风灾易损结构物损伤评估系统及在汕头市城市防风灾中的应用
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摘要
本文的工作是国家自然科学基金重点项目(59938180)“基于GIS的城市综合减灾评估决策系统”的一部分。
风灾是自然灾害中影响非常广泛的一种，其中台风灾害又是风灾中破坏力最大、造成损失最严重的一种。风灾易损结构物(WDS)是在台风灾害中最易受到破坏的结构物，但目前国内外对这类结构物的研究尚很少见到。
本文提出了一种全新的研究方法，对这类结构进行了损伤评估，并实际用于汕头市防风研究，建立了汕头市风灾易损结构物的损伤评估系统，取得了很好的效果。
本文以户外广告牌为例，在大量调研的基础上，建立了典型结构的力学模型，然后采用功能强大的Ansys有限元软件建立有限元模型。鉴于结构风灾损伤的特点，进行了非线性(包括大变形和弹塑性)动力学分析，并提出了损伤评估标准。在此基础上，提出了神经网络方法进行易损结构物的损伤评估。利用有限元分析，进行大量的样本计算，为神经网络方法提供了样本学习库，建立了结构物损伤与致灾因素的关系。采用神经网络的评估方法，避免了对结构单体进行逐个繁杂的有限元分析，大大提高了效率，并为进一步建立自动化的评估系统奠定了基础。
为了使本评估方法能用于实际，本文经大量调研，建立了基于地理信息系统(GIS)的汕头市风灾易损结构物空间数据库。在基础地理信息系统基础上，调用风灾易损结构物损伤评估方法，建立了汕头市风灾易损结构物损伤评估系统。该系统可模拟台风侵袭汕头时，该类结构物的损伤状况，并在地图上显示位置分布情况，可起到预警、减灾和灾害评估的作用。同时本文所提出的方法可推广应用于其他类型结构的减灾防灾研究中。
The job of this thesis is part of the project named GIS-BASED EVALUATION AND DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR URBAN HAZARD RESISTANCE (59938180), which is sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China.
Wind hazard is the one which has the widespread influence in the nature disaster, and hurricane hazard is the most devastative and disastrous one. The most destructible structure in the hurricane is the Wind Destructible Structure(WDS) which lacks study in the world.
This thesis puts a kind of brand-new approach forward the research of WDS damage assessment and applies it in the study of mitigation of wind-excited hazard in Shantou. The application obtains satisfactory results.
This thesis takes the outdoor bill-board as an example, on the basis of a large number of survey and study, sets up the mechanics model of typical WDS and the finite element model adopting Ansys, a kind of powerful finite element software. Seeing that structure characteristic of damage in the wind hazard, non-linear dynamics analysis was carried on, and has proposed the standard of damaging assessment. On this basis, neural network was used to assess the damage of WDS. A large number of samples calculate have been done utilizing FEA analyse. This offers learning samples to neural network method. The relation between the structure damage and the factors of causing disaster was set up. Adopting neural network method avoids carrying on complex analyse one by one to structure. It enhances the efficiency greatly and establishes the foundation for the automative assessment system further.
For making the assessment method be used in reality, this thesis set up the Shantou's WDS spatial database after a large amount of survey. Based on basic GIS, applying the standard of WDS damaging assessment, the WDS damage assessment system of Shantou city has been built. The system can simulate the state of WDS's damage when hurricane lands on Shantou city and show the distributing complexion, and forecast,decrease,assess damage. The method that this thesis bring forward can be extended to the research of mitigation of wind-excited hazard for other type of
structure.
风灾是自然灾害中影响非常广泛的一种，其中台风灾害又是风灾中破坏力最大、造成损失最严重的一种。风灾易损结构物(WDS)是在台风灾害中最易受到破坏的结构物，但目前国内外对这类结构物的研究尚很少见到。
本文提出了一种全新的研究方法，对这类结构进行了损伤评估，并实际用于汕头市防风研究，建立了汕头市风灾易损结构物的损伤评估系统，取得了很好的效果。
本文以户外广告牌为例，在大量调研的基础上，建立了典型结构的力学模型，然后采用功能强大的Ansys有限元软件建立有限元模型。鉴于结构风灾损伤的特点，进行了非线性(包括大变形和弹塑性)动力学分析，并提出了损伤评估标准。在此基础上，提出了神经网络方法进行易损结构物的损伤评估。利用有限元分析，进行大量的样本计算，为神经网络方法提供了样本学习库，建立了结构物损伤与致灾因素的关系。采用神经网络的评估方法，避免了对结构单体进行逐个繁杂的有限元分析，大大提高了效率，并为进一步建立自动化的评估系统奠定了基础。
为了使本评估方法能用于实际，本文经大量调研，建立了基于地理信息系统(GIS)的汕头市风灾易损结构物空间数据库。在基础地理信息系统基础上，调用风灾易损结构物损伤评估方法，建立了汕头市风灾易损结构物损伤评估系统。该系统可模拟台风侵袭汕头时，该类结构物的损伤状况，并在地图上显示位置分布情况，可起到预警、减灾和灾害评估的作用。同时本文所提出的方法可推广应用于其他类型结构的减灾防灾研究中。
The job of this thesis is part of the project named GIS-BASED EVALUATION AND DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR URBAN HAZARD RESISTANCE (59938180), which is sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China.
