城市滨水地段环境的亲水性研究
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摘要
水给喧闹的城市注入自然的生机与诗意。人对于水的依赖、向往充分体现了人与自然的密切关系。城市滨水地段是城市环境中最具生命力的场所。在滨水环境诸多构成要素中，亲水性问题是体现“水”的特性的关键。因此滨水地段环境规划设计的亲水性特征成为不可忽视的课题。
本文以城市滨水地段的环境景观为研究范畴，对建构亲水性环境的理论原则和方法体系进行了较为全面而深入的研究。
全文分为五章，第一章简述了国内外滨水区开发建设的背景及本课题的来源、研究目的、意义及研究方法；第二章从水的生态意义、文化意义、情感意义三方面阐述了人与水的密切关系，以期设计工作者在环境设计中对于人的亲水情感有足够的重视；第三章对本课题的研究范畴进行了界定，并从利于亲水环境塑造的角度对滨水城市进行了分类，并阐述了滨水地段对城市物理环境、自然生态环境和人文环境的意义；第四章借助环境心理学、行为学等学科的研究手段和分析问题的方法，围绕城市滨水地段环境建构中人的要素展开论述，得出亲水环境塑造的理论原则；第五章主要提出了较为系统的城市滨水地段亲水环境塑造的方法体系。
本文以环境心理学的理论为基础，并借鉴人体工程学、生态伦理学等人文科学的基础理论，详尽系统地论述了人们在城市滨水地段的亲水行为特征及其变化规律；同时也结合一些典型工程案例讨论我国目前相关工程的现状与建设经验，并与国外的成功案例进行比较，进而提出了切实符合人们心理和情感需求的环境建构理论和方法体系，以期在滨水地段的建筑和环境景观设计实践中真正体现对人的关怀。
Water injects natural life and poesy into a noisy city. People's reliance and yearning for water reflects the close relation of people and natural fully. The urban waterside area is the most vitality place in the city environment. In a great deal of composition elements of water environment in the waterside area, the question on hydrotropism is the key to reflecting characteristic of " water ". So the hydrophilic characteristic become the subject of environmental planning and design in the waterside area that can not be ignored.
Regarding environment and landscape of the urban waterside area as the category of studying, We make comparatively overall and thorough researches on the theory principle and method system constructed to build the environment with hydrophilic characteristic in this article.
The article comprises five chapters. Chapter one sketches the background of domestic and international urban waterfront development and building , and explains copies' source , research purpose , meaning and approach. Chapter two illustrate the close relation of human and water from ecological meaning , culture meaning , emotion meaning of water, which is used to design worker for having enough attention on human's hydrophilic emotion in the environmental design . Chapter three studys on this subject category, and makes classifies to the waterside city in term of benefitting the hydrophilic environment to mould, and has explained the waterside area's importance to the urban physics environment,ecological environment and meaning of the humane environment; In the chapter four, through the environmental psychology and behavioral science's research means and methods to analyse question, we launch describing which is construct key element of human himself on the building of urban waterside area environment , and
draw the theory principle about the hydrophilic environment moulding; In the chapter five, we mainly put forward one relatively systematic method system about moulding hydrophilic environment in
urban waterside area .
This article is based on the theory of environmental psychology, and draws lessons from the basic theories of the humanities , such as human engineering , ecological ethics ,etc, and makes a exhaustive and systematic study on the hydrophilic behavior characteristic and it's law of changing in the urban waterside area. At the same time, combining some typical cases,we discuss relevant current
situation of project and building experience at present in our country, we also compare that with foreign successful case. Finally, we put forward the theory and method system to build arid construct environment conscientiously which is accord with human's demand of psychology arid emotion, and expect to really reflect the care to people in the architecture and environmerital landscape design in urban waterside area.
