杭州市园林绿化自然灾害应急管理研究
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摘要
现代城市发展中,人们的生存空间和生存环境都在不同程度上面临着自然灾害的挑战,全面而综合的判断和积极有效的应对是解决问题的关键。在人类聚居的城市范围内,城市安全是保证人们生存的前提,而良好优质的人居环境是保证人们创造美好生活的基础,加强城市绿地系统建设,提高城市防灾避险能力,不仅是提高城市防灾减灾应急能力的迫切需要,也是贯彻落实科学发展观、关注民生、构建和谐社会、促进城市可持续发展的必然要求。国内外的诸多案例证明,完善的城市绿地系统可有效地缓解灾害损失。在大搞园林绿化建设的同时,也要做好保护现有园林绿化成果
改革开放以来,杭州绿化建设实现了大突破,绿地面积实现了大飞跃,绿化质量实现了大跨越,管养水平实现了大提升,绿色成了杭州城市最显著的标志色,绿化成了杭州人民受益最大的“民心工程”。但杭州作为中国东部沿海重点城市,其可能的自然灾害主要包括台风风暴潮、暴雨内涝、高温干旱、暴雪冰冻等.如何使园林绿化建设成果在自然灾害来临时将损失降到最低,本文针对杭州市降险减灾的严峻形势,分析杭州主要自然灾害的形式特点出发,结合日本及欧美国家的自然灾害应急管理丰富经验,以及多年来的灾害应急管理经验教训,提出了城市绿化自然灾害应急管理体系的建设和要求,并针对杭州市防灾绿地系统的建设现状,重点分析杭州主要自然灾害的起因和采取的应急措施,提出了杭州市建设防灾绿地系统的具体建议,通过本文能够对杭州构建以“风险防范”为核心的城市安全体系、加强自然灾害风险管控提供科学依据。希望本文的研究对完善杭州市园林绿化管理自然灾害应急管理制度的建设有所裨益,并形成既具有杭州特色的可操作性的应急办法,又有一定推广意义的城市园林绿化自然灾害应急模式。
Development of modern city, the people's living space and living environment in different degrees are facing the challenge of natural disasters. The key of resolving the problem is the comprehensive judgment and positive effective response. In the cities which humanity lives together, urban security is the premise of ensuring the people's survival. And the good quality residential environment is the basis of guaranteeing the people that create fine life. Strengthening the construction of urban green system and improving the urban disaster prevention hedge ability is not only improving the urban disaster prevention and mitigating contingency ability of urgent needs, but also implementing the scientific outlook on development, paying attention to the people's livelihood, constructing the harmonious society and promoting the sustainable development of the city request inevitably. Many cases prove at home and abroad, the disaster loss could be effectively relieved by perfect urban green space system. While making the landscape construction on a large scale, it should be made to the protection of the existing landscape results.
Since the reform and opening, the greening construction of Hangzhou was realized big breakthrough, the green land area was realized big leap, the greening quality was achieved great leap, the level of greening management maintenance was achieved great ascension. The most prominent symbol color in Hangzhou is green. The biggest "popular project" for the people's benefit in Hangzhou is green. But as Hangzhou is the China's eastern coastal city, the possible large-scale natural disaster mainly includes the storm, typhoon rainstorm water-logging, hot and dry weather, blizzard etc. How to make landscape construction achievements in natural disasters to temporary loss is minimized! In allusion to drop risks and mitigation of Hangzhou grim situation, anglicizing of Hangzhou main natural disasters, combining with the features of the Japanese and the European and American countries of rich experience, as well as reference to other cities experiences and lessons in our country, the paper was put forward to the construction and requirements of the city greening natural disaster emergency management system. It could be construct the "risk prevention" as the core of urban security system, and provide the scientific basis for strengthening the disaster control. It was hopeful to give the construction benefits of natural disaster emergency management system of Hangzhou landscape management. It was formed the emergency measures which has Hangzhou features and maneuverability, and the natural disaster emergency modes which has certain significance for popularization of urban landscape.
