基于G/S模式的数字旅游工程及其评估技术研究
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摘要
随着“数字地球”从概念模型走向应用,“数字地球”提出的诸多设想已变成现实,并已极大的方便了公众生活。旅游是以地球为依托的领域,公众是旅游的主体,将“数字地球”服务大众的理念应用到旅游中,建立数字旅游工程,可以不断推进旅游业数字化的进程,从而满足大众化用户对数字化、智能化旅游信息、旅游服务以及旅游体验等旅游数字化的需求。
实现数字旅游工程需要大众化的空间信息服务模式的支持,G/S模式作为一种新型的、面向大众的空间信息网络服务模式,借鉴了C/S和B/S模式的优点,其G端既具有C端的强大功能,也具有B端的简单通用性、易于分布性;而S端既具有C/S模式中S端的快速性,也具有B/S模式中S端的功能多样性。因此将G/S模式与数字旅游工程相结合,建立基于G/S模式的数字旅游工程,将为探索和建立新地理信息时代下以服务为核心的大众化空间信息服务应用平台提供理论依据和应用模型。
基于G/S模式的数字旅游工程是新地理信息时代下实现数字旅游工程的一种新途径,其创新性和前瞻性与探索性和不确定性共存。因此需要对其进行定量评估来判定采用G/S模式构建数字旅游工程的可行性、有效性和优越性。评估一方面要反映基于G/S模式的数字旅游工程所涉及的各专业领域(旅游、信息化、产业化、空间信息技术等领域)专家对其数字化程度、产业化程度以及发展潜力的专业化评估;另一方面也要反映基于G/S模式数字旅游工程所服务的大众用户(游客、商家和管理部门)对其满意程度的大众化评估。评估结果不仅为进一步完善基于G/S模式的数字旅游工程的理论体系和技术架构体系提供客观、准确的反馈信息,还为减少当前旅游信息化建设中的大量重复开发和数据重复建设工作提供决策依据。此外,对基于G/S模式的数字旅游工程的评估技术对旅游行业的信息化评估和其他数字工程的评估均具有借鉴意义。
本文针对目前空间信息网络化、大众化和实时化应用需求日益增长的发展趋势,综合考虑我国数字旅游研究中存在的问题和现有空间信息网络服务模式因其架构体系在海量空间数据的存储、计算和访问等方面存在瓶颈的不足,从研究数字旅游工程理论体系出发,将G/S模式用于数字旅游工程,从空间信息服务的信息流程角度,对基于G/S模式的数字旅游工程进行了深入研究;同时分析了影响基于G/S模式的数字旅游工程评估的因素,分别建立了基于G/S模式的数字旅游工程的行业专家评价指标体系和大众用户评价指标体系,并对各级指标进行了数值化定义,通过逐层计算各指标体系中各层指标的指标值和权重值,定量评估了基于G/S模式的数字旅游工程。概括起来,本文取得的主要研究成果和贡献包括:
1.明确了G/S模式的“客户端聚合服务”工作机制。在对现有空间信息网络服务模式及其应用进行研究的基础上,通过分析空间信息服务的信息流程特点和结构体系,将网格计算和云计算中的“聚合”理念融入G/S模式,明确了G/S模式的工作机制是基于“请求-聚合-服务”计算模式的客户端聚合服务,为深入研究G/S模式的理论和技术体系奠定了基础。
2.初步建立了基于G/S模式的数字旅游工程的理论框架和技术架构体系。从“数字地球”框架的角度,提出涵盖旅游信息和旅游服务的数字旅游工程概念,重新诠释了数字旅游工程的含义、理论依据、框架体系、空间划分等内容,并将G/S空间信息服务模式用于数字旅游工程,从信息流程的角度对基于G/S模式的数字旅游工程的架构体系和运行机制进行了分析研究,初步建立了基于G/S模式的数字旅游工程的理论体系和技术架构体系,为建立新地理信息时代下以“服务”为核心的大众化空间信息服务应用平台提供理论依据和应用模型。
3.提出了一套基于G/S模式的数字旅游工程评价指标体系和评估方法。综合考虑了基础设施、数据支持、技术体系、应用平台、产业关联度、安全保障体系和规划组织对基于G/S模式的数字旅游工程的影响,分别设计了层次化的基于G/S模式的数字旅游工程的专家评价指标体系和用户评价指标体系,并分别提出了适用于专家和大众用户的评估方法,通过计算措施层、准则层和目标层各指标的指标值和权重值,最终由各层指标的指标值和权重值推算出用户和专家对基于G/S模式的数字旅游工程的评估值,实现了对基于G/S模式的数字旅游工程的定量评估。得到的评估结果既能够反应基于G/S模式的数字旅游工程建设程度,也能够反应大众用户对该数字旅游工程的满意程度,为更加全面而准确地评估数字旅游工程奠定了理论基础。
4.搭建了一个评估基于G/S模式的数字旅游工程的网络平台。参与基于G/S模式的数字旅游工程评估的人员涉及行业专家和大众用户,具有人员类型和数量较多、评估数据量大等特点。为了便于参评者参加评估和提高评估效率,开发了网络环境下能够评估基于G/S模式的数字旅游工程的应用软件系统。该系统采用B/S架构模式,前台通过Web页面实现参评者与评估系统的功能交互,后台通过数据库管理行业专家和大众用户调查问卷。该系统能够按照本文提出的评估方法实现行业专家和大众用户对基于G/S模式的数字旅游工程的评估,对建立数字旅游工程评估系统以及其他信息化评估平台均具有一定的借鉴价值和推广价值。
With the development of Digital Earth transformed from a conceptual model into the practical applications, many assumptions from Digital Earth have become realities, and greatly facilitated the public life. Tourism is the field relying on the earth, then putting the idea of Digital Earth into tourism and building the digital tourism engineering, the digital process of tourism can be advanced constantly, which meets the needs of tourism digitalization among the society, groups and individuals.
The implementation of digital tourism engineering needs the public spatial information service model support, while G/S (Geo-browser/Spatial Data Servers) model as a novel and public spatial information network service model, which takes the advantages owned by both B/S and C/S model as the references.One hand, Geo-browser has the powerful functions of Client in C/S model, and the characteristics of simplicity, universal and easy distribution of Web Browser in B/S model. On the other hand, special data servers have the rapidity of Server in C/S model, and functional diversity of Server in B/S model. Therefore, combining G/S model with digital tourism to build the digital tourism engineering based on G/S model, the theoretical basis and application model will be provided for exploring and constructing the spatial information service application platforms, which take services as the core in the era of Neogeography.