本文以城市滨水地段的环境景观为研究范畴，对建构亲水性环境的理论原则和方法体系进行了较为全面而深入的研究。
全文分为五章，第一章简述了国内外滨水区开发建设的背景及本课题的来源、研究目的、意义及研究方法；第二章从水的生态意义、文化意义、情感意义三方面阐述了人与水的密切关系，以期设计工作者在环境设计中对于人的亲水情感有足够的重视；第三章对本课题的研究范畴进行了界定，并从利于亲水环境塑造的角度对滨水城市进行了分类，并阐述了滨水地段对城市物理环境、自然生态环境和人文环境的意义；第四章借助环境心理学、行为学等学科的研究手段和分析问题的方法，围绕城市滨水地段环境建构中人的要素展开论述，得出亲水环境塑造的理论原则；第五章主要提出了较为系统的城市滨水地段亲水环境塑造的方法体系。
本文以环境心理学的理论为基础，并借鉴人体工程学、生态伦理学等人文科学的基础理论，详尽系统地论述了人们在城市滨水地段的亲水行为特征及其变化规律；同时也结合一些典型工程案例讨论我国目前相关工程的现状与建设经验，并与国外的成功案例进行比较，进而提出了切实符合人们心理和情感需求的环境建构理论和方法体系，以期在滨水地段的建筑和环境景观设计实践中真正体现对人的关怀。
Water injects natural life and poesy into a noisy city. People's reliance and yearning for water reflects the close relation of people and natural fully. The urban waterside area is the most vitality place in the city environment. In a great deal of composition elements of water environment in the waterside area, the question on hydrotropism is the key to reflecting characteristic of " water ". So the hydrophilic characteristic become the subject of environmental planning and design in the waterside area that can not be ignored.
Regarding environment and landscape of the urban waterside area as the category of studying, We make comparatively overall and thorough researches on the theory principle and method system constructed to build the environment with hydrophilic characteristic in this article.
The article comprises five chapters. Chapter one sketches the background of domestic and international urban waterfront development and building , and explains copies' source , research purpose , meaning and approach. Chapter two illustrate the close relation of human and water from ecological meaning , culture meaning , emotion meaning of water, which is used to design worker for having enough attention on human's hydrophilic emotion in the environmental design . Chapter three studys on this subject category, and makes classifies to the waterside city in term of benefitting the hydrophilic environment to mould, and has explained the waterside area's importance to the urban physics environment,ecological environment and meaning of the humane environment; In the chapter four, through the environmental psychology and behavioral science's research means and methods to analyse question, we launch describing which is construct key element of human himself on the building of urban waterside area environment , and
draw the theory principle about the hydrophilic environment moulding; In the chapter five, we mainly put forward one relatively systematic method system about moulding hydrophilic environment in
urban waterside area .
This article is based on the theory of environmental psychology, and draws lessons from the basic theories of the humanities , such as human engineering , ecological ethics ,etc, and makes a exhaustive and systematic study on the hydrophilic behavior characteristic and it's law of changing in the urban waterside area. At the same time, combining some typical cases,we discuss relevant current
situation of project and building experience at present in our country, we also compare that with foreign successful case. Finally, we put forward the theory and method system to build arid construct environment conscientiously which is accord with human's demand of psychology arid emotion, and expect to really reflect the care to people in the architecture and environmerital landscape design in urban waterside area.