改革开放以来,杭州绿化建设实现了大突破,绿地面积实现了大飞跃,绿化质量实现了大跨越,管养水平实现了大提升,绿色成了杭州城市最显著的标志色,绿化成了杭州人民受益最大的“民心工程”。但杭州作为中国东部沿海重点城市,其可能的自然灾害主要包括台风风暴潮、暴雨内涝、高温干旱、暴雪冰冻等.如何使园林绿化建设成果在自然灾害来临时将损失降到最低,本文针对杭州市降险减灾的严峻形势,分析杭州主要自然灾害的形式特点出发,结合日本及欧美国家的自然灾害应急管理丰富经验,以及多年来的灾害应急管理经验教训,提出了城市绿化自然灾害应急管理体系的建设和要求,并针对杭州市防灾绿地系统的建设现状,重点分析杭州主要自然灾害的起因和采取的应急措施,提出了杭州市建设防灾绿地系统的具体建议,通过本文能够对杭州构建以“风险防范”为核心的城市安全体系、加强自然灾害风险管控提供科学依据。希望本文的研究对完善杭州市园林绿化管理自然灾害应急管理制度的建设有所裨益,并形成既具有杭州特色的可操作性的应急办法,又有一定推广意义的城市园林绿化自然灾害应急模式。
Development of modern city, the people's living space and living environment in different degrees are facing the challenge of natural disasters. The key of resolving the problem is the comprehensive judgment and positive effective response. In the cities which humanity lives together, urban security is the premise of ensuring the people's survival. And the good quality residential environment is the basis of guaranteeing the people that create fine life. Strengthening the construction of urban green system and improving the urban disaster prevention hedge ability is not only improving the urban disaster prevention and mitigating contingency ability of urgent needs, but also implementing the scientific outlook on development, paying attention to the people's livelihood, constructing the harmonious society and promoting the sustainable development of the city request inevitably. Many cases prove at home and abroad, the disaster loss could be effectively relieved by perfect urban green space system. While making the landscape construction on a large scale, it should be made to the protection of the existing landscape results.
Since the reform and opening, the greening construction of Hangzhou was realized big breakthrough, the green land area was realized big leap, the greening quality was achieved great leap, the level of greening management maintenance was achieved great ascension. The most prominent symbol color in Hangzhou is green. The biggest "popular project" for the people's benefit in Hangzhou is green. But as Hangzhou is the China's eastern coastal city, the possible large-scale natural disaster mainly includes the storm, typhoon rainstorm water-logging, hot and dry weather, blizzard etc. How to make landscape construction achievements in natural disasters to temporary loss is minimized! In allusion to drop risks and mitigation of Hangzhou grim situation, anglicizing of Hangzhou main natural disasters, combining with the features of the Japanese and the European and American countries of rich experience, as well as reference to other cities experiences and lessons in our country, the paper was put forward to the construction and requirements of the city greening natural disaster emergency management system. It could be construct the "risk prevention" as the core of urban security system, and provide the scientific basis for strengthening the disaster control. It was hopeful to give the construction benefits of natural disaster emergency management system of Hangzhou landscape management. It was formed the emergency measures which has Hangzhou features and maneuverability, and the natural disaster emergency modes which has certain significance for popularization of urban landscape.