The digital tourism engineering based on G/S model is the novel approach of implementing the digital tourism under the background of Neogeography, while its innovation and prospectivity coexist with its exploratory and uncertainty. Therefore, it is necessary to present the quantitative evaluation for it, by which we are able to determine the feasibility, effectiveness and superiority produced by adopting G/S model to build the digital tourism engineering. The results of evaluation should reflect the special evaluation of the digitalization degree, industrialization degree and development potential of the digital tourism engineering based on G/S model, which are performed by experts who are in the relevant professional fields of digital tourism engineering, such as tourism, informationization, industrialization and spatial information technology, etc. At the same time, the results of evaluation should also reflect the public evaluation for the satisfaction degree of the digital tourism engineering based on G/S model, which are performed by mass users, such as tourists, trade companies and management departments, etc. In addition, the evaluation of the digital tourism engineering based on G/S model has the reference value for the tourism informatization evaluation and the evaluation of other digital engineering, and provides the decision basis for reducing the repeated development and repeated construction of data in tourism information construction at present.
Aiming at both the increasing development trend of the network, popular and real-time application demand of the spatial information, problems existed in research on digital tourism of our country, and deficiencies of the existing spatial information network service model which is the bottleneck in storage, computation and access of the abundant spatial data caused by its architecture system, are considered synthetically. In this paper, from the beginning of research on digital tourism engineering theoretical system, a more in-depth study on digital tourism engineering based on G/S model has been conducted, and the factors effected the evaluation of digital tourism engineering have been analyzed. The factor evaluation systems are constructed respectively for mass users and experts, and factors in each level are defined as numerical value. By computing the factor value and weight of every level using different method respectively, the digital tourism engineering based on G/S model can be evaluated quantitatively. Specially, the dissertation summarizes the main results achieved in the following aspects:
1. It is clarified that Service Composition on Client is the working mechanism of G/S model. On the basis of the research on the existing spatial information network service model and its application, by analyzing the characteristics and structure system of information flow during the course of spatial information service, the idea of composition from grid computing and cloud computing is merged into G/S model. Meanwhile, it points out definitely the working mechanism of G/S model is the service composition on client built on the basis of Request- Composition-Server computing mode, laying the foundation for the deep research on the theoretical and technical system of G/S model.
