基于双馈电机的变速恒频风电系统的研究
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摘要
在能源消耗日益增长,环境污染日渐严重的今天,在对可再生能源的开发利用中,风能由于其突出的优点而成为世界各国普遍重视的能源,风力发电技术也成为各国学者竞相研究的热点。而其中变速恒频风力发电技术因其高效性和实用性正受到越来越多的重视。变速恒频发电技术运用双馈电机的工作原理,当风速变化时,在发电机转子侧接入频率、幅值、相位可控的低频励磁电流,以保证双馈发电机定子输出频率的恒定。
本文对现今世界风能应用技术中,相对成熟的双馈发电机,进行矢量控制研究。矢量控制作为一种先进的控制策略,是在电机统一理论、机电能量转换和坐标变换理论的基础上发展起来的,具有先进性、新颖性和实用性的特点。
本文首先介绍了变速风力发电机组的基本原理,根据变速风力机在不同区域的运行,确定了基本的控制策略。通过对双馈型发电机结构和工作原理的分析,建立了交流励磁发电机的三相静止坐标系数学模型和两相旋转坐标系数学模型,提出了基于定子磁场定向的矢量控制策略,采用定子磁场定向的矢量控制方法实现对双馈发电机的有功功率和无功功率的独立控制。这些都为进一步的深入研究提供了有效的理论依据。
其次,采用一种能量双向流动的双PWM变换器,满足了交流励磁发电系统励磁的需要,详细分析了三相电压型整流器的基本原理和数学模型,并确定了以电网电压定向的矢量控制策略。介绍了空间矢量脉宽调制的方法。
最后,针对变速恒频双馈风力发电控制系统的特点,研究了基于DSP的变速恒频双馈风力发电控制系统。分别描述了控制系统整体硬件结构框图和控制程序构成,给出关键硬件电路原理图和控制程序的流程图,并说明其工作原理。
Now, energy sources consume increasing daily and environment empoison being serious gradually, in the exploitation for the renewable energy source, wind power is paid great attention by more and more countries because of its outstanding excellence. The wind power generation technology also becomes research hotspot of many countries' scholars. And the variable-speed constant-frequency(VSCF) generation technology is paid attention more and more for its high efficiency and practicability. VSCF operation uses doubly-fed generator working principle. When wind speed changes, the constant-frequency output can be generated from the stator side by connecting with low frequency excitation current at the rotor side its frequency, amplitude and phase angle is controllable.
In this paper, the relative fledged doubly-fed generator in wind energy application technology in the day is researched on vector control. Vector control is one of the advanced theories, which is based on motor unification principle, energy conversion and vector coordinate transformation theory. It has many advantages such as novelty, practicability and advancement.
Firstly, the basic principle of variable speed wind turbine generators is introduced. According to the variable speed wind turbine operating in different regions, the basic control strategy is set out. After the analysis of its structure and its VSCF electricity generating principle, the mathematic model of the double-fed generator in static three-phase coordinate and in rotary two-phase coordinate is build. the stator field-oriented vector control method for the control of the doubly-fed generator is used. Using vector control technology, a doubly-fed generator independent of the active and reactive power control is achieved. which found the effective theory for the further studies.
Secondly, It put forward and designed a dual PWM converter with the capacity of energy bidirectional flow. It also analyzed the basic theory and mathematical model of three-phase voltage source PWM rectifier. the electrical source voltage-oriented vector control strategy is issued.
Finally, a control system of doubly-fed VSCF wind power generator based on DSP is researched in accordance with the characteristic of control system. This paper depicts a general hardware structure of system and control programmed frame respectively. It provides the key hardware circuit diagram and the how ch rt of control programmer, and their work principles are described.
