双向地震作用立式储罐基础隔震研究
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摘要
随着我国经济的快速发展,对能源的依赖度日益增高,对石油和天然气尤其是石油的需求逐渐加大。为了建立油田储备和产能储备制度,实现我国战略石油储备的远期目标,建造大型储液设施成为必然的发展趋势。立式储罐是石油、石化及相关企业应用较多的储液设施,其内部多容纳易燃易爆液体,一旦在地震中产生破坏,其灾害后果十分严重,同时容易产生火灾和环境污染等严重的次生灾害,对生态环境造成严重的影响。
本文引入基础隔震思想,推导了立式储罐基础隔震基本理论,研究了双向地震作用下基础隔震立式储罐地震响应,并进行了基础隔震体系的参数影响分析。主要研究内容如下：
1.概述了传统抗震思想的演变过程及其不足,介绍了结构振动控制的主要方法及研究进展。介绍了隔震的基本发展历程,描述了基础隔震的分类、特点及国内外研究情况。重点阐述了储罐抗震及隔震的国内外研究进展。
2.从流体动力学和结构动力学相关理论出发,将罐内液体运动分成晃动、液固耦联运动、刚性运动三个分量,考虑液固耦联振动对晃动分量的影响,推导储罐基础隔震基本运动方程,并验证了理论的正确性。
3.考虑在双向地震作用下橡胶支座非线性恢复力的耦合作用,建立运动方程并计算立式储罐的地震动响应,与未考虑耦合情况下的地震响应进行对比,表明耦合作用下的地震响应较非耦合情况下的地震响应有一定减小。
4.建立了双向地震作用及单向地震作用下的基础滑移隔震储罐运动方程,并进行了三种典型高径比储罐的地震响应分析,表明双向地震作用下的地震响应略小于单向地震作用的地震响应。
5.研究了铅芯叠层橡胶支座基础隔震储罐在地震烈度、场地条件、隔震周期、隔震层阻尼比、高径比等因素影响下的地震动响应特性,研究了基础滑移隔震储罐在地震加速度峰值、摩擦系数、场地类别等因素的影响下的地震动响应特性。通过对两种基础隔震体系的研究,给出了基底剪力、倾覆弯矩、晃动波高的变化规律,为立式钢制储罐基础隔震设计提供参考。
最后,对本文研究内容的总结,得出了本论文的研究成果,提出了尚需进一步研究的工作。
With the rapid development of economy in China and increasing dependence on energy, there are more and more needs of oil and natural gas gradually, especially oil. In order to build the system of oil and production capacity reserve to achieve long term goals of our strategic petroleum reserve, it is an inevitable trend to build a large storage facility. Vertical storage tanks are storage facilities which are widely used in petroleum industry, petrochemical and related enterprise. Because of the flammability and explosive, once is the storage tanks damaged in the earthquake, the effect of disasters is critical, and at the same time it is prone to serious secondary disaster such as fire and environmental pollution etc., which may cause serious effects to ecological environment.
The theory of base isolation is introduced in this thesis and the base isolation basic theory of vertical storage tanks is deduced, seismic response of base isolation vertical storage tanks under the bi-directional is studied and parameter effect of base isolation is analyzed. Main research content is as follows:
1. The evolution of conventional seismic and insufficient is summarized and the primary method and research progress of vibration control of structure are introduced. The basic development history of isolation is introduced and the classification is introduced, characteristics of base isolation and research are summarized. It focuses on the research progress of tanks seismic and isolation at home and abroad.
2. Base on the theory of fluid dynamics and structural dynamics, tanks liquid motion is divided into sloshing, fluid-solid coupled motion and rigid motion. Taking into account of the fluid-solid coupled vibration effect to sloshing component, the basic motion equation of tanks base isolation is deduced and the validity of the theory is verified.
3. Considering the coupled action of non-linear restoring force of lead rubber bearing under bi-directional earthquake, the motion equation is established and the seismic response of the vertical storage tanks is computed. Comparing with non-coupled conditions, it is concluded that the effect of seismic response of coupled action is slightly smaller.
4. Motion equation of base sliding isolation tanks is established under single and bi-directional earthquake action. Seismic response of three typical height to diameter tanks is analyzed, it is concluded that the effect of seismic response of bi-directional earthquake action is slightly smaller.
5. The seismic response property of lead rubber bearing base isolation tanks is researched under the influence of seismic intensity scale, site conditions, isolation period, damping ratio, height to diameter and other factors. It is also researched the seismic response property of base sliding isolation tanks under the influence of peak acceleration, friction coefficient, site categories and other factors. Through the study of two kinds of base isolation, variation rule of base shear, overturning moment and sloshing wave is given, which provides reference to base isolation design of vertical steel storage tanks.
