基于时空矩阵信息的阵列幅相误差校正方法研究
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摘要
理想条件下阵列信号处理在多通道系统中具有良好的性能,但实际存在的系统误差,会导致算法估计性能或系统输出性能严重恶化。本文主要研究阵列幅相误差校正技术,在分析前人方法的基础上提出了一种阵列误差校正方法。
首先,介绍了阵列信号误差模型和常见阵列误差校正方法;其次,针对一般方法只能估计不随来波方向变化的阵列误差,及能估计随来波方向变化的高阶累量方法运算量较大的情况,本文以均匀线阵为例,根据矩阵双正交原理,利用一组空时相关矩阵的结构化信息得到较高质量的信号子空间,从而拟合出阵列幅相误差,并循环得到不同来波方向的阵列幅相误差;最后,介绍了GPS抗干扰的几种常见算法并用本文提出的阵列误差校正方法进行校正,使性能得到一定改善。
Under ideal conditions array signal processing in a multi-channel system is with good performance. However, the actual existence of systematic errors often leads to a serious deterioration in algorithm estimated performance or system output. The array calibration methods are studied in the dissertation to the point .A new array calibration method is raised based on analysis such methods which have been presented before.
First, the established array signal error model and several array calibration algorithms are presented. Then, for the methods introduced above ,they can be only use in the condition which the array error does not vary with DOA, and the high-order statistics method effective in that condition has high calculate complexity .A novel method for array calibration is proposed with the linear array (ULA). Base on the biorthogonality between a matrix and its Moore-Penrose pseudo-inverse, the method exploits the structural information of a set of spatio-temporal correlation matrixes, and gives a robust and precise estimation of signal subspace, and then according to the array manifold separates the array error, repeat this approach until it gets all different array errors. Last, the dissertation introduces the common methods of anti-jamming and uses the array calibration above to the anti-jamming algorithm which make the performance improved to some extent.
首先,介绍了阵列信号误差模型和常见阵列误差校正方法;其次,针对一般方法只能估计不随来波方向变化的阵列误差,及能估计随来波方向变化的高阶累量方法运算量较大的情况,本文以均匀线阵为例,根据矩阵双正交原理,利用一组空时相关矩阵的结构化信息得到较高质量的信号子空间,从而拟合出阵列幅相误差,并循环得到不同来波方向的阵列幅相误差;最后,介绍了GPS抗干扰的几种常见算法并用本文提出的阵列误差校正方法进行校正,使性能得到一定改善。
Under ideal conditions array signal processing in a multi-channel system is with good performance. However, the actual existence of systematic errors often leads to a serious deterioration in algorithm estimated performance or system output. The array calibration methods are studied in the dissertation to the point .A new array calibration method is raised based on analysis such methods which have been presented before.
First, the established array signal error model and several array calibration algorithms are presented. Then, for the methods introduced above ,they can be only use in the condition which the array error does not vary with DOA, and the high-order statistics method effective in that condition has high calculate complexity .A novel method for array calibration is proposed with the linear array (ULA). Base on the biorthogonality between a matrix and its Moore-Penrose pseudo-inverse, the method exploits the structural information of a set of spatio-temporal correlation matrixes, and gives a robust and precise estimation of signal subspace, and then according to the array manifold separates the array error, repeat this approach until it gets all different array errors. Last, the dissertation introduces the common methods of anti-jamming and uses the array calibration above to the anti-jamming algorithm which make the performance improved to some extent.
引文
[1]刘德树,罗景青,张剑云.空间谱估计及其应用[M].中国科学技术大学出版社,1997
[2] R. O. Schmidt. Multiple emitter location and signal parameter estimation[C]. In Proc. RADC Spectral Estimation Workshop,1979: pp243-258.
[3] Burg J P. Maximum-entropy spectral analysis[R]. Proc.37th meeting of society of exploration Geophysicists, Otc, 1967.
[4] A Parlraj, R Roy, T Kailth. Estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques-ESPRIT[R]. Pros.19th Asilomar Conf., Pacific Grove, 1985.
[5] Benjamin Friedlander, Anthony J.Wciss. Eigenstructure methods for direction finding with sensor gain and phase uncertainty[C]. In Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Acoust.Speech,Signal Processing. Apr,1988: pp2681-2684.
[6] Pierre J, Kaveh M. Experimental performance of calibration and direction finding algorithma[J]. IEEE TASSP.1991.2:pp114-118.
[7] Weiss A J, Friedlander B. Effects of modeling errors on th resolution threshold of the MUSIC algorithm[J]. IEEE Trans.SP.1994. 42(6):pp1519-1526..