本文对现今世界风能应用技术中,相对成熟的双馈发电机,进行矢量控制研究。矢量控制作为一种先进的控制策略,是在电机统一理论、机电能量转换和坐标变换理论的基础上发展起来的,具有先进性、新颖性和实用性的特点。
本文首先介绍了变速风力发电机组的基本原理,根据变速风力机在不同区域的运行,确定了基本的控制策略。通过对双馈型发电机结构和工作原理的分析,建立了交流励磁发电机的三相静止坐标系数学模型和两相旋转坐标系数学模型,提出了基于定子磁场定向的矢量控制策略,采用定子磁场定向的矢量控制方法实现对双馈发电机的有功功率和无功功率的独立控制。这些都为进一步的深入研究提供了有效的理论依据。
其次,采用一种能量双向流动的双PWM变换器,满足了交流励磁发电系统励磁的需要,详细分析了三相电压型整流器的基本原理和数学模型,并确定了以电网电压定向的矢量控制策略。介绍了空间矢量脉宽调制的方法。
最后,针对变速恒频双馈风力发电控制系统的特点,研究了基于DSP的变速恒频双馈风力发电控制系统。分别描述了控制系统整体硬件结构框图和控制程序构成,给出关键硬件电路原理图和控制程序的流程图,并说明其工作原理。
Now, energy sources consume increasing daily and environment empoison being serious gradually, in the exploitation for the renewable energy source, wind power is paid great attention by more and more countries because of its outstanding excellence. The wind power generation technology also becomes research hotspot of many countries' scholars. And the variable-speed constant-frequency(VSCF) generation technology is paid attention more and more for its high efficiency and practicability. VSCF operation uses doubly-fed generator working principle. When wind speed changes, the constant-frequency output can be generated from the stator side by connecting with low frequency excitation current at the rotor side its frequency, amplitude and phase angle is controllable.
In this paper, the relative fledged doubly-fed generator in wind energy application technology in the day is researched on vector control. Vector control is one of the advanced theories, which is based on motor unification principle, energy conversion and vector coordinate transformation theory. It has many advantages such as novelty, practicability and advancement.
Firstly, the basic principle of variable speed wind turbine generators is introduced. According to the variable speed wind turbine operating in different regions, the basic control strategy is set out. After the analysis of its structure and its VSCF electricity generating principle, the mathematic model of the double-fed generator in static three-phase coordinate and in rotary two-phase coordinate is build. the stator field-oriented vector control method for the control of the doubly-fed generator is used. Using vector control technology, a doubly-fed generator independent of the active and reactive power control is achieved. which found the effective theory for the further studies.
Secondly, It put forward and designed a dual PWM converter with the capacity of energy bidirectional flow. It also analyzed the basic theory and mathematical model of three-phase voltage source PWM rectifier. the electrical source voltage-oriented vector control strategy is issued.
Finally, a control system of doubly-fed VSCF wind power generator based on DSP is researched in accordance with the characteristic of control system. This paper depicts a general hardware structure of system and control programmed frame respectively. It provides the key hardware circuit diagram and the how ch rt of control programmer, and their work principles are described.
引文
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[31]张伟,黄进.无转速传感器异步电机矢量控制系统控制方法的研究[D].浙江大学博士学位论文.2001.6
[32] Vachtsevanos G J. Kalaitzakis K C. Penetration of Wind Electric Conversion System into the Utility Grid[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, 1985, 104(7):32-40
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[34]雄健,康勇,陈坚等.电压空间矢量调制与常规SPWM的比较研究[J].电力电子技术,No.1,1999:25-28
[35] R.Pena J.C.Clare,G.M.Asher. Doubly fed induction generator using back-to back PWM converters and its application to variable-speed wind-energy eratuon. IEEEproc[J]. -Electr.power appl.vol.vol.143.NO.3.May 1996:231-241
[36] Siegfried Heier. Grid Integration of Wind Energy Conversion Systems[M].Translated by Rachel Waddington. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons Ltd,1998
[37]李健,李华德.双馈感应变速恒频风力发电机控制系统研究[J].2004,(4)16-18
[38]李华德.交流调速控制系统[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003.3
[39] N.Hur,J.Jung and K.Nam.A fast dynamic DC-link Power-balancing scheme for a PWM converter-inverter system[J],IEEE Trans.Ind.Electron. vo1.48,No.4, PP.794-803,Aug.2001
[40]王志华.MW级变速恒频风力发电机网侧变换器控制技术的研究[M].中国科学院研究生硕士学位论文,2005
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[2]施鹏飞.21世纪风力发电前景[M].中国电力2000,33 (9)
[3]陈和平.中国节能政策与计划[M].中国可再生能源网.专家论坛
[4]能源领域组.科技发展“十五规划”和2015年远景研究[M],1999
[5]叶杭冶.风力发电机组的控制技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002
[6]李艳君.浅谈定桨距风力发电机与变桨距风力发电机的异同[J].风力发电,2003(4): 21-25
[7]祝铭.开发风力发电设备的战略及途径分析[J].能源研究,2001,17(3):165-173
[8]贺益康,刘其辉.变速恒频风力发电机并网控制策略研究[J].高技术通讯,2003, (12):11-14
[9]刘其辉,贺益康,卞松江.变速恒频风力发电机空载并网控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2004(4):24-26
[10]王承煦,张源.风力发电[M].北京中国电力出版社,2002.
