面向无线传感器网络数据传输与查询的节能算法与理论研究
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摘要
无线传感器网络综合了传感器技术、微电子技术和网络技术,是一种新兴的信息采集和处理技术。它主要使用无线电技术、声波技术等进行通信。由于无线传感器网络通常部署在人类无法接近的恶劣甚至危险的远程环境中,节点电池无法补充,因此设计有效的协议及算法以降低网络能耗成为无线传感器网络研究的核心问题之一。本文围绕水下传感器网络和水面受限浮动传感器网络中的能耗问题,主要针对这两种无线传感器网络中数据传输和查询相关的节能问题,从以下几个方面进行了研究:
为了降低数据传输过程中的能耗,本文基于信道状态变化,分别对水下传感器网络和水面受限浮动传感器网络中的数据传输控制算法进行了研究:
1)在水下传感器网络中,本文提出了一种基于最优报文长度的无线传感器网络节能算法。该算法可以在当前误码率下通过对据报长度的最优调整来最大程度的减少重传次数,降低能耗。
2)在水面受限浮动传感器网络中,本文提出了一种基于信道状态和拓扑结构的面向水面受限浮动传感器网络系统的自适应传输控制算法。该算法能够按需求调整水面受限浮动传感器网络系统传输间隔、降低能耗。为降低水面受限浮动传感器网络在数据查询过程中的能耗,本文根据水面受限浮动传感器网络实验系统中数据存储的特点提出了三种新的相似度方法以提高在数据多维分布式区域近似查询的效率:
3)对现有的基于距离的相似度方法进行了改进,给出了一种基于距离的广义的相似度方法。通过实例我们验证了在数据查询过程中,可以基于这种广义相似度方法构造出较经典相似度方法更为精确的相似度函数。
4)从数学上对距离的两类不同认识入手,根据弱距离来构造出一种新的广义相似度方法以对经典的Dengfeng-Chuntian方法进行改进。通过实例进一步验证了,由新广义相似度方法构造出来的改进的相似度函数可以提高原方法在数据查询中的精确性。
5)本文还给出了一种基于子集度来构造相似度函数的方法。该方法给出了构造相似度函数的一种新的思路,并对今后构造更精确的相似度函数起到一定的理论指导作用。
Wireless Sensor networks (WSNs), which are made by the convergence of microelectronic technique, sensor technology, and network technology, are novel technologies. Communications in WSNs are based on wireless radio, and acoustic signals. WSNs are deployed to acquire and process information of the physical word and to transfer the sampled information to the users. Sensor networks are usually utilized in harsh or dangerous environment, so it is impossible for the node to be recharged with energy. Therefore, minimizing energy consumption is one of the key research problems in the design of sensor network protocols and algorithms. This paper focuses on energy saving strategies for Restricted Floating Sensor Networks (RFSNs) and UnderWater Sensor Networks (UWSNs). The main contents of this paper are as following:
First, this paper focuses on data transmission technology for UWSNs and marine environment real-time monitoring systems to deal with the problem of energy saving:
1)According to the bit error rate of the wireless links, the algorithm to determine the optimization length of the packets is proposed under the guide of the bit error rate. This algorithm can adjust the packet length dynamically, to increase the efficiency of energy consumption on packets transmission.
2)This paper proposes an Adaptive Transmission Time Control (ATTC) strategy for RFSNs. This mechanism can adjust transmission interval dynamically according to the change of the network topology and the conditions of the wireless channels. Second, this paper focuses on constructing new similarity measures as the theoretical principle to prolong the lifetime of the UWSN, which includes:
3)This paper improves the practical similarity measure based on distance by constructing a new similarity measure. Examples are demonstrated to show the merit of this new similarity measure on its precision.
4)Based on two different definitions of distance, this paper constructs a general similarity measure oriented to distance, which improves the traditional distance measure of Dengfeng-Chuntian. The better precision of this new distance measure is shown through discussions of a lot of examples.
5)Another similarity measure are proposed based on subsethood. This measure gives the novel idea for constructing similarity measures oriented to query processing.
