因水而润 缘山钟灵——创造多元的滨江山地城市广场环境艺术
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摘要
城市广场作为一个城市的标志，是人们进行交往、观赏、娱乐、休憩等活动的重要场所。在很大程度上体现了一个城市的风貌。是展现城市生活模式与社会文化内涵的舞台。目前，"广场热"已成为我国经济发展和人民精神生活水平不断提高的证明。
随着三峡移民建设的开展和西部大开发的启动，以山城重庆为代表的库区城市建设也在轰轰烈烈地进行中，作为一个城市的标志，建设城市广场也成为城市建设的重中之重。
论文从建设现代滨江山地城市广场，创造多元化的广场环境艺术入手，对建设滨江山地城市广场的设计原则、设计手法、地域文化特色和文脉的延续进行总结和探讨，并运用环境心理学的基本原则对广场使用者的使用行为和使用空间的合理性进行实地调查、分析、评估，提出合理化建议。力争为滨江山地城市创造一个健康、良好的广场环境艺术。
正文共分四个部分：
（一）以文献综述的方式对城市广场的定义,空间形态,发展背景和设计原则进行归纳。形成现代广场艺术的基本框架,并有针对性地对滨江山地广场环境艺术的现状和发展方向进行探索研究。
（二）采用归纳的方法，通过对以往文献理论的总结结合实例，提出滨江山地城市广场设计原则和设计方法，以及对地域文化特色和文脉延续的思考。
（三）介绍了环境心理学的一种调查分析方法--5W法。并运用社会调查的观测方法和数据分析的方法，来具体研究一个典型山地城市广场的使用行为与设计之间的关系，并提出场地环境改进意见。
（四）综合以上理论总结和设计方法，对一个滨江山城城市广场设计进行具体实践，并多元化的滨江山地城市广场环境艺术设计手法进行简要介绍和美学特征的评价。
As a symbol of city, urban square is an important place for people to carry out communication, sight-seeing, entertainment, rest and other activities. It embodies the view of the city to a great extent as a stage of displaying urban life pattern and social culture content. These days, "square craze" has become the proof of the economic development and the continuous rise of the people's spiritual living standard in our country.
With the development of the Three Gorges emigrant construction and the start of the West Development, as well as the urban construction in reservoir area represented by Chongqing - the mountain city being carried out vigorously, building urban square, as a symbol of the city, has become the most important thing in the urban construction.
Starting with constructing the modern urban square in riverside mountainous area and creating multivariate arts of square environment, the paper sums up and inquires into the designing principles, designing skills, regional characteristics in culture and the continuance of cultural sequence and also utilizes the fundamental principles of the environmental psychology to investigate on the spot, analyze and evaluate the rationality of the users' utilization behavior and utilization space, and puts forward rational proposals, striving to create a healthy and excellent square environmental arts for riverside mountain city.
The body of the paper is divided into four sections:
Section One: By the method of summarizing the literature, the paper summarizes the definition, spatial shape, development background and designing principles of the urban square, thus forming the fundamental frame of the arts of modern square. With specific aim, it also conducts an exploratory study of the current status and the developmental direction of the square environmental arts in the riverside mountainous area.
Section Two: Through summing up the previous theories in literature and combining them with the cases, the paper utilizes summarizing method to come up with the designing principles and designing methods of the urban square in the riverside mountainous area, and the consideration of the regional characteristics in culture and the continuance of cultural sequence.
Section Three: The paper introduces an investigative analysis method of
environmental psychology ---five Ws. By observing method of the investigation of the society and data analysis method, it also concretely studies the relationship between the utilizing behavior of one typical urban square in mountainous area and its design and raises idea of improving its site environment.
Section Four: Integrating the theoretical summary and the designing method of the above, the paper applies the result to the concrete practice of the urban square design in the mountain city by the river.