2. Digital tourism engineering theoretical system and technical architecture system have been preliminarily formed. From the view of framework of Digital Earth, the concept of digital tourism engineering covering both tourism information and tourism service is presented, and contents of digital tourism engineering such as the connotation, theoretical basis, framework system and space partition, etc. are reinterpreted. At the same time, applying G/S spatial information service model to digital tourism engineering, and from the view of information flow, it researches and analyzes the architecture system and working mechanism of digital tourism engineering based on G/S model, meanwhile, digital tourism engineering theoretical system and technical architecture system have been preliminarily formed. It will provide the theoretical basis and application model for constructing the spatial information service application platforms, which take services as the core in the era of Neogeography.
3. A set of factor evaluation system and evaluation method of digital tourism engineering based on G/S model are presented. The effects on the digital tourism engineering based on G/S model caused by infrastructure construction, data support, technology system, application platforms, industry measure system, security system, planning and organizing, and etc, are considered synthetically. The hierarchy factor evaluation systems are constructed respectively for mass users and experts, while presenting the corresponding evaluation method for them. By computing the factor value and factor weight of each factor located in action level, criteria level and target level, the evaluation value of digital tourism engineering based on G/S model, which are evaluated by experts and mass users, is worked out through computing the factor value and weight located in each level, and eventually implementing the quantitative evaluation of digital tourism engineering based on G/S model. The evaluation results obtained are able to show more accurate value of evaluation gave by experts and mass users of digital tourism engineering based on G/S model, and lays theoretical foundation for improving the accuracy of evaluation.
4. The network platform of digital tourism engineering evaluating system based on G/S model is constructed. The personnel involved in evaluation of digital tourism engineering based on G/S model include industry experts and mass users which is the characteristics of large number, large type and large data quantity. In order to facilitate the participants to evaluate and improve the evaluation efficiency, the application software is used in digital tourism engineering evaluation based on G/S model under the network environment. The system is based on B/S model, and the foreground is in charge of interaction with users by Web pages, as well as the background is in charge of database management. The system is able to finish the evaluation of experts and mass users rapidly according to evaluation methods presented in dissertation, and it has some reference value and popularization value to construct digital tourism engineering evaluating system and information platform in other fields.
