潜在突发性泥石流遥感图像解译与信息提取
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摘要
5.12汶川地震发生于川西高原东部中、高山地区,由于此处地质环境极为脆弱,造成地壳断裂、地面山体破碎。地震诱发了大规模的崩塌、滑坡、泥石流等地质灾害,分布广泛、类型复杂、破坏性巨大。震后,研究区泥石流具有暴发频率高、规模大,潜在危害严重等特点,成为灾后重建的重要障碍。在这种背景下,震后潜在泥石流的解译,对灾后重建意义重大。地震发生后,为抗震救灾,各遥感卫星公司迅速组织获取灾区遥感数据的工作,提供第一手遥感影像。多家科研院所与高校也在第一时间为灾区震灾进行了遥感调查解译与应急评估。纵观这些地质灾害的提取方法,虽然进步很大,精度也越来越高,而对于潜在突发性泥石流的信息提取并不太适合,关于潜在泥石流信息提取的文章也很少见有文献报道。
本文以地质灾害防治与地质环境保护国家重点实验室“科技减灾,重建家园”专项科研基金项目“汶川地震区地震诱发斜坡地质灾害遥感图像解译与评价”和重点实验室自主研究基金资助项目“汶川地震区潜在泥石流隐患判识标准及预测评价方法研究”为依托,选择地震中受灾较为严重的映秀至老虎嘴作为研究区域,以高空间分辨率航空影像为数据源,利用“3S”技术在虚拟三维场景的基础上,结合已建立的解译标志及研究区地形地貌及地质环境条件,采用人机交互的方式对研究区的地质灾害(包括崩塌、滑坡、活动泥石流沟)进行解译和信息提取,并在对活动泥石流进行评价分析的基础上,判译出研究区的潜在泥石流。
论文所取得的主要研究成果与认识如下:
(1)制作三维可视化影像动态分析图:由震后航片及由其提取的DEM制作研究区遥感图像地质解译三维可视化影像动态分析图,它不仅可以直观形象地表现地质灾害的特征,而且还能对地质灾害进行多视角、多尺度的动态观测,为地质灾害图像解译和野外调查提供指导、同时为后期的预防与整治提供参考;
(2)滑坡、崩塌及活动泥石流的解译:根据已建立的解译标志和已有地质、地理等相关资料,结合地质灾害发育背景,利用遥感图像和三维遥感模型并结合野外考察,对滑坡、崩塌及泥石流进行人机交互式解译与信息提取,确定地质灾害点的类型、位置、边界等。
(3)泥石流影响因子分析及危险度区划:将活动性泥石流沟作为样本,参照前人的研究成果和泥石流的分布状况,选取6个因子,即高程、坡度、断裂、土地利用类型,崩塌滑坡的密度及年日最大降雨量来对研究区泥石流沟发育特征进行分析,得到研究区泥石流危险度区划图,将其分为三级,即泥石流高危区、泥石流中危区、泥石流低危区。
(4)潜在泥石流的解译:在地质、地形、气象水文等地质灾害发育的环境因素基础上,根据各活动泥石流沟的危险度值,以活动泥石流沟的危险性平均值做为分析待判定沟谷的危险度标准,以三维可视化技术为辅助,对潜在泥石流进行判译,确定其是否具有发生泥石流的可能性。
本文在震后遥感图像解译和现场调查资料基础上,利用“3S”技术对研究区以潜在泥石流危害为主的地质灾害进行遥感图像解译和信息提取,为灾后的恢复重建及规划和震后潜在泥石流的防灾减灾提供参考依据。
The 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake happened in eastern middle and high mountain areas of the West Sichuan Plateau. Because the geological environment is fragile, The Earth crust is fractured,the mountain massif is broken. A number of Collapses, landslides and mud-rock flows etc geologic disaster are caused by the earthquake. They are widely distributed, the type is complicated, often causes catastrophes. After the earthquake, the outbreaks of the debris flow in the study area have characteristics of high frequency, large scale and serious potential hazards, which become big obstacles to reconstruction. Against this background, the interpretation of potential debris flow is significant for the reconstruction after earthquake. After the earthquake happened, all satellite remote sensing companies rapidly organized to acquire remote sensing data of disaster areas for disaster relief and provided the first hand of remote sensing images. A number of scientific research institutions and universities and colleges joined in remote sensing investigation and emergency assessment. Viewing the extraction method of the geologic disasters, although making great progress and the precision is increasing ,but which are not suitable for the information extraction of the sudden potential flow that are rarely seen in articles.