Wind hazard is the one which has the widespread influence in the nature disaster, and hurricane hazard is the most devastative and disastrous one. The most destructible structure in the hurricane is the Wind Destructible Structure(WDS) which lacks study in the world.
This thesis puts a kind of brand-new approach forward the research of WDS damage assessment and applies it in the study of mitigation of wind-excited hazard in Shantou. The application obtains satisfactory results.
This thesis takes the outdoor bill-board as an example, on the basis of a large number of survey and study, sets up the mechanics model of typical WDS and the finite element model adopting Ansys, a kind of powerful finite element software. Seeing that structure characteristic of damage in the wind hazard, non-linear dynamics analysis was carried on, and has proposed the standard of damaging assessment. On this basis, neural network was used to assess the damage of WDS. A large number of samples calculate have been done utilizing FEA analyse. This offers learning samples to neural network method. The relation between the structure damage and the factors of causing disaster was set up. Adopting neural network method avoids carrying on complex analyse one by one to structure. It enhances the efficiency greatly and establishes the foundation for the automative assessment system further.
For making the assessment method be used in reality, this thesis set up the Shantou's WDS spatial database after a large amount of survey. Based on basic GIS, applying the standard of WDS damaging assessment, the WDS damage assessment system of Shantou city has been built. The system can simulate the state of WDS's damage when hurricane lands on Shantou city and show the distributing complexion, and forecast,decrease,assess damage. The method that this thesis bring forward can be extended to the research of mitigation of wind-excited hazard for other type of
structure.
引文
1．朱东海，任爱珠，江见鲸，浅论灾害科学的研究现状，灾害学，Vol．15，No．1，Mar．2000，p67-72
2. Karaca, Mehmet; Dobricic, Srdjan, Modeling of summertime meso-beta scale cyclone in the Antalya Bay, Geophysical Research Letters.-1997,24(2).-151-154
3. Noguchi, Tatsuo (RTRI), Recent trends of development of disaster prevention technologies, Quarterly Report of RTRI (Railway Technical Research Institute) (Japan) v 40 n 1 1999 Ken-yusha Inc. p 9-12 0033-9008
4. Vogel, Richaed, The Impact of Natural Disaster on Urban Economic Structure, Vogel, Richaed, The Review of radical political economics.-1998,30(3).-1998, p11-
5. Leonard J., Analysis of damage from Hurricane Andrew; A dissenting view,Morse-Fortier, Proceedings of the Conference on Natural Disaster Reduction.-1996,0.-293-294
6．林继生，罗金铃．登陆广东的热带气旋灾害评估和预测模式．自然灾害学报，1995,vol．4,No．1,p92-97
7．王亚勇，王理，智能型地理信息系统(AIGIS)在城市抗震防灾规划中的应用，自然灾害学报，1993,vol．2，No．1，p79-90
8．于庆东，自然灾害经济损失函数与变化规律，自然灾害学报，1993，vol．2，No．4，p3-9
9．李炳元，李钜章等，中国自然灾害的区域组合规律，地理学报，1996，vol．51．No．1,p1-11
10．王静爱，史培军，中国主要自然致灾因子的区域分异，地理学报，1994，vol．49，No．1，p18-25
11．金磊，城市灾害学研究及科学建议，自然灾害学报，Vol．9，No．2，May，2000，p32-38
12．王静爱，史培军，中国自然灾害数据库的建立与应用，北京师范大学学报(自然科学版)，1995,vol．31，No．1，p121-125