引文
[1]梁永朵王艳国外自然灾害应急管理体系对我国应急管理工作的启示 防灾科技学院学报2009.9
[2]包志毅 陈波城市绿地系统建设与城市减灾防灾 自然灾害学 2004.2
[3]王 莘 自然灾害应急管理问题研究 青海气象 2007.4
[4]王强自然灾害风险与中国应急管理制度 中国农业大学学报(社会科学版)2009.3
[5]周健华刘晓红重大自然灾害的城市政府应急管理 《时代经贸 2008.6
[6]付林浅议我国地方政府自然灾害应急管理 商业经济 2010.1
[7]曹丽关于自然灾害应急管理的思考 《商场现代化 2007.8
[9]陈宇 沈淑红 高温天气对城市园林绿地的危害及预防措施气象与环境科学2007.3
[10]刘忠阳,杜子璇 城市洪灾及城市防洪规划探讨 气象与环境科学 2007.9
[11]王都伟 高兴春应急避险系统在城市公园绿地中的建设与应用 城市减灾 2006.5
[12]印海廷我国政府在自然灾害应急管理中的角色定位《合作经济与科技 2008.7
[13]王紫雯,程伟平城市水涝灾害的生态机理分析和思考浙江大学学报2002.9
[14]李静张浪陈艾洁城市应急避难场所与城市绿地建设结合途径的探讨 中国园林
[15]苏春生苏幼坡城市园林的抗震减灾功能世界地震工程 2005.3
[16]左雄官昌贵 突发自然灾害应急管理问题探讨商业时代 2009.2
[17]张沁美国应急反应体系的特点和启示《宏观经济管理》2008.12
[18]唐圣华,田力论我国自然灾害应急机制的完善—由2008年南方冰雪灾害引发的思考防灾科技学院学报2008.6
[19]曹羽,温家洪我国应急预案体系现状及展望 灾害学2010.3
[20]闪淳昌构建中国特色的应急管理体系中国浦东干部学院学报2008.9
[21]娄少英浅谈我国城市园林绿化管理的问题及对策科技资讯2010.9
[22]张利华 黄宝荣对杭州市部分自然灾害应急预案完备性评价的实证研究 中国安全科学学报 2009.9
[23]加快国家灾害应急体系建设全面提升减灾救灾能力 中国减灾2008.10
[24]唐敏康关于灾害应急体制的思考城市减灾2008.5
[2]包志毅 陈波城市绿地系统建设与城市减灾防灾 自然灾害学 2004.2
[3]王 莘 自然灾害应急管理问题研究 青海气象 2007.4
[4]王强自然灾害风险与中国应急管理制度 中国农业大学学报(社会科学版)2009.3
[5]周健华刘晓红重大自然灾害的城市政府应急管理 《时代经贸 2008.6
[6]付林浅议我国地方政府自然灾害应急管理 商业经济 2010.1
[7]曹丽关于自然灾害应急管理的思考 《商场现代化 2007.8
[9]陈宇 沈淑红 高温天气对城市园林绿地的危害及预防措施气象与环境科学2007.3
[10]刘忠阳,杜子璇 城市洪灾及城市防洪规划探讨 气象与环境科学 2007.9
[11]王都伟 高兴春应急避险系统在城市公园绿地中的建设与应用 城市减灾 2006.5
[12]印海廷我国政府在自然灾害应急管理中的角色定位《合作经济与科技 2008.7
[13]王紫雯,程伟平城市水涝灾害的生态机理分析和思考浙江大学学报2002.9
[14]李静张浪陈艾洁城市应急避难场所与城市绿地建设结合途径的探讨 中国园林
[15]苏春生苏幼坡城市园林的抗震减灾功能世界地震工程 2005.3
[16]左雄官昌贵 突发自然灾害应急管理问题探讨商业时代 2009.2
[17]张沁美国应急反应体系的特点和启示《宏观经济管理》2008.12
[18]唐圣华,田力论我国自然灾害应急机制的完善—由2008年南方冰雪灾害引发的思考防灾科技学院学报2008.6
[19]曹羽,温家洪我国应急预案体系现状及展望 灾害学2010.3
[20]闪淳昌构建中国特色的应急管理体系中国浦东干部学院学报2008.9
[21]娄少英浅谈我国城市园林绿化管理的问题及对策科技资讯2010.9
[22]张利华 黄宝荣对杭州市部分自然灾害应急预案完备性评价的实证研究 中国安全科学学报 2009.9
[23]加快国家灾害应急体系建设全面提升减灾救灾能力 中国减灾2008.10
[24]唐敏康关于灾害应急体制的思考城市减灾2008.5