文留油田二氧化碳吞吐采油方案研究
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摘要
中原油田“三高一低”(高温、高盐、高压、低粘度)的地质特点决定了其三次采油有自身的特殊性。目前的化学驱、微生物采油技术仅能满足油藏温度小于90℃,矿化度 10×10~4mg/L 以下的油藏,应用范围受到极大的限制,无法满足中原油田苛刻的油藏条件。此外,中原油田有三分之一以上的地质储量为渗透率小于50×10~(-3) um~2的低渗、特低渗透油藏,对这部分储量目前的注水工艺技术不能满足开发要求,主要依靠天然能量开发,采收率仅能达到 15～20%,开发效果极差。如何开发深层低渗、特低渗透油藏既是油田面临的一大难题,也是油田增产稳产的机遇和挑战,提高这部分储量的开发效果,对油田增产稳产具有十分重要的意义。目前中原油田约有 700 多口天然能量井和注水不受效井,覆盖地质储量 6000 多万吨,这些井采出程度很低(8～9%),是 CO_2 单井吞吐的选择对象,是以后稳产、上产的潜力。经过科技人员多年研究和国内权威专家评价,认为 CO_2 吞吐、混相驱是提高中原油田采收率的主攻方向。CO_2单井吞吐由于投资少,见效快且能在一定程度上反映 CO_2 驱对油藏的适应性,因此有必要对这项技术开展研究工作,并为以后的 CO_2驱做好技术准备。
参照国内外 CO_2 单井吞吐的选井条件,结合中原油田的油藏特点,选定文留油田不同原油物性的 4 口油井进行研究,希望通过对选定的油井进行室内实验及油藏数值模拟研究,了解对于中原油田油藏 CO_2 单井吞吐的主要增产机理及影响增产效果的主要因素,以便更好地指导该项技术在中原油田的推广应用。
通过对选定 4 口油井的油样进行室内注气膨胀试验和多级脱气试验研究,表明 CO_2单井吞吐的主要增产机理为:随着注入 CO_2 摩尔百分数的增加,注气压力上升,地层油气油比发生明显的变化,特别是注气后溶解气油比明显上升,地层油体积膨胀明显,原油的比重、粘度明显降低,增加了原油的流动能力,对提高油井产量极为有利;通过采用 CMG 组份模型对注采方案进行优化设计,表明 CO_2注入量、注入速度、油井闷井时间、生产速度等存在一个优化值,需对方案进行优化设计,以获得最好的增产效果。
Due to high temperature, high-salinity, high pressure, and low-viscosity geologiccharacteristic, the tertiary recovery technique in Zhongyun oil field has self-particularity.Now chemical flooding and MEOR technique can only be used in the reservoir, ofwhich temperature and salinity are below 90℃ and 10×104 mg/L respectively so thattheir applications are limited and can't be adapt the Zhongyun oil field harsh condition.More than one-third of OOIP in Zhongyun oil field is in low-permeability, especiallylow-permeability reservoirs, of which permeability is less than 50× 10-3μm2. To thesereservoirs the injecting water technique doesn't meet the production demand and thenature energy is mainly available for production so that efficiency of production is lowand the efficiency is only from 15% to 20%. How to develop the low-permeabilitydeep reservoirs is a problem to field and a chance and a challenge for increasing andstabling reserves. It is important for increasing and stabling reserves for field to enhancethe development efficiency of these reserves. At present there are 700 wells that are ofnatural energy or water injection, the total OOIP is about 60 million tons. This lowrecovery ratio, potential wells are suitable for huff-puff working. After many yearresearch and expert evaluation, carbon dioxide huff-puff and miscible flooding is thepossible way for zhongyuan oil field. With the characteristics of low invest and fasteffect, the technology shows some suitability to the reservoirs. So it is very necessary tobegin this work for future flooding.
With the referral to the well choosing conditions aboard and reservoircharacteristics, four different wells in Wenliu were chosen for lab test and reservoirnumerical imitation research in order to study the production mechanism and effect ofcarbon dioxide huff-puff for future application.
The gas-injection expansion tests and multiple-degas tests of crude oils showed thefollowing huff-puff mechanism ----with the increasing of the carbon dioxide mole percent, the injection pressure goes up, the oil/gas ratio changes greatly, especially thedissolved oil/gas ratio goes up greatly, the reservoir oil volume expands greatly, but thedensity and the viscosity decrease greatly, all these changes are very helpful for theproduction.