随着三峡移民建设的开展和西部大开发的启动，以山城重庆为代表的库区城市建设也在轰轰烈烈地进行中，作为一个城市的标志，建设城市广场也成为城市建设的重中之重。
论文从建设现代滨江山地城市广场，创造多元化的广场环境艺术入手，对建设滨江山地城市广场的设计原则、设计手法、地域文化特色和文脉的延续进行总结和探讨，并运用环境心理学的基本原则对广场使用者的使用行为和使用空间的合理性进行实地调查、分析、评估，提出合理化建议。力争为滨江山地城市创造一个健康、良好的广场环境艺术。
正文共分四个部分：
（一）以文献综述的方式对城市广场的定义,空间形态,发展背景和设计原则进行归纳。形成现代广场艺术的基本框架,并有针对性地对滨江山地广场环境艺术的现状和发展方向进行探索研究。
（二）采用归纳的方法，通过对以往文献理论的总结结合实例，提出滨江山地城市广场设计原则和设计方法，以及对地域文化特色和文脉延续的思考。
（三）介绍了环境心理学的一种调查分析方法--5W法。并运用社会调查的观测方法和数据分析的方法，来具体研究一个典型山地城市广场的使用行为与设计之间的关系，并提出场地环境改进意见。
（四）综合以上理论总结和设计方法，对一个滨江山城城市广场设计进行具体实践，并多元化的滨江山地城市广场环境艺术设计手法进行简要介绍和美学特征的评价。
As a symbol of city, urban square is an important place for people to carry out communication, sight-seeing, entertainment, rest and other activities. It embodies the view of the city to a great extent as a stage of displaying urban life pattern and social culture content. These days, "square craze" has become the proof of the economic development and the continuous rise of the people's spiritual living standard in our country.
With the development of the Three Gorges emigrant construction and the start of the West Development, as well as the urban construction in reservoir area represented by Chongqing - the mountain city being carried out vigorously, building urban square, as a symbol of the city, has become the most important thing in the urban construction.
Starting with constructing the modern urban square in riverside mountainous area and creating multivariate arts of square environment, the paper sums up and inquires into the designing principles, designing skills, regional characteristics in culture and the continuance of cultural sequence and also utilizes the fundamental principles of the environmental psychology to investigate on the spot, analyze and evaluate the rationality of the users' utilization behavior and utilization space, and puts forward rational proposals, striving to create a healthy and excellent square environmental arts for riverside mountain city.
The body of the paper is divided into four sections:
Section One: By the method of summarizing the literature, the paper summarizes the definition, spatial shape, development background and designing principles of the urban square, thus forming the fundamental frame of the arts of modern square. With specific aim, it also conducts an exploratory study of the current status and the developmental direction of the square environmental arts in the riverside mountainous area.
Section Two: Through summing up the previous theories in literature and combining them with the cases, the paper utilizes summarizing method to come up with the designing principles and designing methods of the urban square in the riverside mountainous area, and the consideration of the regional characteristics in culture and the continuance of cultural sequence.
Section Three: The paper introduces an investigative analysis method of
environmental psychology ---five Ws. By observing method of the investigation of the society and data analysis method, it also concretely studies the relationship between the utilizing behavior of one typical urban square in mountainous area and its design and raises idea of improving its site environment.
Section Four: Integrating the theoretical summary and the designing method of the above, the paper applies the result to the concrete practice of the urban square design in the mountain city by the river.
引文
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[7] 肖大威,陈军,王璐,许吉航.理性与浪漫的交织-古镇中心广场方案创作方法思考.建筑学报.2002.NO.9.P19
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[20] 王文卿.城市地下空间规划与设计.南京.东南大学出版社.第一版.2000.P186
[21] 王根芳.重庆建筑与景观.重庆建筑.2002.NO.2.P6-8
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[23] 弗郎西斯.D.K.钦 著.邹德侬,方千里 译.建筑:形式.空间和秩序.中国建筑工业出版社.
第一版.1987.P332-333
[24] 王珂，夏健，杨新海 编著.城市场地设计.南京.东南大学出版社. 第一版.1999.P20-30
[25] 何均发.城市景观与环境艺术.世界建筑.1998.NO.5.P78
[26] 楼庆西 著.中国古建筑二十讲.北京.三联书店.第一版.2000.P71
[27] 陈志华 著.外国建筑史.北京.中国建筑工业出版社.第二版.1997.P179
[28] 卢菁 梁晶.创造商业与休闲的复合空间.重庆建筑.2003.NO.4.P25
[29] clar cooper marcus and Carolyn Francis.Design Guidelines for urban Open Space.John wiley and sons,Inc.People Places
[30] William H.Whyte.The Social life of small Urban Spaces.Washington.D.C.The Conservation Foundation.The second edition.1984.
[31] Norman K.Booth.Basic Elements of Landscape Architectural Design.New York.Elsevier Science Publishing Co.,Inc.the first Edition.1983.