[11]马洪飞,徐殿国,苗立杰.几种变速恒频风力发电系统控制方案的对比分析[J].电工技术杂志,2002.(2):32-35
[12]王永智,陶其斌,周必成.风力机塔架的结构动力分析[J].太阳能学报1995.(8):162-168.
[13]桓毅,汪至中.风力发电机及其控制系统的对比分析[J].中小型电机,2002,29(4):41-45
[14]法D.勒古里雷斯.风力机的理论与设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1987
[15] Y.D.Song and B.Dhinakaran.Variable Speed Control of Wind Turbines[J].Proceeding of the 1999 IEEE International Conference on Control Applications, 1999: 814-819
[16]倪受元.风力机的工作原理和气动力特性[J].太阳能学报,2000(03): 12-16
[17]包能胜,陈庆新,姜桐.百千瓦级风机建模与仿真[M].太阳能学报,1997, 18(1):51-57
[18]杨顺昌.国外对异步化同步发电机的探讨[J].国外大电机,1991(2):1-7
[19]潘文霞,陈允平,沈祖治.风电系统及其电压特性研究[M].河海大学学报,2001,29(1):46-52
[20]王承熙,张源.风力发电[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2003
[21]刘雪菁.变速恒频风力发电系统的运行控制及仿真分析[M].太原理工大学硕士学位论文,2004
[22]张宏立,于书芳.变速恒频风力发电机数学模型及控制策略研究[M].新疆农业大学学报, 2001, 24(2):73-76
[23] Johnson Craig C., Smith Richard T. Dynamics of Wind Generators on Electric Utility Networks[J]. IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems,1976,12(4):113-118
[24]肖劲松,倪维斗,姜桐.大型风力发电机组的建模与仿真[J].太阳能学报,1997,18(2):117-127
[25] R.Hof nann. P.Mutschler (Memer IEEE).The Influence of Control Strategies on the Energy Capture of Wind Turbines[J]. IEEE, 2000,101(6):11-19
[26] Schlveter R A. Park G L. Simulation and Assessment of Wind Array Power Variations Based on Simultaneous Wind Speed Measurements[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatusand Systems 1984(5): 98-103
[27] Schlveter R A. Sigari G. Costi A. Wind Array Power Prediction for Improved Operating Economics and Reliability[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems1985,104(7): 137-142
[28]高景德,王祥晰,李发海.交流电机及其系统的分析[J].第2版.北京:清华大学出版社,2003.01,78-86
[29]王振永,王然冉.电机的数学模型及参数辨识[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1991
[30]邓禹.双馈型变速恒频风力发电系统控制技术研究[M].华中科技大学硕士学位论文,2005.4
[31]张伟,黄进.无转速传感器异步电机矢量控制系统控制方法的研究[D].浙江大学博士学位论文.2001.6
[32] Vachtsevanos G J. Kalaitzakis K C. Penetration of Wind Electric Conversion System into the Utility Grid[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, 1985, 104(7):32-40
[33]冯垛生,曾岳南编著.无速度传感器矢量控制原理与实践[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1997
[34]雄健,康勇,陈坚等.电压空间矢量调制与常规SPWM的比较研究[J].电力电子技术,No.1,1999:25-28
[35] R.Pena J.C.Clare,G.M.Asher. Doubly fed induction generator using back-to back PWM converters and its application to variable-speed wind-energy eratuon. IEEEproc[J]. -Electr.power appl.vol.vol.143.NO.3.May 1996:231-241
[36] Siegfried Heier. Grid Integration of Wind Energy Conversion Systems[M].Translated by Rachel Waddington. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons Ltd,1998
[37]李健,李华德.双馈感应变速恒频风力发电机控制系统研究[J].2004,(4)16-18
[38]李华德.交流调速控制系统[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003.3
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