[8] C.M.S. See, MSC. Method for array calibration in high-resolution sensor array processing[J], IEE Proc.-Radar,Sonar Naving, 1995, 142:pp90-96.
[9]魏平,肖先赐.阵列测向系统中模型误差的校正方法[J].电子科技大学学报, 1995, 24(7):pp121-126.
[10] NG B C et al. Sensor array calibration using a Maximum-likelihood approach[J]. IEEE T-AP.,1996. 44(6).:pp827-835.
[11]贾永康,保铮,吴洹.一种阵列天线阵元位置、幅度及相位误差的有源校正方法[J],电子学报, 1996, 24(3):pp47-52.
[12]鲁加国,吴曼青.基于FFT的相控阵雷达校准方法[J].电波科学学报,2000,15(2):pp221-224
[13] Soon.V.C., Tong,L.,Huang Y.F. A subspace method for estimating sensor gains and phases[J].Signal Processing of the IEEE, Vol.42,Apr.1994:pp 973-976.
[14]廖桂生,保铮.基于高阶累量的盲高分辨DOA估计及其性能分析[J].通信学报,1996,17(4):pp9-14.
[15]王炎.数字天线阵列及其校正[D].合肥:中国科技大学,2003.
[16] R. T. Compton Jr. Adaptive Antennas, Concepts and Performance[R], PrenticeHall,Englewood Cliffs, NJ,1988.
[17] O.L.Frost,III. An Algorthm for Linerly Constraind Adaptive Array Processing[J]. Proceedings of the IEEE,Vol.60,Aug.1972,:pp 926-935.
[18] K. M. Buckley, .Spatial/Spectral Filtering with Linearly Constrained Minimum Variance Beamformers[J].IEEE Trans.on ASSP,Vol.35,Mar.1987:pp249-266
[19] L. G. Godara, Error analysis of the optimal antenna array processors[J]. IEEE Trans AE, 1986, 22 (3):pp395-409
[20] L. J. Griffiths,C. W. Jim. An Alternativ Approach to Linearly Constrained Adaptive Beamforming[J].IEEE Trans.on SP,Vol.42,Oct.1994 :pp2871-2875
[21]苏卫民,顾红,倪晋麟等.通道幅相误差条件下MUSIC空间谱的统计性能[J].电子学报, 2000, 28(6):pp105-107.
[22]韩芳明,张守宏,潘复平.阵列误差对MUSIC算法性能的影响与校正[J].西安电子科技大学学报, 2003, 30(5):pp585-589
[23] C.M.S. See. Sensor array calibration in the presence of mutual coupling and unknown sensor gains and phases [J]. Electronic Letters.3rd Mar 1994, 30(5) :pp373-374
[24] Wang, C. and Cadzow, J.A. Direction-Finding with Sensor Grain, Phase and Location Uncertainty[R] Acoustics, speech and Signal Processing 1994. ICASSP-91.
[25] McArthur, D. and Reilly, J.P. A Computationally Efficient Self-calibration Direction-of arrival Estimator[C]. Acoustics, speech and Signal Processing 1994. ICASSP-94. 1994 IEEE International Conference on, Volume:iv, 1994, vol.4: ppIV/201-IV/204.
[26] David Astely and A. Lee Swindlehurst. Spatial Signature Estimation for Uniform Linear Arrays with Unknown Receiver Gains and Phases[J]. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 1999,47(8): pp 2128-2138.
[27]贾永康.阵列信号处理稳健性研究—利用信号时域特性及其它信息[D].西安:西安电子科技大学, 1996.
[28] Eric K. L. Hung. A Critical study of a self-Calibration Direction-Finding Method for Arrays[J] . IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,1994 ,42(2): pp471-474.
[29] Eric K. L. Hung. A Critical study of a self-Calibration Direction-Finding Method for Arrays[J].IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,1994 ,42(2): pp471-474.
[30]周玮,冯大政,刘建强.一种新颖的DOA估计算法[J].电子与信息学报,2005,27(10):pp 1513-1516
[31] Benjamin Friendlander, Fellow, IEEE, and Anthony J. Weiss, Senior Member, IEEE. Direction Finding in the Presence of Mutual Coupling[J].IEEE Trans on antennas and propagation,1991,39(3):pp 279-283
[32]李真芳,王洪洋,保铮等.分布式小卫星雷达阵列误差估计与校正方法[J].系统工程与电子技术, 2004, 26(9): pp1159-1161.