实现数字旅游工程需要大众化的空间信息服务模式的支持,G/S模式作为一种新型的、面向大众的空间信息网络服务模式,借鉴了C/S和B/S模式的优点,其G端既具有C端的强大功能,也具有B端的简单通用性、易于分布性;而S端既具有C/S模式中S端的快速性,也具有B/S模式中S端的功能多样性。因此将G/S模式与数字旅游工程相结合,建立基于G/S模式的数字旅游工程,将为探索和建立新地理信息时代下以服务为核心的大众化空间信息服务应用平台提供理论依据和应用模型。
基于G/S模式的数字旅游工程是新地理信息时代下实现数字旅游工程的一种新途径,其创新性和前瞻性与探索性和不确定性共存。因此需要对其进行定量评估来判定采用G/S模式构建数字旅游工程的可行性、有效性和优越性。评估一方面要反映基于G/S模式的数字旅游工程所涉及的各专业领域(旅游、信息化、产业化、空间信息技术等领域)专家对其数字化程度、产业化程度以及发展潜力的专业化评估;另一方面也要反映基于G/S模式数字旅游工程所服务的大众用户(游客、商家和管理部门)对其满意程度的大众化评估。评估结果不仅为进一步完善基于G/S模式的数字旅游工程的理论体系和技术架构体系提供客观、准确的反馈信息,还为减少当前旅游信息化建设中的大量重复开发和数据重复建设工作提供决策依据。此外,对基于G/S模式的数字旅游工程的评估技术对旅游行业的信息化评估和其他数字工程的评估均具有借鉴意义。
本文针对目前空间信息网络化、大众化和实时化应用需求日益增长的发展趋势,综合考虑我国数字旅游研究中存在的问题和现有空间信息网络服务模式因其架构体系在海量空间数据的存储、计算和访问等方面存在瓶颈的不足,从研究数字旅游工程理论体系出发,将G/S模式用于数字旅游工程,从空间信息服务的信息流程角度,对基于G/S模式的数字旅游工程进行了深入研究;同时分析了影响基于G/S模式的数字旅游工程评估的因素,分别建立了基于G/S模式的数字旅游工程的行业专家评价指标体系和大众用户评价指标体系,并对各级指标进行了数值化定义,通过逐层计算各指标体系中各层指标的指标值和权重值,定量评估了基于G/S模式的数字旅游工程。概括起来,本文取得的主要研究成果和贡献包括:
1.明确了G/S模式的“客户端聚合服务”工作机制。在对现有空间信息网络服务模式及其应用进行研究的基础上,通过分析空间信息服务的信息流程特点和结构体系,将网格计算和云计算中的“聚合”理念融入G/S模式,明确了G/S模式的工作机制是基于“请求-聚合-服务”计算模式的客户端聚合服务,为深入研究G/S模式的理论和技术体系奠定了基础。
2.初步建立了基于G/S模式的数字旅游工程的理论框架和技术架构体系。从“数字地球”框架的角度,提出涵盖旅游信息和旅游服务的数字旅游工程概念,重新诠释了数字旅游工程的含义、理论依据、框架体系、空间划分等内容,并将G/S空间信息服务模式用于数字旅游工程,从信息流程的角度对基于G/S模式的数字旅游工程的架构体系和运行机制进行了分析研究,初步建立了基于G/S模式的数字旅游工程的理论体系和技术架构体系,为建立新地理信息时代下以“服务”为核心的大众化空间信息服务应用平台提供理论依据和应用模型。
3.提出了一套基于G/S模式的数字旅游工程评价指标体系和评估方法。综合考虑了基础设施、数据支持、技术体系、应用平台、产业关联度、安全保障体系和规划组织对基于G/S模式的数字旅游工程的影响,分别设计了层次化的基于G/S模式的数字旅游工程的专家评价指标体系和用户评价指标体系,并分别提出了适用于专家和大众用户的评估方法,通过计算措施层、准则层和目标层各指标的指标值和权重值,最终由各层指标的指标值和权重值推算出用户和专家对基于G/S模式的数字旅游工程的评估值,实现了对基于G/S模式的数字旅游工程的定量评估。得到的评估结果既能够反应基于G/S模式的数字旅游工程建设程度,也能够反应大众用户对该数字旅游工程的满意程度,为更加全面而准确地评估数字旅游工程奠定了理论基础。
4.搭建了一个评估基于G/S模式的数字旅游工程的网络平台。参与基于G/S模式的数字旅游工程评估的人员涉及行业专家和大众用户,具有人员类型和数量较多、评估数据量大等特点。为了便于参评者参加评估和提高评估效率,开发了网络环境下能够评估基于G/S模式的数字旅游工程的应用软件系统。该系统采用B/S架构模式,前台通过Web页面实现参评者与评估系统的功能交互,后台通过数据库管理行业专家和大众用户调查问卷。该系统能够按照本文提出的评估方法实现行业专家和大众用户对基于G/S模式的数字旅游工程的评估,对建立数字旅游工程评估系统以及其他信息化评估平台均具有一定的借鉴价值和推广价值。
With the development of Digital Earth transformed from a conceptual model into the practical applications, many assumptions from Digital Earth have become realities, and greatly facilitated the public life. Tourism is the field relying on the earth, then putting the idea of Digital Earth into tourism and building the digital tourism engineering, the digital process of tourism can be advanced constantly, which meets the needs of tourism digitalization among the society, groups and individuals.
The implementation of digital tourism engineering needs the public spatial information service model support, while G/S (Geo-browser/Spatial Data Servers) model as a novel and public spatial information network service model, which takes the advantages owned by both B/S and C/S model as the references.One hand, Geo-browser has the powerful functions of Client in C/S model, and the characteristics of simplicity, universal and easy distribution of Web Browser in B/S model. On the other hand, special data servers have the rapidity of Server in C/S model, and functional diversity of Server in B/S model. Therefore, combining G/S model with digital tourism to build the digital tourism engineering based on G/S model, the theoretical basis and application model will be provided for exploring and constructing the spatial information service application platforms, which take services as the core in the era of Neogeography.
