采煤沉陷区煤矸石回填地基建工业厂房技术研究
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摘要
煤炭开采造成的地质环境损害非常严重,主要表现为:农田沉陷撂荒、村庄农舍变形开裂、遗弃矸石山占地污染、地下水循环系统遭到破坏。加之,近年来,随着国民经济飞速发展,急需大量的建设用地,导致人与地、人与环境的矛盾十分突出。为此,本文以国土资源部项目—港口矿区闭坑矿山地质环境综合治理工程为背景,探索了稳定采煤沉陷区煤矸石回填地基建大型工业厂房技术与方法,实现了沉陷区撂荒土地向工业建设用地的转变、煤矸石由工业废弃物向资源化综合利用的转变,取得了显著的经济效益、环境效益和社会效益,具有重要的推广应用价值。
主要研究内容如下:
(1)通过理论分析和大型物理模型试验,揭示了丘陵山区闭坑矿山地表移动变形的特点和力学机理;基于现行矿山开采沉陷与控制理论体系,提出了闭坑矿区地表移动变形参数预计和计算新方法,实现了采煤沉陷区治理设计方法与特殊地形开采沉陷与控制设计相衔接,各项取值有据可依,方便实用,为煤矸石回填采煤沉陷区用于建筑地基和工业厂房位置的选择提供了科学依据。
(2)应用大型有限元软件ANSYS分别对煤矸石和黏性土分层回填地基与黏性土回填地基在自重、均布荷载和集中荷载作用下进行数值分析,分析与比较两种地基在最大沉降值、最大水平位移值、内部最大垂直应力以及最大水平应力等方面的差异,结果表明:在抗沉降、抗水平变形、抗拉抗压等工程性能方面,煤矸石和黏性土分层回填地基均优于黏性土回填地基。
(3)根据理论分析、实验室实验和工程实践,对回填地基煤矸石材料的物理、化学性质以及力学性能进行了分析,研究并探讨了采煤沉陷区内煤矸石和黏性土分层回填地基的工程地质特性和回填施工工艺,揭示了煤矸石回填地基压实、渗透、水稳、承载、变形与强度特性,提出了煤矸石回填地基的质量控制标准、工艺流程、碾压方式、强夯加固参数,通过量纲分析推导出夯击能在回填地基中传播规律的经验公式,形成了一套具有鲜明特色的采煤沉陷区煤矸石回填地基加固处理技术与稳沉采煤沉陷区建设工业园区的方法,扩大了煤矸石的回收应用范围,提高了采煤沉陷区生态环境治理技术水平,实现了闭坑矿山可持续发展。
The damage of geological environment is serious from the coal mining, the major representations are subsidence of ground and fallow of farmland, deformation and crack of farmhouse, occupation and pollution of abandoned gangue, circulatory systems of groundwater suffering damage. Something more in recent years, large-scale construction lands are urgent need with the development of country’s economy, and the contradictions between man and land, man and environment are prominent seriously. So, the background of the dissertation is comprehensive governance engineering of geological environment of ending coal mine in GangKou, and the techniques and methods of constructing the large-scale industrial plants are explored on the stable gangue ground in the coal mining subsidence zones where have backfilled by gauge. The transitions are realized from abandoned lands to industrial construction land in subsidence area and from abandoned gangue to the comprehensive utilization of reclamation. As a result, the economic benefits, environmental benefits and social benefit are obtained obviously, and it possesses the important values of popularization and application.
The main topics of this thesis are as follows:
Firstly, the deformation characteristics and mechanical mechanisms of surface movements in ending coal mine are revealed by the theoretical analyses and large-scale physical model test. The prediction of deformation parameters of surface movement and a new approach of calculation are put forward in ending coal mines based on the theoretical system of the subsidence and control in mining at present. The joined methods are come true between the governing in coal mining subsidence zones and the subsidence controlling caused by coal mining in special landform. The values of all items have the evidence which can be investigated, and this provides the science foundations for selections of locations of groundwork’s backfilling with coal gauge and industrial plants.
Secondly, numerical analysis is carried out for the backfilled workground with layered coal guage and clay and backfilled workground with clay only under the effects of gravity, uniform load and point load by ANSYS software. The differences of numerical simulation about the maximum settlement, maximum horizontal displacement, interior maximum vertical stress and maximum horizontal stress in the two kinds ground are analyzed and compared. The results indicate that the backfilled workground with layered coal guage and clay is better than the backfilled workground with clay only for the engineering performance aspects of anti-settlement, anti-horizotal deformation, compressive strength and tensile strength.