The optimization of injection and recovery design resulting from the CMGcomposition model showed the optimization of the parameters of the carbon dioxideinjection amount, the injection speed, the time of shutoff, and the production speed isvital for a better production.
参照国内外 CO_2 单井吞吐的选井条件,结合中原油田的油藏特点,选定文留油田不同原油物性的 4 口油井进行研究,希望通过对选定的油井进行室内实验及油藏数值模拟研究,了解对于中原油田油藏 CO_2 单井吞吐的主要增产机理及影响增产效果的主要因素,以便更好地指导该项技术在中原油田的推广应用。
通过对选定 4 口油井的油样进行室内注气膨胀试验和多级脱气试验研究,表明 CO_2单井吞吐的主要增产机理为:随着注入 CO_2 摩尔百分数的增加,注气压力上升,地层油气油比发生明显的变化,特别是注气后溶解气油比明显上升,地层油体积膨胀明显,原油的比重、粘度明显降低,增加了原油的流动能力,对提高油井产量极为有利;通过采用 CMG 组份模型对注采方案进行优化设计,表明 CO_2注入量、注入速度、油井闷井时间、生产速度等存在一个优化值,需对方案进行优化设计,以获得最好的增产效果。
Due to high temperature, high-salinity, high pressure, and low-viscosity geologiccharacteristic, the tertiary recovery technique in Zhongyun oil field has self-particularity.Now chemical flooding and MEOR technique can only be used in the reservoir, ofwhich temperature and salinity are below 90℃ and 10×104 mg/L respectively so thattheir applications are limited and can't be adapt the Zhongyun oil field harsh condition.More than one-third of OOIP in Zhongyun oil field is in low-permeability, especiallylow-permeability reservoirs, of which permeability is less than 50× 10-3μm2. To thesereservoirs the injecting water technique doesn't meet the production demand and thenature energy is mainly available for production so that efficiency of production is lowand the efficiency is only from 15% to 20%. How to develop the low-permeabilitydeep reservoirs is a problem to field and a chance and a challenge for increasing andstabling reserves. It is important for increasing and stabling reserves for field to enhancethe development efficiency of these reserves. At present there are 700 wells that are ofnatural energy or water injection, the total OOIP is about 60 million tons. This lowrecovery ratio, potential wells are suitable for huff-puff working. After many yearresearch and expert evaluation, carbon dioxide huff-puff and miscible flooding is thepossible way for zhongyuan oil field. With the characteristics of low invest and fasteffect, the technology shows some suitability to the reservoirs. So it is very necessary tobegin this work for future flooding.
With the referral to the well choosing conditions aboard and reservoircharacteristics, four different wells in Wenliu were chosen for lab test and reservoirnumerical imitation research in order to study the production mechanism and effect ofcarbon dioxide huff-puff for future application.
The gas-injection expansion tests and multiple-degas tests of crude oils showed thefollowing huff-puff mechanism ----with the increasing of the carbon dioxide mole percent, the injection pressure goes up, the oil/gas ratio changes greatly, especially thedissolved oil/gas ratio goes up greatly, the reservoir oil volume expands greatly, but thedensity and the viscosity decrease greatly, all these changes are very helpful for theproduction.
The optimization of injection and recovery design resulting from the CMGcomposition model showed the optimization of the parameters of the carbon dioxideinjection amount, the injection speed, the time of shutoff, and the production speed isvital for a better production.
引文
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[6] 郭文斌,陈晓威. 管道输送二氧化碳单井吞吐工艺.