[33] Elliott D.Kaolan.邱致和,王万义译.GPS原理与应用[M].电子工业出版社.2002
[34]郭际明. GPS与GLONASS最新发展[J].测绘信息与工程,2002 27(a):pp 28-30
[35]候忠诚,全球卫星导航系统的发展概况,2003
[36]张贤达.现代信号处理[M].清华大学出版社,2002
[37]沈福民.自适应信号处理[M].西安电子科技大学出版社,2003
[38] Bassem R.Mahafza. Radar Systems Analysis and Design Using MATLAB[M].CHAPMAN & HALL/CRC,2000
[39]王永良.空时自适应信号处理[M].清华大学出版社,2000
[40]孙晓昶,皇甫堪,程翥等. GPS接收机联合空时抗干扰方法[J].通信学报,2003,24(9):pp 93-102
[41]李双勋,程翥,薛鸿印等.联合空时抗干扰天线阵的快速实现方法[J].国防科技大学学报,2007,29(3):pp 39-44
[42]孙晓昶.GPS接收机联合空时抗干扰技术研究[M].国防科技大学,2003
[43]杨广玉,吴顺君,洪一.两维DBF相控阵雷达的通道误差与通道均衡[J],雷达科学与技术,2005,3(6):pp 367-371
[44] Anthony J. Weiss and Benjamin Friedlander. Algorithm for Steering Vector Estimation Using Second Order Moments[C].Signals, Systems and Computers,1995. Conference Record of the Twenty-Ninth Asilomar Conference on, 1996, vol.2: pp782-786
[45] Wang, C. and Cadzow, J.A. Direction-Finding with Sensor Grain, Phase and Location Uncertainty[C]. Acoustics, speech and Signal Processing 1994. ICASSP-91. 1991 IEEE International Conference on,1991, vol.2: pp1429-1432
[2] R. O. Schmidt. Multiple emitter location and signal parameter estimation[C]. In Proc. RADC Spectral Estimation Workshop,1979: pp243-258.
[3] Burg J P. Maximum-entropy spectral analysis[R]. Proc.37th meeting of society of exploration Geophysicists, Otc, 1967.
[4] A Parlraj, R Roy, T Kailth. Estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques-ESPRIT[R]. Pros.19th Asilomar Conf., Pacific Grove, 1985.
[5] Benjamin Friedlander, Anthony J.Wciss. Eigenstructure methods for direction finding with sensor gain and phase uncertainty[C]. In Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Acoust.Speech,Signal Processing. Apr,1988: pp2681-2684.
[6] Pierre J, Kaveh M. Experimental performance of calibration and direction finding algorithma[J]. IEEE TASSP.1991.2:pp114-118.
[7] Weiss A J, Friedlander B. Effects of modeling errors on th resolution threshold of the MUSIC algorithm[J]. IEEE Trans.SP.1994. 42(6):pp1519-1526..
[8] C.M.S. See, MSC. Method for array calibration in high-resolution sensor array processing[J], IEE Proc.-Radar,Sonar Naving, 1995, 142:pp90-96.
[9]魏平,肖先赐.阵列测向系统中模型误差的校正方法[J].电子科技大学学报, 1995, 24(7):pp121-126.
[10] NG B C et al. Sensor array calibration using a Maximum-likelihood approach[J]. IEEE T-AP.,1996. 44(6).:pp827-835.
[11]贾永康,保铮,吴洹.一种阵列天线阵元位置、幅度及相位误差的有源校正方法[J],电子学报, 1996, 24(3):pp47-52.
[12]鲁加国,吴曼青.基于FFT的相控阵雷达校准方法[J].电波科学学报,2000,15(2):pp221-224
[13] Soon.V.C., Tong,L.,Huang Y.F. A subspace method for estimating sensor gains and phases[J].Signal Processing of the IEEE, Vol.42,Apr.1994:pp 973-976.
[14]廖桂生,保铮.基于高阶累量的盲高分辨DOA估计及其性能分析[J].通信学报,1996,17(4):pp9-14.
[15]王炎.数字天线阵列及其校正[D].合肥:中国科技大学,2003.
[16] R. T. Compton Jr. Adaptive Antennas, Concepts and Performance[R], PrenticeHall,Englewood Cliffs, NJ,1988.
[17] O.L.Frost,III. An Algorthm for Linerly Constraind Adaptive Array Processing[J]. Proceedings of the IEEE,Vol.60,Aug.1972,:pp 926-935.