13. Pleshikov, F.I. (Russian Acad of Sciences);Ryzkova, V.A. Kaplunov, V.Ya. Usoltseva, J.V.,Computer system for evaluating and predicting hurricane impact on forest, Safety Science v 30 n 1-2 Oct-Nov 1998 Elsevier Sci Ltd p 3-8 0925-7535
14. Gao Bo; Gao Guodong;etc, The Determination of Computational Parameters in Typhoon Numerical Models, Journal of Tropical meteorology.-1998,4(1).-106-
15. Peter J. Vickery;Lawrence A. Twisdale,Wind-Field and Filling Models for Hurricane Wind-Speed Predictions, Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, Nov, 1995
16. Godoy, Luis A.; Huyke, Roberto; Lopez, Ricardo R.; Martinez-Cruzado, J.A.; Zapata, Raul, Structural damage due to Hurricane Marilyn in St. Thomas and Culebra, Proceedings of the Conference on Natural Disaster Reduction.-1996,0.-135-136
17．曹崇高，张相庭．结构风灾经济损失模型的建立及其应用．安阳师范学院学报，2000，p32-34
18. Reed, D.A. (Univ of Washington), Expert systems in wind engineering, Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics v 33 n 3 Apr 1990 p 487-494 0167-6105
19. Scott B. Miles, Carlton L. Ho, Applications and Issues of GIS As Tool for Civil Engineering Modeling, Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, July, 1999
20. Gunturi, Surya K.; Austin, Chris; RiveraMarzan, Aida; Zhang, Ping; Lieberman, John; VanderMarck, Paul; Broido, Mark; Boissonnade, Auguste C., Knowledge-based system for international hurricane risk management, Proceedings of the Conference on Natural Disaster Reduction.- 1996,0.-15-16
21. Connor, G. (Univ of Edinburgh) Whittington, H.W., True costing evaluation including externalities of wind energy utilizing a geographical information system, Proceedings of the Universities Power Engineering Conference 1 Sep 8-Sep 10 1998 1998 Sponsored by: Scottish Power; EA Technology; lEE Scotland-South East; Kollmorgen Hightech Technological Educational Institute p 395-398
22. Chiu, Gregory L.F.,Framework for estimating losses due to hurricane extreme-winds, Proceedings of the Conference on Natural Disaster Reduction .-1996,0.-287-288
23. Chiu, Gregory L.F.; Wadia-Fascetti, Sara; Hossein, Mussaddeque, Post-hurricane investigations: Quantifying damage, Proceedings of the Conference on Natural Disaster Reduction .-1996,0.-74-75
24．王勖成，邵敏，有限单元法基本原理和数值方法(第2版)，清华大学出版社，1997．3
25．朱伯芳，有限单元法原理与应用，中国水利水电出版社，1998．10
26．博嘉科技编著，有限元分析软件：ANSYS融会与贯通，中国水利水电出版社，2002．11
27. Basic Analysis Procedures Guide, Ansys Inc.
28. Modeling and Meshing Guide, Ansys Inc.
29. ANSYS Element Reference, Ansys Inc.
30. Structural Analysis Guide, Ansys Inc.
31. ANSYS Commands Reference, Ansys Inc.
32．王国强，实用工程数值模拟技术及其在ANSYS上的实践，西北工业大学出版社 1999．8
33．张新培，建筑结构可靠度分析与设计，科学出版社，2001．6
34．杨伟军，赵传智，土木工程结构可靠度理论与设计，人民交通出版社，1999．1
35．韩力群，人工神经网络理论、设计及应用：人工神经细胞、人工神经网络和人工神经系统，化学工业出版社，2002．1
36．闻新等，MATLAB神经网络应用设计，科学出版社，2000．9
37．龚健雅．地理信息系统基础．科技出版社．2001．
38．谢礼天．面向对象的GIS数据库构造思想及其在城市水灾信息系统中的应用，2002．5
39．龚健雅．当代GIS的若干理论与技术．武汉测绘科技大学出版社 1999．
40．(美)Don Box著；潘爱民译，COM本质论，中国电力出版社，2001．8
41. MATLAB COM Builder User's Guide, The Math Works, Inc., 2002
42. Raymond S. Norris, Designing a Microsoft Visual Basic Program Calling a MATLAB-Generated Math DLL, The Math Works, Inc.
