隧道施工引起地层位移及建筑物变形预测的实用方法研究
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摘要
本文基于国内外较系统的实测数据,深入分析隧道施工引起的地层、建筑物的位移和变形规律,剖析当前地层位移、建筑物变形、建筑物损坏的常用预测方法与预测模型,提出适合我国具体地质条件、土性特点与施工手段的工程实用预测模型。
首先,在地层位移方面,基于国内地面沉降数据,分析评价了国际上经典的Peck公式在国内的适用性;对于几个典型地区(如北京和上海),给出了公式中经验参数的具体建议值;在实测数据的支持下,对估算不同深度地层位移的Mair公式进行了修正和扩展,使其具有更广泛的适用性。
其次,在随机介质理论法中引入不均匀收敛的隧道变形模式,并给出了各类断面隧道的变形计算模型。深入研究和讨论了随机介质理论方法和Peck方法的关系,并对随机介质理论中的计算参数进行了讨论,给出了工程实用的计算方法。
第三,在建筑物变形规律方面,通过对变形模式的分析,给出了建筑物平面扭曲变形的数学和物理定义以及数学表达公式。以伦敦地区伊丽莎白大厦为例,采用本文所提出的方法,首次量化分析了建筑物在沉降变形过程中产生的扭曲变形。
第四,以两个实际工程的观测资料为基础,对建筑物在隧道施工下的三维变形规律进行了深入研究,从中提炼出了一些普遍规律。重点研究了建筑物在隧道引发变形的性质(弯曲或剪切),认为一般情况下结构变形均以剪切变形为主。以此为理论基础提出了考虑结构剪切刚度对地层位移作用的新思路与新方法。
第五,在建筑物变形预测方面,通过机理研究和实测数据的分析,提出了体型简单、结构刚度均一建筑物沉降槽的高斯分布模型与结构刚度影响机理;基于实测资料给出了系数K和结构剪切刚度经验关系,建立了一个考虑建筑物结构刚度的建筑物沉降曲线的预测方法-刚度修正法,是首次提出的基本反映了隧道-土-结构相互作用效果的一种工程实用方法。
Based on field data from home and abroad, mainly those from London, a systematic research is conducted in this thesis to discuss the deformation laws of ground and structure, and some practical methods are suggested to predicting the ground settlement, structure deformation.
Firstly, on the ground settlement, the classic empirical method, Gaussian equation suggested by Peck (1969) is evaluated in detail based on field data, and the typical key parameters for some big cities of China are suggested. The law of subsurface deformation has been studied compared with the equation by Mair et al (1993), and a modified equation, which has a broader adaptability, is suggested.
Secondly, on the ground settlement, a non-uniform convergence mode is introduced to the Stochastic Medium Model (SMM) method to achieve a better prediction of the ground deformation. The theoretical background and practical results of the SMM method and Peck method are compared and discussed, and the procedure to determine the key parameters used in SMM method is suggested based on the experience from the application of the Peck method.
Thirdly, on the structure response to the ground deformation, the mathematical and physical definitions of the twist for a plane, and a calculation method are proposed through the theoretical analysis on the building deformation modes. This method is confirmed by a case study.
Fourthly, on the structure response to the ground deformation, the three-dimensional deformation response of the buildings is analyzed in depth from two extensive case studies in London. The deformation mode of the structure is discussed and it is found out that the deflection of a typical multi-storey building is mainly caused by shear deformation of the structure. So, it is reasonable to use shear stiffness to describe the structure stiffness in the building deformation prediction models rather than bending stiffness.
Fifthly,on the building settlement prediction,an important observation is put forward that the settlement profiles of the building also can be fitted by the Gaussian equation by using a larger trough-width parameter K influenced by the structural stiffness. An empirical relationship between the parameter K and the shear stiffness of the building has been suggested which can be used to predict the trough parameter according to the building stiffness, so that a‘Stiffness Modified Method’is established, which is a simple, but efficient method that considered the result of the complicated tunnel-soil-structure interaction effects.
首先,在地层位移方面,基于国内地面沉降数据,分析评价了国际上经典的Peck公式在国内的适用性;对于几个典型地区(如北京和上海),给出了公式中经验参数的具体建议值;在实测数据的支持下,对估算不同深度地层位移的Mair公式进行了修正和扩展,使其具有更广泛的适用性。
其次,在随机介质理论法中引入不均匀收敛的隧道变形模式,并给出了各类断面隧道的变形计算模型。深入研究和讨论了随机介质理论方法和Peck方法的关系,并对随机介质理论中的计算参数进行了讨论,给出了工程实用的计算方法。
第三,在建筑物变形规律方面,通过对变形模式的分析,给出了建筑物平面扭曲变形的数学和物理定义以及数学表达公式。以伦敦地区伊丽莎白大厦为例,采用本文所提出的方法,首次量化分析了建筑物在沉降变形过程中产生的扭曲变形。
第四,以两个实际工程的观测资料为基础,对建筑物在隧道施工下的三维变形规律进行了深入研究,从中提炼出了一些普遍规律。重点研究了建筑物在隧道引发变形的性质(弯曲或剪切),认为一般情况下结构变形均以剪切变形为主。以此为理论基础提出了考虑结构剪切刚度对地层位移作用的新思路与新方法。
第五,在建筑物变形预测方面,通过机理研究和实测数据的分析,提出了体型简单、结构刚度均一建筑物沉降槽的高斯分布模型与结构刚度影响机理;基于实测资料给出了系数K和结构剪切刚度经验关系,建立了一个考虑建筑物结构刚度的建筑物沉降曲线的预测方法-刚度修正法,是首次提出的基本反映了隧道-土-结构相互作用效果的一种工程实用方法。
Based on field data from home and abroad, mainly those from London, a systematic research is conducted in this thesis to discuss the deformation laws of ground and structure, and some practical methods are suggested to predicting the ground settlement, structure deformation.
Firstly, on the ground settlement, the classic empirical method, Gaussian equation suggested by Peck (1969) is evaluated in detail based on field data, and the typical key parameters for some big cities of China are suggested. The law of subsurface deformation has been studied compared with the equation by Mair et al (1993), and a modified equation, which has a broader adaptability, is suggested.
Secondly, on the ground settlement, a non-uniform convergence mode is introduced to the Stochastic Medium Model (SMM) method to achieve a better prediction of the ground deformation. The theoretical background and practical results of the SMM method and Peck method are compared and discussed, and the procedure to determine the key parameters used in SMM method is suggested based on the experience from the application of the Peck method.
Thirdly, on the structure response to the ground deformation, the mathematical and physical definitions of the twist for a plane, and a calculation method are proposed through the theoretical analysis on the building deformation modes. This method is confirmed by a case study.
Fourthly, on the structure response to the ground deformation, the three-dimensional deformation response of the buildings is analyzed in depth from two extensive case studies in London. The deformation mode of the structure is discussed and it is found out that the deflection of a typical multi-storey building is mainly caused by shear deformation of the structure. So, it is reasonable to use shear stiffness to describe the structure stiffness in the building deformation prediction models rather than bending stiffness.
Fifthly,on the building settlement prediction,an important observation is put forward that the settlement profiles of the building also can be fitted by the Gaussian equation by using a larger trough-width parameter K influenced by the structural stiffness. An empirical relationship between the parameter K and the shear stiffness of the building has been suggested which can be used to predict the trough parameter according to the building stiffness, so that a‘Stiffness Modified Method’is established, which is a simple, but efficient method that considered the result of the complicated tunnel-soil-structure interaction effects.
引文
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