[7] 高慧,张丽华,郎兆新. CO2 吞吐开采稠油油藏的数值模拟研究. 油气采收率技术.2000.7(4):13～17
[8] 梁福元,周洪钟,刘为民,等. CO2 吞吐技术在断块油藏的应用. 断块油气田 2001.8(4):55～57
[9] 李相远,李向良,郭平, 等. 低渗透稀油油藏二氧化碳吞吐选井标准研究. 油气地质与采收率 2001.8(5):66～69
[10] 赵军胜,钱卫明,孟彩仁. 高含水油井 CO2吞吐试验及效果分析. 钻采工艺.2001.24(5):57～61
[11] 吴文有,张丽华,陈文彬. CO2 吞吐改善低渗透油田开发效果可行性研究. 大庆石油地质与开发 2001.20(6):51～54
[12] 杨胜来,郎兆新. 影响 CO2 吞吐采油效果的若干因素研究. 西安石油学院学报(自然科学版)2002.17(1):32～34
[13] 鞠斌山,栾志安,郝永卯, 等. CO2 吞吐效果的影响因素分析. 石油大学学报(自然科学版)2002.26(1):43～45
[14] 钱卫明,余峰,季翔, 等. 溱潼凹陷复杂断块油藏 CO2 吞吐试验. 油气地质与采收率2002.9(2):80～82
[15] 蔡秀玲,周正平,杜风华. CO2 单井吞吐技术的增油机理及应用. 石油钻采工艺 2002.24(4):44～46
[16] 张红梅,安九泉,吴国华, 等. 深层稠油油藏 CO2 吞吐采油工艺试验. 石油钻采工艺2002.24(4):53～56
[17] 谈士海,周正平,刘伟, 等. 复杂断块油藏 CO2 吞吐试验及效果分析. 石油钻采工艺2002.24(4):56～59
[18] 熊钰,曾明,武毅. 兴北 S_3 块 CO2吞吐可行性及注采参数优化研究. 西南石油学院学报2005.27(2):34～36
[19] 徐永成,王庆,韩军, 等. 应用 CO2 吞吐技术改善低渗透油田开发效果的几点认识. 大庆石油地质与开发 2005.24(4):69～71
[20] 任福生,刘艳平,段春凤, 等. CO2 吞吐在断块低渗透油藏的应用 . 断块油气田 2002.9(4):77～79
[21] 陈凡云. 油井 CO2吞吐技术. 河南石油 2002.16(6):33～35
[22] 刘炳官,周方喜,刘玉章, 等. 多周期 CO2 吞吐研究与应用. 江汉石油学院学报 2002.24(4):81～82
[23] 于云霞. CO2单井吞吐增油技术在油田的应用. 钻采工艺 2004.27(1):89～90
[24] 王守岭,孙宝财,王亮, 等. CO2吞吐增产机理室内研究与应用. 钻采工艺 2004.27(1):91～94
[25] 李涤淑,宋先保,刘秀珍, 等. CO2单井吞吐矿场试验. 国外油田工程 2004.20(3);40～42
[25] 邓永红,尚朝辉,杜勇, 等. 单井 CO2 吞吐技术在桩西油藏开发中的应用. 钻采工艺2004.27(3):97～99
[26] 钱卫明,程诗胜,葛永涛. 低渗透油藏 CO2 吞吐参数的实践与认识. 断块油气田 2004.11(5):40～42
[27] 杨胜来,何建军,荣光迪. CO2吞吐期间井筒及油层温度场及其对 CO2吞吐效果的影响. 石油钻探技术 2004.32(2):47～49
[28] 杨胜来,王亮,何建军, 等. CO2 吞吐增油机理及矿场应用效果. 西安石油大学学报(自然科学版)2004.19(6):23～26
[28] 罗瑞兰,程林松,李春兰, 等. 稠油油藏注CO2吞吐适应性研究. 西安石油大学学报(自然科学版)2005.20(1):43～46
[31] 杨小松,孙雷,孙良田, 等. CO2 吞吐选井选层的综合评判方法研究. 天然气地球科学2005.16(5):658～665
[32] 刘洪涛,韩军,孙建国. 低渗透窄薄砂体油藏 CO2 吞吐采油研究与应用. 石油天然气学报2005.27(2):389～391
[33] 侯天江,郑云川,孙雷, 等. 神经网络的 CO2 吞吐候选井模糊优选方法. 西南石油学院学报 2005.27(5):33～36
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[2] 叶芳春. CO2驱油技术与经济.
[3] 谢尚贤,颜五和.大庆油田应用 CO2非混相驱油的可行性和技术界限研究.大庆石油地质与开发,1986,5(4):55～62
[4] 钱卫明.应用 CO2吞吐法提高油藏采收率.试采技术,1989,10(4):29～34
[5] Ben W.Wiseman,Jr.油井的 CO2吞吐方法.美国. 试采技术,1987,8(2):56～59
[6] 郭文斌,陈晓威. 管道输送二氧化碳单井吞吐工艺.
