基于DSP的径赛终点图像采集与成绩判读系统研究
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摘要
在涉及赛跑类的体育比赛中,运动员成绩的准确程度,是由高精度的计时和精确的终点定位共同决定的。高精度的计时很容易实现,但精确的终点定位,人眼已无法完成,必须借助于电子摄像技术。目前,国内已研究出黑白终点图像采集与成绩判读系统,并应用在小型田径比赛上,其判读速度有限,而且不方便移植。我国举行的大型赛会,终点成绩判读系统仍然从国外引进。国外产品价格昂贵,不适合广泛推广使用,研制出一种具有我国自主知识产权的、成绩判读迅速、准确、方便的径赛终点成绩判读系统是体育事业发展的需要,同时也是市场的需要,更重要的是走民族体育科技之路的需要。
本文将DSP(Digital Signal Processing)处理器和彩色线阵CCD(Charge CoupledDevice)图像传感器应用到径赛终点图像采集与成绩判读系统中,对径赛终点图像的采集、存储和预处理进行了深入的研究。DSP作为终点图像采集的控制中心,负责图像的存储、预处理,同时通过USB(Universal Serial Bus)接口与主控计算机进行通信,将处理好的图像上传给主控计算机;主控计算机完成对运动员成绩的判读;彩色线阵CCD作为图像采集的传感器,同步采集红、绿、蓝三路信号,并行传输给DSP。本文主要论述了径赛终点图像采集与判读系统的主要组成,工作原理及实现方法。研究了CCD的性能参数对CCD输出信号的影响,设计出了适合本系统的CCD驱动电路,使成绩判读精度达到千分之一秒。通过对系统需求进行分析,选取了合适的DSP芯片,介绍了其特有的适合本研究的性能特点,并着重解决了三路彩色信号同步采集的软硬件设计及实现方法,同时实现了线阵CCD像素数多而不漏采的问题以及时标填充时机问题。对CCD采集图像过程中影响图像质量的各种因素进行了深入的分析,并提出了从硬件方面选取了专门完成相关双采样的芯片和差动放大器来拟制噪声干扰,提高信噪比;从软件方面,通过不同的数字图像处理技术来改善图像的显示效果。本文的重点在于对终点图像进行采集、存储和预处理,为接下来在主控计算机上进行成绩判读做铺垫。将对图像的存储与预处理转移到DSP中,减轻了计算机的负担,使得成绩的判读速度明显提高,而且便于移植;将彩色线阵CCD取代现有系统中的黑白CCD,使得判读更准确。本文也提出了目前系统存在的不足之处和今后发展的方向。
In sports competitions which include race, the accuracy of the athletes' results is decided by high-precision timing and accurate locking in the end point. High-precision timing is very easy to achieve, but the accurate locking in the end point, has been unable to complete through human eye, we must use electronic camera technology. At present, the black-and-white image acquisition and score judge system has been developed and used in small track events in our country. The speed of judge is limited and inconvenient for transplantation. In large-scale tournament, the terminal timer equipments primarily made abroad. Foreign products are very expensive and not suitable for extensive usage. So, it is the need for the development of sports undertakings, also the needs of the market and the most important, and the needs of following the road of national sports science and technology to develop a terminal score judge equipment which has quick, accurate and convenient score judge ability and especially has China's own intellectual property rights. This paper applied DSP (Digital Signal Processing) processor and color linear CCD (Charge Coupled Device) image sensor to the acquisition of terminal image in track events and score judge system. The acquisition of terminal image in track events and pre-processing are carried out in-depth research. DSP as control centre of a terminal image acquisition is responsible for image storage and pretreatment. At the same time, DSP communicates to the master control computer via a USB (Universal Serial Bus) interface and uploads the image to it. The master control computer completes the judge of the athletes' scores. Color linear CCD as image sensor synchronously acquires red, green and blue signals and transmits to the DSP in parallel. This paper focused on the main composing, working principle and realization method of the terminal score judge. The article studied the influences caused by CCD functional parameter to the CCD deferent signal and made the precision up to 1/1000 second through designing appropriate CCD drive circuit. Through the analysis of system requirements, selected the appropriate DSP chip and introduced for its unique performance characteristics of this study, and focused on the design and implementation of hardware and software for synchronization acquisition of the three-way color signal, and achieved no pixel missed accqusision and the fill of time sign. Trough the in-depth analysis of various factors which impact image quality in the process of acquisition of CCD image, proposed two methods. In hardware aspect, selected the chip which has special correlated double sampling circuit and Differential Amplifier to restrain the noise interference and improve Signal Noise Ratio, while in software, took various digital image processing techniques to improve the manifestation result. The keystone of this article was to achieve acquisition, storage and preprocessing of the terminal image, consequently, made pretreatment for score judge on the master control computer. It reduces the burden on the computer , improves obviously the speed of score judge and is ease of transplantation that image storage and pretreatment are processed on DSP instead of on the master computer; It makes judge more accurate using color linear CCD than using black-and-white CCD in the existing system. This paper also put forward the defects that exist in the current system and developing direction in the future.