为了降低数据传输过程中的能耗,本文基于信道状态变化,分别对水下传感器网络和水面受限浮动传感器网络中的数据传输控制算法进行了研究:
1)在水下传感器网络中,本文提出了一种基于最优报文长度的无线传感器网络节能算法。该算法可以在当前误码率下通过对据报长度的最优调整来最大程度的减少重传次数,降低能耗。
2)在水面受限浮动传感器网络中,本文提出了一种基于信道状态和拓扑结构的面向水面受限浮动传感器网络系统的自适应传输控制算法。该算法能够按需求调整水面受限浮动传感器网络系统传输间隔、降低能耗。为降低水面受限浮动传感器网络在数据查询过程中的能耗,本文根据水面受限浮动传感器网络实验系统中数据存储的特点提出了三种新的相似度方法以提高在数据多维分布式区域近似查询的效率:
3)对现有的基于距离的相似度方法进行了改进,给出了一种基于距离的广义的相似度方法。通过实例我们验证了在数据查询过程中,可以基于这种广义相似度方法构造出较经典相似度方法更为精确的相似度函数。
4)从数学上对距离的两类不同认识入手,根据弱距离来构造出一种新的广义相似度方法以对经典的Dengfeng-Chuntian方法进行改进。通过实例进一步验证了,由新广义相似度方法构造出来的改进的相似度函数可以提高原方法在数据查询中的精确性。
5)本文还给出了一种基于子集度来构造相似度函数的方法。该方法给出了构造相似度函数的一种新的思路,并对今后构造更精确的相似度函数起到一定的理论指导作用。
Wireless Sensor networks (WSNs), which are made by the convergence of microelectronic technique, sensor technology, and network technology, are novel technologies. Communications in WSNs are based on wireless radio, and acoustic signals. WSNs are deployed to acquire and process information of the physical word and to transfer the sampled information to the users. Sensor networks are usually utilized in harsh or dangerous environment, so it is impossible for the node to be recharged with energy. Therefore, minimizing energy consumption is one of the key research problems in the design of sensor network protocols and algorithms. This paper focuses on energy saving strategies for Restricted Floating Sensor Networks (RFSNs) and UnderWater Sensor Networks (UWSNs). The main contents of this paper are as following:
First, this paper focuses on data transmission technology for UWSNs and marine environment real-time monitoring systems to deal with the problem of energy saving:
1)According to the bit error rate of the wireless links, the algorithm to determine the optimization length of the packets is proposed under the guide of the bit error rate. This algorithm can adjust the packet length dynamically, to increase the efficiency of energy consumption on packets transmission.
2)This paper proposes an Adaptive Transmission Time Control (ATTC) strategy for RFSNs. This mechanism can adjust transmission interval dynamically according to the change of the network topology and the conditions of the wireless channels. Second, this paper focuses on constructing new similarity measures as the theoretical principle to prolong the lifetime of the UWSN, which includes:
3)This paper improves the practical similarity measure based on distance by constructing a new similarity measure. Examples are demonstrated to show the merit of this new similarity measure on its precision.
4)Based on two different definitions of distance, this paper constructs a general similarity measure oriented to distance, which improves the traditional distance measure of Dengfeng-Chuntian. The better precision of this new distance measure is shown through discussions of a lot of examples.
5)Another similarity measure are proposed based on subsethood. This measure gives the novel idea for constructing similarity measures oriented to query processing.
引文
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[2] Moussaoui O, Na?mi M. A Distributed Energy Aware Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks. PE-WASUN'05 - Proceedings of the Second ACM International Workshop on Performance Evaluation of Wireless Ad Hoc, Sensor, and Ubiquitous Networks, 2005, 34~40.
[3]王殊,阎毓杰,胡福平,屈晓旭.无线传感器网络的理论及应用.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2007.
[4]孙利民,李建中.无线传感器网络.北京:清华大学出版社,2005.
[5]任丰原,黄海宁,林闯.无线传感器网络.软件学报, 2003, 14(7):1282~1291.
[6]李建中.无线传感器网络专刊前沿.软件学报,2007, 18(5):1077~1079.
[7] Akkaya K, Younis M. A Survey on Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks. Ad Hoc Networks, 2005, 3(3): 325~349.
[8]李建中.无线传感器网络研究进展.中国计算机科学技术发展报告. 2006,203~230.
[9]窦金凤.无线传感器网络生命周期延长算法研究. [博士学位论文].青岛:中国海洋大学,2008.
[10] Holger Karl,Andreas Willig. Protocols and Architectures for Wireless Sensor Networks. Wiley, 2005.
[11] TPS70158 voltage regulator, Texas Instruments, http://www.ti.com
[12] LymberoPoulos D, Savvides A. XYZ: A Motion-Enabled, Power Aware Sensor Node Platform for Distributed Sensor Network Applications. IPSN2005, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA, April, 2005, 449~454.
[13] Johnson P et al. Remote continuous Physiological monitoring in the home. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, 1996, 2(2):107~113.
[14] Pottie G, Kaiser W. Wireless integrated network sensors. Communication of the ACM, 2000, 43(5):51~58.
[15] Shih E, Cho S, Ickes N, et al.. Physical Layer Driven Protocol and Algorithm Design forEnergy-Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks. Proc. ACM MobiCom’01, Rome, Italy, July, 2001, 272~286.
[16] Estrin D, Sayeed A, and Srivastava M. Mobicom’02Tutorial, Wireless Sensor Networks. http: // nesl.ee.ucla.edu/tutorials/mobicom02/.
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