The paper is based on The Prevention of Geological Disasters and Geological Environment Protection State Key Laboratory "technology relief and rebuild homes" special research fund project "wenchuan earthquake induced slope geological hazards with reference to the remote sensing image interpretation and assessment" and the independent research fund project of State Key Laboratory "the hidden trouble of potential mudslides recognition standard and prediction appraisal method study in the Wenchuan quake areas". Select the area From Yingxiu to Laohuzui which is hit more serious in the earthquake as a study area to high spatial resolution images of the data source, high spatial resolution images as data source. Interpreting and extracting information geologic disasters (Collapses, landslides and mud-rock flows) of study area on the basis of three-dimensional virtual scene using GIS, RS and GPS techniques and human-computer interaction. Interpreting the potential debris flows in the study area on the basis of evaluating and analyzing the active flows. The main results achieved in the paper are shown as following:
(1)Building remote sensing images geological interpretation three-dimensional visualization image dynamic analysis picture of study area using images after earthquake and DEM extracted by the images: Combining technology of three-dimensional visualization with remote sensing technology to build three-dimensional remote sensing images dynamic analysis picture of study area, which not only can directly and vividly show the characters of geologic disasters,and still can dynamically observe geological hazards in more perspective and multi-scale, Providing guidance for the two-dimensional image interpretation of geological disasters and field investigation, providing reference for later prevention and repairmen.
(2)The interpretation of landslide, collapse and active debris flow: according to established interpreting marks and existing geological, geographical and other related information, combing with the analysis and interpretation of development geological disasters' background and disasters body information, using remote sensing images and three-dimensional model combining field survey, landslide, interpreting and extracting information of collapse, landslide and debris making use of man-machine interactive, determining the types, position and boundary of the geological disasters.
(3) The analysis of mudslides impact factor and danger zones classification: With active debris flow gully as sample, referring to the research achievements of predecessors and mud-rock flow distribution, select six relatively stable factors, namely elevation, slope, fracture, land use type and density of landslides, collapse and the day biggest rainfall of the year to analyzed development characteristic of the debris flow gully of study area, and the research area mudslides risk zoning is gained, which is divide into three-level, namely the high-risk areas of mudslides, the middle-risk areas of mudslides and low-risk areas of mudslides.
(4) The interpretation of potential mudslides: on the basis of geology, topography, meteorology and water resources etc geological hazards development environmental factors, With the average of active debris flow gully risk as a standard to judge the undetermined gullies. Judging the potential mudslides with three-dimensional visualization technology assistance and in a way of the man-machine interactive to determine the possibility whether landslides will happened.
This paper based on post-earthquake remote sensing image interpretation and field investigation data, using the GIS, RS and GPS techniques to interpret mainly as potential debris flows hazards geological disasters in the study area,providing references for disaster prevention and mitigation of potential mudslides and recovery plan of post-seismic.
本文以地质灾害防治与地质环境保护国家重点实验室“科技减灾,重建家园”专项科研基金项目“汶川地震区地震诱发斜坡地质灾害遥感图像解译与评价”和重点实验室自主研究基金资助项目“汶川地震区潜在泥石流隐患判识标准及预测评价方法研究”为依托,选择地震中受灾较为严重的映秀至老虎嘴作为研究区域,以高空间分辨率航空影像为数据源,利用“3S”技术在虚拟三维场景的基础上,结合已建立的解译标志及研究区地形地貌及地质环境条件,采用人机交互的方式对研究区的地质灾害(包括崩塌、滑坡、活动泥石流沟)进行解译和信息提取,并在对活动泥石流进行评价分析的基础上,判译出研究区的潜在泥石流。
论文所取得的主要研究成果与认识如下:
(1)制作三维可视化影像动态分析图:由震后航片及由其提取的DEM制作研究区遥感图像地质解译三维可视化影像动态分析图,它不仅可以直观形象地表现地质灾害的特征,而且还能对地质灾害进行多视角、多尺度的动态观测,为地质灾害图像解译和野外调查提供指导、同时为后期的预防与整治提供参考;
(2)滑坡、崩塌及活动泥石流的解译:根据已建立的解译标志和已有地质、地理等相关资料,结合地质灾害发育背景,利用遥感图像和三维遥感模型并结合野外考察,对滑坡、崩塌及泥石流进行人机交互式解译与信息提取,确定地质灾害点的类型、位置、边界等。
(3)泥石流影响因子分析及危险度区划:将活动性泥石流沟作为样本,参照前人的研究成果和泥石流的分布状况,选取6个因子,即高程、坡度、断裂、土地利用类型,崩塌滑坡的密度及年日最大降雨量来对研究区泥石流沟发育特征进行分析,得到研究区泥石流危险度区划图,将其分为三级,即泥石流高危区、泥石流中危区、泥石流低危区。
(4)潜在泥石流的解译:在地质、地形、气象水文等地质灾害发育的环境因素基础上,根据各活动泥石流沟的危险度值,以活动泥石流沟的危险性平均值做为分析待判定沟谷的危险度标准,以三维可视化技术为辅助,对潜在泥石流进行判译,确定其是否具有发生泥石流的可能性。
本文在震后遥感图像解译和现场调查资料基础上,利用“3S”技术对研究区以潜在泥石流危害为主的地质灾害进行遥感图像解译和信息提取,为灾后的恢复重建及规划和震后潜在泥石流的防灾减灾提供参考依据。