The results of research in this paper are summarized and the further research in depth content closely related to the work of this paper is proposed.
本文引入基础隔震思想,推导了立式储罐基础隔震基本理论,研究了双向地震作用下基础隔震立式储罐地震响应,并进行了基础隔震体系的参数影响分析。主要研究内容如下：
1.概述了传统抗震思想的演变过程及其不足,介绍了结构振动控制的主要方法及研究进展。介绍了隔震的基本发展历程,描述了基础隔震的分类、特点及国内外研究情况。重点阐述了储罐抗震及隔震的国内外研究进展。
2.从流体动力学和结构动力学相关理论出发,将罐内液体运动分成晃动、液固耦联运动、刚性运动三个分量,考虑液固耦联振动对晃动分量的影响,推导储罐基础隔震基本运动方程,并验证了理论的正确性。
3.考虑在双向地震作用下橡胶支座非线性恢复力的耦合作用,建立运动方程并计算立式储罐的地震动响应,与未考虑耦合情况下的地震响应进行对比,表明耦合作用下的地震响应较非耦合情况下的地震响应有一定减小。
4.建立了双向地震作用及单向地震作用下的基础滑移隔震储罐运动方程,并进行了三种典型高径比储罐的地震响应分析,表明双向地震作用下的地震响应略小于单向地震作用的地震响应。
5.研究了铅芯叠层橡胶支座基础隔震储罐在地震烈度、场地条件、隔震周期、隔震层阻尼比、高径比等因素影响下的地震动响应特性,研究了基础滑移隔震储罐在地震加速度峰值、摩擦系数、场地类别等因素的影响下的地震动响应特性。通过对两种基础隔震体系的研究,给出了基底剪力、倾覆弯矩、晃动波高的变化规律,为立式钢制储罐基础隔震设计提供参考。
最后,对本文研究内容的总结,得出了本论文的研究成果,提出了尚需进一步研究的工作。
With the rapid development of economy in China and increasing dependence on energy, there are more and more needs of oil and natural gas gradually, especially oil. In order to build the system of oil and production capacity reserve to achieve long term goals of our strategic petroleum reserve, it is an inevitable trend to build a large storage facility. Vertical storage tanks are storage facilities which are widely used in petroleum industry, petrochemical and related enterprise. Because of the flammability and explosive, once is the storage tanks damaged in the earthquake, the effect of disasters is critical, and at the same time it is prone to serious secondary disaster such as fire and environmental pollution etc., which may cause serious effects to ecological environment.
The theory of base isolation is introduced in this thesis and the base isolation basic theory of vertical storage tanks is deduced, seismic response of base isolation vertical storage tanks under the bi-directional is studied and parameter effect of base isolation is analyzed. Main research content is as follows:
1. The evolution of conventional seismic and insufficient is summarized and the primary method and research progress of vibration control of structure are introduced. The basic development history of isolation is introduced and the classification is introduced, characteristics of base isolation and research are summarized. It focuses on the research progress of tanks seismic and isolation at home and abroad.
2. Base on the theory of fluid dynamics and structural dynamics, tanks liquid motion is divided into sloshing, fluid-solid coupled motion and rigid motion. Taking into account of the fluid-solid coupled vibration effect to sloshing component, the basic motion equation of tanks base isolation is deduced and the validity of the theory is verified.
3. Considering the coupled action of non-linear restoring force of lead rubber bearing under bi-directional earthquake, the motion equation is established and the seismic response of the vertical storage tanks is computed. Comparing with non-coupled conditions, it is concluded that the effect of seismic response of coupled action is slightly smaller.
4. Motion equation of base sliding isolation tanks is established under single and bi-directional earthquake action. Seismic response of three typical height to diameter tanks is analyzed, it is concluded that the effect of seismic response of bi-directional earthquake action is slightly smaller.
5. The seismic response property of lead rubber bearing base isolation tanks is researched under the influence of seismic intensity scale, site conditions, isolation period, damping ratio, height to diameter and other factors. It is also researched the seismic response property of base sliding isolation tanks under the influence of peak acceleration, friction coefficient, site categories and other factors. Through the study of two kinds of base isolation, variation rule of base shear, overturning moment and sloshing wave is given, which provides reference to base isolation design of vertical steel storage tanks.
The results of research in this paper are summarized and the further research in depth content closely related to the work of this paper is proposed.
引文
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