Thirdly, based on the theoretical analyses,experiment in lab and engineering practice,the characteristics of physics, chemistry and mechanical capabilities of coal gangue.The engineering geological characteristics and constructing technics about the backfilled groundwork with layered coal gauge and clay are studied and discussed in the coal mining subsidence zones.The characteristics of compaction, permeability, water stability, capacity, deformation and intensity are revealed about the backfilled groundwork with coal gauge.The controlling standard of quality, process flow, roller way, the parameters of dynamic compaction of the backfilled groundwork with coal gauge are put forward. An empirical formulas about propagation law of compaction energy in the backfilled groundwork with coal gauge by dimensional analysis, and all of these become a set of technologies about reinforcement and disposition for the backfilled groundwork with coal gauge in the coal mining subsidence zones and methods about building the industrial plants on the stable coal mining subsidence zones. The extension of reclaim and application of coal guage is extended by the technologies and methods above,and the level of management techniques about ecological environment is improved in the coal mining subsidence zones,and achieved the sustainable development of the ending mining mines. .
主要研究内容如下:
(1)通过理论分析和大型物理模型试验,揭示了丘陵山区闭坑矿山地表移动变形的特点和力学机理;基于现行矿山开采沉陷与控制理论体系,提出了闭坑矿区地表移动变形参数预计和计算新方法,实现了采煤沉陷区治理设计方法与特殊地形开采沉陷与控制设计相衔接,各项取值有据可依,方便实用,为煤矸石回填采煤沉陷区用于建筑地基和工业厂房位置的选择提供了科学依据。
(2)应用大型有限元软件ANSYS分别对煤矸石和黏性土分层回填地基与黏性土回填地基在自重、均布荷载和集中荷载作用下进行数值分析,分析与比较两种地基在最大沉降值、最大水平位移值、内部最大垂直应力以及最大水平应力等方面的差异,结果表明:在抗沉降、抗水平变形、抗拉抗压等工程性能方面,煤矸石和黏性土分层回填地基均优于黏性土回填地基。
(3)根据理论分析、实验室实验和工程实践,对回填地基煤矸石材料的物理、化学性质以及力学性能进行了分析,研究并探讨了采煤沉陷区内煤矸石和黏性土分层回填地基的工程地质特性和回填施工工艺,揭示了煤矸石回填地基压实、渗透、水稳、承载、变形与强度特性,提出了煤矸石回填地基的质量控制标准、工艺流程、碾压方式、强夯加固参数,通过量纲分析推导出夯击能在回填地基中传播规律的经验公式,形成了一套具有鲜明特色的采煤沉陷区煤矸石回填地基加固处理技术与稳沉采煤沉陷区建设工业园区的方法,扩大了煤矸石的回收应用范围,提高了采煤沉陷区生态环境治理技术水平,实现了闭坑矿山可持续发展。
The damage of geological environment is serious from the coal mining, the major representations are subsidence of ground and fallow of farmland, deformation and crack of farmhouse, occupation and pollution of abandoned gangue, circulatory systems of groundwater suffering damage. Something more in recent years, large-scale construction lands are urgent need with the development of country’s economy, and the contradictions between man and land, man and environment are prominent seriously. So, the background of the dissertation is comprehensive governance engineering of geological environment of ending coal mine in GangKou, and the techniques and methods of constructing the large-scale industrial plants are explored on the stable gangue ground in the coal mining subsidence zones where have backfilled by gauge. The transitions are realized from abandoned lands to industrial construction land in subsidence area and from abandoned gangue to the comprehensive utilization of reclamation. As a result, the economic benefits, environmental benefits and social benefit are obtained obviously, and it possesses the important values of popularization and application.
The main topics of this thesis are as follows:
Firstly, the deformation characteristics and mechanical mechanisms of surface movements in ending coal mine are revealed by the theoretical analyses and large-scale physical model test. The prediction of deformation parameters of surface movement and a new approach of calculation are put forward in ending coal mines based on the theoretical system of the subsidence and control in mining at present. The joined methods are come true between the governing in coal mining subsidence zones and the subsidence controlling caused by coal mining in special landform. The values of all items have the evidence which can be investigated, and this provides the science foundations for selections of locations of groundwork’s backfilling with coal gauge and industrial plants.