The 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake happened in eastern middle and high mountain areas of the West Sichuan Plateau. Because the geological environment is fragile, The Earth crust is fractured,the mountain massif is broken. A number of Collapses, landslides and mud-rock flows etc geologic disaster are caused by the earthquake. They are widely distributed, the type is complicated, often causes catastrophes. After the earthquake, the outbreaks of the debris flow in the study area have characteristics of high frequency, large scale and serious potential hazards, which become big obstacles to reconstruction. Against this background, the interpretation of potential debris flow is significant for the reconstruction after earthquake. After the earthquake happened, all satellite remote sensing companies rapidly organized to acquire remote sensing data of disaster areas for disaster relief and provided the first hand of remote sensing images. A number of scientific research institutions and universities and colleges joined in remote sensing investigation and emergency assessment. Viewing the extraction method of the geologic disasters, although making great progress and the precision is increasing ,but which are not suitable for the information extraction of the sudden potential flow that are rarely seen in articles.
The paper is based on The Prevention of Geological Disasters and Geological Environment Protection State Key Laboratory "technology relief and rebuild homes" special research fund project "wenchuan earthquake induced slope geological hazards with reference to the remote sensing image interpretation and assessment" and the independent research fund project of State Key Laboratory "the hidden trouble of potential mudslides recognition standard and prediction appraisal method study in the Wenchuan quake areas". Select the area From Yingxiu to Laohuzui which is hit more serious in the earthquake as a study area to high spatial resolution images of the data source, high spatial resolution images as data source. Interpreting and extracting information geologic disasters (Collapses, landslides and mud-rock flows) of study area on the basis of three-dimensional virtual scene using GIS, RS and GPS techniques and human-computer interaction. Interpreting the potential debris flows in the study area on the basis of evaluating and analyzing the active flows. The main results achieved in the paper are shown as following:
(1)Building remote sensing images geological interpretation three-dimensional visualization image dynamic analysis picture of study area using images after earthquake and DEM extracted by the images: Combining technology of three-dimensional visualization with remote sensing technology to build three-dimensional remote sensing images dynamic analysis picture of study area, which not only can directly and vividly show the characters of geologic disasters,and still can dynamically observe geological hazards in more perspective and multi-scale, Providing guidance for the two-dimensional image interpretation of geological disasters and field investigation, providing reference for later prevention and repairmen.
(2)The interpretation of landslide, collapse and active debris flow: according to established interpreting marks and existing geological, geographical and other related information, combing with the analysis and interpretation of development geological disasters' background and disasters body information, using remote sensing images and three-dimensional model combining field survey, landslide, interpreting and extracting information of collapse, landslide and debris making use of man-machine interactive, determining the types, position and boundary of the geological disasters.
(3) The analysis of mudslides impact factor and danger zones classification: With active debris flow gully as sample, referring to the research achievements of predecessors and mud-rock flow distribution, select six relatively stable factors, namely elevation, slope, fracture, land use type and density of landslides, collapse and the day biggest rainfall of the year to analyzed development characteristic of the debris flow gully of study area, and the research area mudslides risk zoning is gained, which is divide into three-level, namely the high-risk areas of mudslides, the middle-risk areas of mudslides and low-risk areas of mudslides.
(4) The interpretation of potential mudslides: on the basis of geology, topography, meteorology and water resources etc geological hazards development environmental factors, With the average of active debris flow gully risk as a standard to judge the undetermined gullies. Judging the potential mudslides with three-dimensional visualization technology assistance and in a way of the man-machine interactive to determine the possibility whether landslides will happened.
This paper based on post-earthquake remote sensing image interpretation and field investigation data, using the GIS, RS and GPS techniques to interpret mainly as potential debris flows hazards geological disasters in the study area,providing references for disaster prevention and mitigation of potential mudslides and recovery plan of post-seismic.
引文
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