本文将DSP(Digital Signal Processing)处理器和彩色线阵CCD(Charge CoupledDevice)图像传感器应用到径赛终点图像采集与成绩判读系统中,对径赛终点图像的采集、存储和预处理进行了深入的研究。DSP作为终点图像采集的控制中心,负责图像的存储、预处理,同时通过USB(Universal Serial Bus)接口与主控计算机进行通信,将处理好的图像上传给主控计算机;主控计算机完成对运动员成绩的判读;彩色线阵CCD作为图像采集的传感器,同步采集红、绿、蓝三路信号,并行传输给DSP。本文主要论述了径赛终点图像采集与判读系统的主要组成,工作原理及实现方法。研究了CCD的性能参数对CCD输出信号的影响,设计出了适合本系统的CCD驱动电路,使成绩判读精度达到千分之一秒。通过对系统需求进行分析,选取了合适的DSP芯片,介绍了其特有的适合本研究的性能特点,并着重解决了三路彩色信号同步采集的软硬件设计及实现方法,同时实现了线阵CCD像素数多而不漏采的问题以及时标填充时机问题。对CCD采集图像过程中影响图像质量的各种因素进行了深入的分析,并提出了从硬件方面选取了专门完成相关双采样的芯片和差动放大器来拟制噪声干扰,提高信噪比;从软件方面,通过不同的数字图像处理技术来改善图像的显示效果。本文的重点在于对终点图像进行采集、存储和预处理,为接下来在主控计算机上进行成绩判读做铺垫。将对图像的存储与预处理转移到DSP中,减轻了计算机的负担,使得成绩的判读速度明显提高,而且便于移植;将彩色线阵CCD取代现有系统中的黑白CCD,使得判读更准确。本文也提出了目前系统存在的不足之处和今后发展的方向。
In sports competitions which include race, the accuracy of the athletes' results is decided by high-precision timing and accurate locking in the end point. High-precision timing is very easy to achieve, but the accurate locking in the end point, has been unable to complete through human eye, we must use electronic camera technology. At present, the black-and-white image acquisition and score judge system has been developed and used in small track events in our country. The speed of judge is limited and inconvenient for transplantation. In large-scale tournament, the terminal timer equipments primarily made abroad. Foreign products are very expensive and not suitable for extensive usage. So, it is the need for the development of sports undertakings, also the needs of the market and the most important, and the needs of following the road of national sports science and technology to develop a terminal score judge equipment which has quick, accurate and convenient score judge ability and especially has China's own intellectual property rights. This paper applied DSP (Digital Signal Processing) processor and color linear CCD (Charge Coupled Device) image sensor to the acquisition of terminal image in track events and score judge system. The acquisition of terminal image in track events and pre-processing are carried out in-depth research. DSP as control centre of a terminal image acquisition is responsible for image storage and pretreatment. At the same time, DSP communicates to the master control computer via a USB (Universal Serial Bus) interface and uploads the image to it. The master control computer completes the judge of the athletes' scores. Color linear CCD as image sensor synchronously acquires red, green and blue signals and transmits to the DSP in parallel. This paper focused on the main composing, working principle and realization method of the terminal score judge. The article studied the influences caused by CCD functional parameter to the CCD deferent signal and made the precision up to 1/1000 second through designing appropriate CCD drive circuit. Through the analysis of system requirements, selected the appropriate DSP chip and introduced for its unique performance characteristics of this study, and focused on the design and implementation of hardware and software for synchronization acquisition of the three-way color signal, and achieved no pixel missed accqusision and the fill of time sign. Trough the in-depth analysis of various factors which impact image quality in the process of acquisition of CCD image, proposed two methods. In hardware aspect, selected the chip which has special correlated double sampling circuit and Differential Amplifier to restrain the noise interference and improve Signal Noise Ratio, while in software, took various digital image processing techniques to improve the manifestation result. The keystone of this article was to achieve acquisition, storage and preprocessing of the terminal image, consequently, made pretreatment for score judge on the master control computer. It reduces the burden on the computer , improves obviously the speed of score judge and is ease of transplantation that image storage and pretreatment are processed on DSP instead of on the master computer; It makes judge more accurate using color linear CCD than using black-and-white CCD in the existing system. This paper also put forward the defects that exist in the current system and developing direction in the future.
引文
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