Secondly, numerical analysis is carried out for the backfilled workground with layered coal guage and clay and backfilled workground with clay only under the effects of gravity, uniform load and point load by ANSYS software. The differences of numerical simulation about the maximum settlement, maximum horizontal displacement, interior maximum vertical stress and maximum horizontal stress in the two kinds ground are analyzed and compared. The results indicate that the backfilled workground with layered coal guage and clay is better than the backfilled workground with clay only for the engineering performance aspects of anti-settlement, anti-horizotal deformation, compressive strength and tensile strength.
Thirdly, based on the theoretical analyses,experiment in lab and engineering practice,the characteristics of physics, chemistry and mechanical capabilities of coal gangue.The engineering geological characteristics and constructing technics about the backfilled groundwork with layered coal gauge and clay are studied and discussed in the coal mining subsidence zones.The characteristics of compaction, permeability, water stability, capacity, deformation and intensity are revealed about the backfilled groundwork with coal gauge.The controlling standard of quality, process flow, roller way, the parameters of dynamic compaction of the backfilled groundwork with coal gauge are put forward. An empirical formulas about propagation law of compaction energy in the backfilled groundwork with coal gauge by dimensional analysis, and all of these become a set of technologies about reinforcement and disposition for the backfilled groundwork with coal gauge in the coal mining subsidence zones and methods about building the industrial plants on the stable coal mining subsidence zones. The extension of reclaim and application of coal guage is extended by the technologies and methods above,and the level of management techniques about ecological environment is improved in the coal mining subsidence zones,and achieved the sustainable development of the ending mining mines. .
引文
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[3]李琦,孙根年,韩亚芬等.我国煤矸石资源化再生利用途径的分析[J].煤炭转化,2007(1):78-82
[4]葛银堂.山西煤矸石中的微量元素及其对环境的影响[J].中国煤田地质,1996(4):58-62
[5]杨力辉,汪振双.再生资源煤矸石的研究与应用[J].中国资源综合利用,2007(3):15-16
[6]煤矸石在高速公路工程中的应用研究(室内试验研究报告)[R].江苏省高速公路建设指挥部、东南大学交通学院、徐州市高速公路建设指挥部,2000
[7]港口矿区矿山地质环境综合治理可行性研究[R].安徽建筑工业学院、宁国市国土资源局,2005
[8]港口矿区矿山地质环境综合治理方案设计[R].安徽建筑工业学院、宁国市国土资源局,2006
[9] Sleeman W.Environmental effeets of the utilization of coal mining wastes [A].Rainbow eds.Reclamation,treatment and utilization of coal mining waste [C]. Rotterdam:Balkema,1990,45-52
[10] MiehalskiP.Skaryznska K.M. Compaetability of coal mining wastes as a fill material[A].In:Treatment and utilization of coal mining wastes [C] .Symposium on theReclamation,Durham,England,1984,15-18
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[12] Mascaro L,Benvenuti B.,Corsini F.,etal.,Mine wastes at the polymetallic deposit of Fenice Capanne,56-60 (southern Tuscany,Italy).And environmental impact[J].Environmental Geology,2001
[13] Lin Z.Leachate chemistry and precipitates mineralogy of rudolfsgruvan mine waste dump in centralSweden[J].Water SciTech,1996,33-35
[14] V.M.Kirjavainen.Review and analysis of factors controlling the mechanical flotation of gangue minerals[J].Int.J.Miner.Process,1996,23-24
[15] E.C～ILEK and Y.UMUCU.A Statistical Model For Gangue Entrainment Into ForthsIn-flotation Of Sulphide Ores[J].Mineral Engineering,2001,45-49
[16] Swaine,D.J.and goodarzi,F.(eds).(1995):Environmental aspects of trace elements in coal[D]. Dordrecht,Kluwer Academic Publishers,1995,11-15
[17]狄升贯.高速公路煤矸石路基路用性能研究[D].长安大学硕士论文,2008:1-6
[18]程红光.煤矸石在公路工程中的应用研究[D].长安大学硕士论文,2009:69-95
[19]张益谦.煤矸石对环境的影响及再利用研究[D].长安大学,2005:1-7
[20]贾侃.填石路基施工工艺研究[D].西安:长安大学,2003:67-76
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