[7] 高慧,张丽华,郎兆新. CO2 吞吐开采稠油油藏的数值模拟研究. 油气采收率技术.2000.7(4):13～17
[8] 梁福元,周洪钟,刘为民,等. CO2 吞吐技术在断块油藏的应用. 断块油气田 2001.8(4):55～57
[9] 李相远,李向良,郭平, 等. 低渗透稀油油藏二氧化碳吞吐选井标准研究. 油气地质与采收率 2001.8(5):66～69
[10] 赵军胜,钱卫明,孟彩仁. 高含水油井 CO2吞吐试验及效果分析. 钻采工艺.2001.24(5):57～61
[11] 吴文有,张丽华,陈文彬. CO2 吞吐改善低渗透油田开发效果可行性研究. 大庆石油地质与开发 2001.20(6):51～54
[12] 杨胜来,郎兆新. 影响 CO2 吞吐采油效果的若干因素研究. 西安石油学院学报(自然科学版)2002.17(1):32～34
[13] 鞠斌山,栾志安,郝永卯, 等. CO2 吞吐效果的影响因素分析. 石油大学学报(自然科学版)2002.26(1):43～45
[14] 钱卫明,余峰,季翔, 等. 溱潼凹陷复杂断块油藏 CO2 吞吐试验. 油气地质与采收率2002.9(2):80～82
[15] 蔡秀玲,周正平,杜风华. CO2 单井吞吐技术的增油机理及应用. 石油钻采工艺 2002.24(4):44～46
[16] 张红梅,安九泉,吴国华, 等. 深层稠油油藏 CO2 吞吐采油工艺试验. 石油钻采工艺2002.24(4):53～56
[17] 谈士海,周正平,刘伟, 等. 复杂断块油藏 CO2 吞吐试验及效果分析. 石油钻采工艺2002.24(4):56～59
[18] 熊钰,曾明,武毅. 兴北 S_3 块 CO2吞吐可行性及注采参数优化研究. 西南石油学院学报2005.27(2):34～36
[19] 徐永成,王庆,韩军, 等. 应用 CO2 吞吐技术改善低渗透油田开发效果的几点认识. 大庆石油地质与开发 2005.24(4):69～71
[20] 任福生,刘艳平,段春凤, 等. CO2 吞吐在断块低渗透油藏的应用 . 断块油气田 2002.9(4):77～79
[21] 陈凡云. 油井 CO2吞吐技术. 河南石油 2002.16(6):33～35
[22] 刘炳官,周方喜,刘玉章, 等. 多周期 CO2 吞吐研究与应用. 江汉石油学院学报 2002.24(4):81～82
[23] 于云霞. CO2单井吞吐增油技术在油田的应用. 钻采工艺 2004.27(1):89～90
[24] 王守岭,孙宝财,王亮, 等. CO2吞吐增产机理室内研究与应用. 钻采工艺 2004.27(1):91～94
[25] 李涤淑,宋先保,刘秀珍, 等. CO2单井吞吐矿场试验. 国外油田工程 2004.20(3);40～42
[25] 邓永红,尚朝辉,杜勇, 等. 单井 CO2 吞吐技术在桩西油藏开发中的应用. 钻采工艺2004.27(3):97～99
[26] 钱卫明,程诗胜,葛永涛. 低渗透油藏 CO2 吞吐参数的实践与认识. 断块油气田 2004.11(5):40～42
[27] 杨胜来,何建军,荣光迪. CO2吞吐期间井筒及油层温度场及其对 CO2吞吐效果的影响. 石油钻探技术 2004.32(2):47～49
[28] 杨胜来,王亮,何建军, 等. CO2 吞吐增油机理及矿场应用效果. 西安石油大学学报(自然科学版)2004.19(6):23～26
[28] 罗瑞兰,程林松,李春兰, 等. 稠油油藏注CO2吞吐适应性研究. 西安石油大学学报(自然科学版)2005.20(1):43～46
[31] 杨小松,孙雷,孙良田, 等. CO2 吞吐选井选层的综合评判方法研究. 天然气地球科学2005.16(5):658～665
[32] 刘洪涛,韩军,孙建国. 低渗透窄薄砂体油藏 CO2 吞吐采油研究与应用. 石油天然气学报2005.27(2):389～391
[33] 侯天江,郑云川,孙雷, 等. 神经网络的 CO2 吞吐候选井模糊优选方法. 西南石油学院学报 2005.27(5):33～36
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