered the non-market value of cultivated land resource. In the end, this paper set perspective from the comprehensive understanding of the value of cultivated land resource, put forward the policy proposal of bringing the non- market value of cultivated land resource into the requisition compensation system and the decision-making of agricultural and non-agricultural of cultivated land resource, thus to improve the efficiency of agricultural and non-agricultural of cultivated land resource and enhance the activity of protecting cultivated land resource.
引文
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