引文
[1] 邵益生，钱易．人与水．沈阳：辽宁人民出版社，2000．3，1
[2] Elizabeth Mcmillian. Living on the Water. London: Thames and Hudson Ltd, 1998, 8
[3] 汪德华．中国山水文化与城市规划．南京：东南大学出版社，2002，9
[4] 施春华．心灵本体的探索：神秘的原型(容格神秘心理学丛书)．哈尔滨：黑龙江人民出版社，2002
[5] 王建国，吕志鹏．世界城市滨水区开发建设的历史进程及其经验．城市规划，2001，7：42
[6] 柳孝图，陈思水，付秀章．社会的持续发展与城市物理环境．建筑学报，1996，4：30-33
[7] 孙鹏，王志芳．遵从自然过程的城市河流和滨水区景观设计．城市规划，2000，9：19
[8] L.Azeo.Torre. Waterfront Development.Van Nostrand Reinhold Library of Congress, 1989, 7
[9] Sin Van dre Ryn, Stuart Cowan.Ecological Design.Washington D.C:Island Press,1996,131-134
[10] 杨公侠．视觉与视觉环境．上海：同济大学出版社，1985，2
[11] (日)相马一郎，佐古顺彦．环境心理学．周畅，李曼曼 译．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1986，44-45
[12] (丹麦)S·E·拉斯姆森．建筑体验．刘亚芬译，王申祜 校．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1990，212
[13] 吴雅萍，高峻．城市中心区滨水空间形态设计模式探讨．规划师，2002，12：21-25
[14] Richard Registers.Ecocity Berkeley. North Atlantic Books,1987, 73
[15] 黄诽斐．巴塞罗那的城市更新．建筑学报，2002，5：59
[16] 孙成仁．城市景观设计．哈尔滨：黑龙江科学技术出版社，1999，147
[17] 王建国．城市设计．南京：东南大学出版社，1999，129
[18] (法)J·J德卢西奥——迈耶．视觉美学．李玮，周水涛 译．上海：上海人民美术出版社，1990，13
[19] (丹)杨·盖尔．交往与空间．何人可 译．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1992，149
[20] (美)凯文·林奇．城市的印象．项秉仁 译．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1990，157
[21] 张庭伟，冯晖，彭治权．城市滨水区设计与开发．上海：同济大学出版社，2002，
100
[22] 刘滨谊．现代景观规划设计．南京：东南大学出版社，1999，54
[23] 艾末末．金华市义乌江两岸大堤的改造设计．时代建筑，2003，5：74
[24] (日)樋口正一郎．巴塞罗那的环境艺术．苍峰等译．大连：大连理工大学出版社，2002，38
[25] 王向荣，林箐．西方现代景观设计的理论与实践．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2002，106
[26] 宋培抗．城市景观．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2001，199
[27] 黄健敏．生活中的公共艺术．长春：吉林科学技术出版社，2002，29
[28] 吴玛俐．德国公共空间艺术新方向．长春：吉林科学技术出版社，2002，55
[29] Ann Breen, Dick Rigby.The New Wterfront.Thames and Hundson,1996, 16-17
[30] (日)相关芳郎．庭园绿篱与地被．翁殊斐译．贵州：百通集团 贵州科技出版社，2002，78
[31] 区伟耕．门窗 墙垣 栏杆．乌鲁木齐：百通集团 新疆科技卫生出版社，2002，147
[32] 中国城市规划学会，中国建筑工业出版社．滨水景观．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2000．，111
[33] 白佐民，艾鸿镇．城市雕塑设计．天津：天津科学技术出版社，1985，33-50
[34] 周岚．城市空间美学．南京：东南大学出版社，2001．1，172
[35] (英)R·L·格列高里．视觉心理学．彭聃龄，杨曼译．北京：北京师范大学出版社，1986，106
[36] 郑乃铭．艺术家看公共艺术．长春：吉林科学技术出版社，2002，78
[37] 常怀生．建筑环境心理学．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1990，140
[38] Fred Bernstein.At the Land of Three Lakes Swiss Expo.02 floats a potpourri of architectural Expressions. Architecture Record, 2002, 8:74-76
[39] (美)R·卡逊．寂静的春天．吕瑞兰 译．北京：科学出版社，1979，87
[40] 宋水昌，刘光辉，王祥荣．城市生态学．华东师范大学出版，2000，79
[41] 李培超．环境伦理．北京：作家出版社，1998，95
[42] 郭国松．大河气喘．南方周末，第1005期，2003，5．15
[43] J.Barnett.Urban Design.In:The Practice of Government: Planning.Library of Congress, 1979,369-370