[18] K. M. Buckley, .Spatial/Spectral Filtering with Linearly Constrained Minimum Variance Beamformers[J].IEEE Trans.on ASSP,Vol.35,Mar.1987:pp249-266
[19] L. G. Godara, Error analysis of the optimal antenna array processors[J]. IEEE Trans AE, 1986, 22 (3):pp395-409
[20] L. J. Griffiths,C. W. Jim. An Alternativ Approach to Linearly Constrained Adaptive Beamforming[J].IEEE Trans.on SP,Vol.42,Oct.1994 :pp2871-2875
[21]苏卫民,顾红,倪晋麟等.通道幅相误差条件下MUSIC空间谱的统计性能[J].电子学报, 2000, 28(6):pp105-107.
[22]韩芳明,张守宏,潘复平.阵列误差对MUSIC算法性能的影响与校正[J].西安电子科技大学学报, 2003, 30(5):pp585-589
[23] C.M.S. See. Sensor array calibration in the presence of mutual coupling and unknown sensor gains and phases [J]. Electronic Letters.3rd Mar 1994, 30(5) :pp373-374
[24] Wang, C. and Cadzow, J.A. Direction-Finding with Sensor Grain, Phase and Location Uncertainty[R] Acoustics, speech and Signal Processing 1994. ICASSP-91.
[25] McArthur, D. and Reilly, J.P. A Computationally Efficient Self-calibration Direction-of arrival Estimator[C]. Acoustics, speech and Signal Processing 1994. ICASSP-94. 1994 IEEE International Conference on, Volume:iv, 1994, vol.4: ppIV/201-IV/204.
[26] David Astely and A. Lee Swindlehurst. Spatial Signature Estimation for Uniform Linear Arrays with Unknown Receiver Gains and Phases[J]. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 1999,47(8): pp 2128-2138.
[27]贾永康.阵列信号处理稳健性研究—利用信号时域特性及其它信息[D].西安:西安电子科技大学, 1996.
[28] Eric K. L. Hung. A Critical study of a self-Calibration Direction-Finding Method for Arrays[J] . IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,1994 ,42(2): pp471-474.
[29] Eric K. L. Hung. A Critical study of a self-Calibration Direction-Finding Method for Arrays[J].IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,1994 ,42(2): pp471-474.
[30]周玮,冯大政,刘建强.一种新颖的DOA估计算法[J].电子与信息学报,2005,27(10):pp 1513-1516
[31] Benjamin Friendlander, Fellow, IEEE, and Anthony J. Weiss, Senior Member, IEEE. Direction Finding in the Presence of Mutual Coupling[J].IEEE Trans on antennas and propagation,1991,39(3):pp 279-283
[32]李真芳,王洪洋,保铮等.分布式小卫星雷达阵列误差估计与校正方法[J].系统工程与电子技术, 2004, 26(9): pp1159-1161.
[33] Elliott D.Kaolan.邱致和,王万义译.GPS原理与应用[M].电子工业出版社.2002
[34]郭际明. GPS与GLONASS最新发展[J].测绘信息与工程,2002 27(a):pp 28-30
[35]候忠诚,全球卫星导航系统的发展概况,2003
[36]张贤达.现代信号处理[M].清华大学出版社,2002
[37]沈福民.自适应信号处理[M].西安电子科技大学出版社,2003
[38] Bassem R.Mahafza. Radar Systems Analysis and Design Using MATLAB[M].CHAPMAN & HALL/CRC,2000
[39]王永良.空时自适应信号处理[M].清华大学出版社,2000
[40]孙晓昶,皇甫堪,程翥等. GPS接收机联合空时抗干扰方法[J].通信学报,2003,24(9):pp 93-102
[41]李双勋,程翥,薛鸿印等.联合空时抗干扰天线阵的快速实现方法[J].国防科技大学学报,2007,29(3):pp 39-44
[42]孙晓昶.GPS接收机联合空时抗干扰技术研究[M].国防科技大学,2003
[43]杨广玉,吴顺君,洪一.两维DBF相控阵雷达的通道误差与通道均衡[J],雷达科学与技术,2005,3(6):pp 367-371
[44] Anthony J. Weiss and Benjamin Friedlander. Algorithm for Steering Vector Estimation Using Second Order Moments[C].Signals, Systems and Computers,1995. Conference Record of the Twenty-Ninth Asilomar Conference on, 1996, vol.2: pp782-786
[45] Wang, C. and Cadzow, J.A. Direction-Finding with Sensor Grain, Phase and Location Uncertainty[C]. Acoustics, speech and Signal Processing 1994. ICASSP-91. 1991 IEEE International Conference on,1991, vol.2: pp1429-1432