[32] Leon G. Schiffman , Leslie Lazar Kanuk. Consumer Behavior. New York.Prentice-Hall International,Inc.the fifth edition.1995
[33] Patricia ellar,RTKL.Selected and Current Works,Mulgrave,Images Publishing Group Pty Ltd.,the first edition.1996
[34] Fracisco Asensio Cever,Commercial Spaces,Barcelona,Edition Atrium S.A,
[2] 池泽宽(日). 著.郝慎钧 译.城市风貌设计.天津.天津大学出版社.第一版.1989.P53,P96
[3] 张庭伟,冯晖,彭治权.城市污水区设计与开发.上海.同济大学出版社.第一版.2002.P3,P12-18
[4] 赵万民.三峡工程与人居环境建设.北京.中国建筑工业出版社.第一版.1999.P185-189,P154
[5] 芦原义信 著.尹培桐译.外部空间设计.北京.中国建筑工业出版社.第一版.1985.P28-30
[6] 李雄飞等编著.国外城市中心商业区与步行街.天津.天津大学出版社.第一版.1990.P10
[7] 肖大威,陈军,王璐,许吉航.理性与浪漫的交织-古镇中心广场方案创作方法思考.建筑学报.2002.NO.9.P19
[8] 胡纹,刘涛."重点受控"与"局部放任"--山地城市设计方法研究之一.建筑学报，1997.NO.12.P40-42
[9] 罗玲玲，王湘。空间异用行为的观察、实验研究.建筑学报.1998.NO.12.P50-52
[10] 陈旭锦.重庆人民广场调查及技术统计分析.建筑学报.1999.NO.4.P25-26
[11] 梁晶,卢菁,徐千里.滨江山城市广场设计原则浅析.新建筑.2000.NO.6.P17-19
[12] 陶石.城市商业步行空间外部环境设计[硕士学位论文].重庆.重庆大学.2002.P65-75
[13] 汤塑宁.城市景观与环境艺术.[硕士学位论文].上海.同济大学.1999.P13-19
[14] 齐康.风景环境与建筑.南京.东南大学出版社.第一版.1989.P23-24
[15] 季富政.巴蜀城镇与民居.成都.西南交通大学出版社.第一版.2000.P108
[16] 吴焕加.20世纪西方建筑史.郑州.河南科技出版社.第一版.1998.P72,P194-195
[17] 东南大学建筑系,东南大学建筑研究所编著.齐康主编.城市环境规划设计与方法.北京.中国建筑工业出版社.第一版.1994.4.P161-170
[18] 中国城市规划学会,中国建筑工业出版社编.城市广场.北京.中国建筑工业出版社.第一版.2000.P84,P103
[19] 中国城市规划学会,中国建筑工业出版社编.滨水景观.北京.中国建筑工业出版社.第一版.2000.P86,P30
[20] 王文卿.城市地下空间规划与设计.南京.东南大学出版社.第一版.2000.P186
[21] 王根芳.重庆建筑与景观.重庆建筑.2002.NO.2.P6-8
[22] 芦原义信 著.尹培桐译.街道的美学.北京.中国建筑工业出版社.第一版.1989.P36
[23] 弗郎西斯.D.K.钦 著.邹德侬,方千里 译.建筑:形式.空间和秩序.中国建筑工业出版社.
第一版.1987.P332-333
[24] 王珂，夏健，杨新海 编著.城市场地设计.南京.东南大学出版社. 第一版.1999.P20-30
[25] 何均发.城市景观与环境艺术.世界建筑.1998.NO.5.P78
[26] 楼庆西 著.中国古建筑二十讲.北京.三联书店.第一版.2000.P71
[27] 陈志华 著.外国建筑史.北京.中国建筑工业出版社.第二版.1997.P179
[28] 卢菁 梁晶.创造商业与休闲的复合空间.重庆建筑.2003.NO.4.P25
[29] clar cooper marcus and Carolyn Francis.Design Guidelines for urban Open Space.John wiley and sons,Inc.People Places
[30] William H.Whyte.The Social life of small Urban Spaces.Washington.D.C.The Conservation Foundation.The second edition.1984.
[31] Norman K.Booth.Basic Elements of Landscape Architectural Design.New York.Elsevier Science Publishing Co.,Inc.the first Edition.1983.
[32] Leon G. Schiffman , Leslie Lazar Kanuk. Consumer Behavior. New York.Prentice-Hall International,Inc.the fifth edition.1995
[33] Patricia ellar,RTKL.Selected and Current Works,Mulgrave,Images Publishing Group Pty Ltd.,the first edition.1996
[34] Fracisco Asensio Cever,Commercial Spaces,Barcelona,Edition Atrium S.A,