2. Karaca, Mehmet; Dobricic, Srdjan, Modeling of summertime meso-beta scale cyclone in the Antalya Bay, Geophysical Research Letters.-1997,24(2).-151-154
3. Noguchi, Tatsuo (RTRI), Recent trends of development of disaster prevention technologies, Quarterly Report of RTRI (Railway Technical Research Institute) (Japan) v 40 n 1 1999 Ken-yusha Inc. p 9-12 0033-9008
4. Vogel, Richaed, The Impact of Natural Disaster on Urban Economic Structure, Vogel, Richaed, The Review of radical political economics.-1998,30(3).-1998, p11-
5. Leonard J., Analysis of damage from Hurricane Andrew; A dissenting view,Morse-Fortier, Proceedings of the Conference on Natural Disaster Reduction.-1996,0.-293-294
6．林继生，罗金铃．登陆广东的热带气旋灾害评估和预测模式．自然灾害学报，1995,vol．4,No．1,p92-97
7．王亚勇，王理，智能型地理信息系统(AIGIS)在城市抗震防灾规划中的应用，自然灾害学报，1993,vol．2，No．1，p79-90
8．于庆东，自然灾害经济损失函数与变化规律，自然灾害学报，1993，vol．2，No．4，p3-9
9．李炳元，李钜章等，中国自然灾害的区域组合规律，地理学报，1996，vol．51．No．1,p1-11
10．王静爱，史培军，中国主要自然致灾因子的区域分异，地理学报，1994，vol．49，No．1，p18-25
11．金磊，城市灾害学研究及科学建议，自然灾害学报，Vol．9，No．2，May，2000，p32-38
12．王静爱，史培军，中国自然灾害数据库的建立与应用，北京师范大学学报(自然科学版)，1995,vol．31，No．1，p121-125
13. Pleshikov, F.I. (Russian Acad of Sciences);Ryzkova, V.A. Kaplunov, V.Ya. Usoltseva, J.V.,Computer system for evaluating and predicting hurricane impact on forest, Safety Science v 30 n 1-2 Oct-Nov 1998 Elsevier Sci Ltd p 3-8 0925-7535
14. Gao Bo; Gao Guodong;etc, The Determination of Computational Parameters in Typhoon Numerical Models, Journal of Tropical meteorology.-1998,4(1).-106-
15. Peter J. Vickery;Lawrence A. Twisdale,Wind-Field and Filling Models for Hurricane Wind-Speed Predictions, Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, Nov, 1995
16. Godoy, Luis A.; Huyke, Roberto; Lopez, Ricardo R.; Martinez-Cruzado, J.A.; Zapata, Raul, Structural damage due to Hurricane Marilyn in St. Thomas and Culebra, Proceedings of the Conference on Natural Disaster Reduction.-1996,0.-135-136
17．曹崇高，张相庭．结构风灾经济损失模型的建立及其应用．安阳师范学院学报，2000，p32-34
18. Reed, D.A. (Univ of Washington), Expert systems in wind engineering, Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics v 33 n 3 Apr 1990 p 487-494 0167-6105
19. Scott B. Miles, Carlton L. Ho, Applications and Issues of GIS As Tool for Civil Engineering Modeling, Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, July, 1999
20. Gunturi, Surya K.; Austin, Chris; RiveraMarzan, Aida; Zhang, Ping; Lieberman, John; VanderMarck, Paul; Broido, Mark; Boissonnade, Auguste C., Knowledge-based system for international hurricane risk management, Proceedings of the Conference on Natural Disaster Reduction.- 1996,0.-15-16
21. Connor, G. (Univ of Edinburgh) Whittington, H.W., True costing evaluation including externalities of wind energy utilizing a geographical information system, Proceedings of the Universities Power Engineering Conference 1 Sep 8-Sep 10 1998 1998 Sponsored by: Scottish Power; EA Technology; lEE Scotland-South East; Kollmorgen Hightech Technological Educational Institute p 395-398
22. Chiu, Gregory L.F.,Framework for estimating losses due to hurricane extreme-winds, Proceedings of the Conference on Natural Disaster Reduction .-1996,0.-287-288
23. Chiu, Gregory L.F.; Wadia-Fascetti, Sara; Hossein, Mussaddeque, Post-hurricane investigations: Quantifying damage, Proceedings of the Conference on Natural Disaster Reduction .-1996,0.-74-75
24．王勖成，邵敏，有限单元法基本原理和数值方法(第2版)，清华大学出版社，1997．3
25．朱伯芳，有限单元法原理与应用，中国水利水电出版社，1998．10
26．博嘉科技编著，有限元分析软件：ANSYS融会与贯通，中国水利水电出版社，2002．11
27. Basic Analysis Procedures Guide, Ansys Inc.
28. Modeling and Meshing Guide, Ansys Inc.
29. ANSYS Element Reference, Ansys Inc.
30. Structural Analysis Guide, Ansys Inc.
31. ANSYS Commands Reference, Ansys Inc.
32．王国强，实用工程数值模拟技术及其在ANSYS上的实践，西北工业大学出版社 1999．8
33．张新培，建筑结构可靠度分析与设计，科学出版社，2001．6
34．杨伟军，赵传智，土木工程结构可靠度理论与设计，人民交通出版社，1999．1
35．韩力群，人工神经网络理论、设计及应用：人工神经细胞、人工神经网络和人工神经系统，化学工业出版社，2002．1
36．闻新等，MATLAB神经网络应用设计，科学出版社，2000．9
37．龚健雅．地理信息系统基础．科技出版社．2001．
38．谢礼天．面向对象的GIS数据库构造思想及其在城市水灾信息系统中的应用，2002．5
39．龚健雅．当代GIS的若干理论与技术．武汉测绘科技大学出版社 1999．
40．(美)Don Box著；潘爱民译，COM本质论，中国电力出版社，2001．8
41. MATLAB COM Builder User's Guide, The Math Works, Inc., 2002
42. Raymond S. Norris, Designing a Microsoft Visual Basic Program Calling a MATLAB-Generated Math DLL, The Math Works, Inc.