The digital tourism engineering based on G/S model is the novel approach of implementing the digital tourism under the background of Neogeography, while its innovation and prospectivity coexist with its exploratory and uncertainty. Therefore, it is necessary to present the quantitative evaluation for it, by which we are able to determine the feasibility, effectiveness and superiority produced by adopting G/S model to build the digital tourism engineering. The results of evaluation should reflect the special evaluation of the digitalization degree, industrialization degree and development potential of the digital tourism engineering based on G/S model, which are performed by experts who are in the relevant professional fields of digital tourism engineering, such as tourism, informationization, industrialization and spatial information technology, etc. At the same time, the results of evaluation should also reflect the public evaluation for the satisfaction degree of the digital tourism engineering based on G/S model, which are performed by mass users, such as tourists, trade companies and management departments, etc. In addition, the evaluation of the digital tourism engineering based on G/S model has the reference value for the tourism informatization evaluation and the evaluation of other digital engineering, and provides the decision basis for reducing the repeated development and repeated construction of data in tourism information construction at present.
Aiming at both the increasing development trend of the network, popular and real-time application demand of the spatial information, problems existed in research on digital tourism of our country, and deficiencies of the existing spatial information network service model which is the bottleneck in storage, computation and access of the abundant spatial data caused by its architecture system, are considered synthetically. In this paper, from the beginning of research on digital tourism engineering theoretical system, a more in-depth study on digital tourism engineering based on G/S model has been conducted, and the factors effected the evaluation of digital tourism engineering have been analyzed. The factor evaluation systems are constructed respectively for mass users and experts, and factors in each level are defined as numerical value. By computing the factor value and weight of every level using different method respectively, the digital tourism engineering based on G/S model can be evaluated quantitatively. Specially, the dissertation summarizes the main results achieved in the following aspects:
1. It is clarified that Service Composition on Client is the working mechanism of G/S model. On the basis of the research on the existing spatial information network service model and its application, by analyzing the characteristics and structure system of information flow during the course of spatial information service, the idea of composition from grid computing and cloud computing is merged into G/S model. Meanwhile, it points out definitely the working mechanism of G/S model is the service composition on client built on the basis of Request- Composition-Server computing mode, laying the foundation for the deep research on the theoretical and technical system of G/S model.
2. Digital tourism engineering theoretical system and technical architecture system have been preliminarily formed. From the view of framework of Digital Earth, the concept of digital tourism engineering covering both tourism information and tourism service is presented, and contents of digital tourism engineering such as the connotation, theoretical basis, framework system and space partition, etc. are reinterpreted. At the same time, applying G/S spatial information service model to digital tourism engineering, and from the view of information flow, it researches and analyzes the architecture system and working mechanism of digital tourism engineering based on G/S model, meanwhile, digital tourism engineering theoretical system and technical architecture system have been preliminarily formed. It will provide the theoretical basis and application model for constructing the spatial information service application platforms, which take services as the core in the era of Neogeography.
3. A set of factor evaluation system and evaluation method of digital tourism engineering based on G/S model are presented. The effects on the digital tourism engineering based on G/S model caused by infrastructure construction, data support, technology system, application platforms, industry measure system, security system, planning and organizing, and etc, are considered synthetically. The hierarchy factor evaluation systems are constructed respectively for mass users and experts, while presenting the corresponding evaluation method for them. By computing the factor value and factor weight of each factor located in action level, criteria level and target level, the evaluation value of digital tourism engineering based on G/S model, which are evaluated by experts and mass users, is worked out through computing the factor value and weight located in each level, and eventually implementing the quantitative evaluation of digital tourism engineering based on G/S model. The evaluation results obtained are able to show more accurate value of evaluation gave by experts and mass users of digital tourism engineering based on G/S model, and lays theoretical foundation for improving the accuracy of evaluation.
4. The network platform of digital tourism engineering evaluating system based on G/S model is constructed. The personnel involved in evaluation of digital tourism engineering based on G/S model include industry experts and mass users which is the characteristics of large number, large type and large data quantity. In order to facilitate the participants to evaluate and improve the evaluation efficiency, the application software is used in digital tourism engineering evaluation based on G/S model under the network environment. The system is based on B/S model, and the foreground is in charge of interaction with users by Web pages, as well as the background is in charge of database management. The system is able to finish the evaluation of experts and mass users rapidly according to evaluation methods presented in dissertation, and it has some reference value and popularization value to construct digital tourism engineering evaluating system and information platform in other fields.
引文
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