[2] Elizabeth Mcmillian. Living on the Water. London: Thames and Hudson Ltd, 1998, 8
[3] 汪德华．中国山水文化与城市规划．南京：东南大学出版社，2002，9
[4] 施春华．心灵本体的探索：神秘的原型(容格神秘心理学丛书)．哈尔滨：黑龙江人民出版社，2002
[5] 王建国，吕志鹏．世界城市滨水区开发建设的历史进程及其经验．城市规划，2001，7：42
[6] 柳孝图，陈思水，付秀章．社会的持续发展与城市物理环境．建筑学报，1996，4：30-33
[7] 孙鹏，王志芳．遵从自然过程的城市河流和滨水区景观设计．城市规划，2000，9：19
[8] L.Azeo.Torre. Waterfront Development.Van Nostrand Reinhold Library of Congress, 1989, 7
[9] Sin Van dre Ryn, Stuart Cowan.Ecological Design.Washington D.C:Island Press,1996,131-134
[10] 杨公侠．视觉与视觉环境．上海：同济大学出版社，1985，2
[11] (日)相马一郎，佐古顺彦．环境心理学．周畅，李曼曼 译．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1986，44-45
[12] (丹麦)S·E·拉斯姆森．建筑体验．刘亚芬译，王申祜 校．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1990，212
[13] 吴雅萍，高峻．城市中心区滨水空间形态设计模式探讨．规划师，2002，12：21-25
[14] Richard Registers.Ecocity Berkeley. North Atlantic Books,1987, 73
[15] 黄诽斐．巴塞罗那的城市更新．建筑学报，2002，5：59
[16] 孙成仁．城市景观设计．哈尔滨：黑龙江科学技术出版社，1999，147
[17] 王建国．城市设计．南京：东南大学出版社，1999，129
[18] (法)J·J德卢西奥——迈耶．视觉美学．李玮，周水涛 译．上海：上海人民美术出版社，1990，13
[19] (丹)杨·盖尔．交往与空间．何人可 译．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1992，149
[20] (美)凯文·林奇．城市的印象．项秉仁 译．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1990，157
[21] 张庭伟，冯晖，彭治权．城市滨水区设计与开发．上海：同济大学出版社，2002，
100
[22] 刘滨谊．现代景观规划设计．南京：东南大学出版社，1999，54
[23] 艾末末．金华市义乌江两岸大堤的改造设计．时代建筑，2003，5：74
[24] (日)樋口正一郎．巴塞罗那的环境艺术．苍峰等译．大连：大连理工大学出版社，2002，38
[25] 王向荣，林箐．西方现代景观设计的理论与实践．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2002，106
[26] 宋培抗．城市景观．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2001，199
[27] 黄健敏．生活中的公共艺术．长春：吉林科学技术出版社，2002，29
[28] 吴玛俐．德国公共空间艺术新方向．长春：吉林科学技术出版社，2002，55
[29] Ann Breen, Dick Rigby.The New Wterfront.Thames and Hundson,1996, 16-17
[30] (日)相关芳郎．庭园绿篱与地被．翁殊斐译．贵州：百通集团 贵州科技出版社，2002，78
[31] 区伟耕．门窗 墙垣 栏杆．乌鲁木齐：百通集团 新疆科技卫生出版社，2002，147
[32] 中国城市规划学会，中国建筑工业出版社．滨水景观．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2000．，111
[33] 白佐民，艾鸿镇．城市雕塑设计．天津：天津科学技术出版社，1985，33-50
[34] 周岚．城市空间美学．南京：东南大学出版社，2001．1，172
[35] (英)R·L·格列高里．视觉心理学．彭聃龄，杨曼译．北京：北京师范大学出版社，1986，106
[36] 郑乃铭．艺术家看公共艺术．长春：吉林科学技术出版社，2002，78
[37] 常怀生．建筑环境心理学．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1990，140
[38] Fred Bernstein.At the Land of Three Lakes Swiss Expo.02 floats a potpourri of architectural Expressions. Architecture Record, 2002, 8:74-76
[39] (美)R·卡逊．寂静的春天．吕瑞兰 译．北京：科学出版社，1979，87
[40] 宋水昌，刘光辉，王祥荣．城市生态学．华东师范大学出版，2000，79
[41] 李培超．环境伦理．北京：作家出版社，1998，95
[42] 郭国松．大河气喘．南方周末，第1005期，2003，5．15
[43] J.Barnett.Urban Design.In:The Practice of Government: Planning.Library of Congress, 1979,369-370