公路枢纽客运站的布局研究
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摘要
为了适应我国公路运输发展的需要，公路运输站场系统建设的主要趋势是大力建设公用型的客、货运站场系统，即公路主枢纽系统。交通部提出了“三主一支持”的交通建设长远规划，并进行了全国国道主干线系统和公路主枢纽系统的布局规划。目前，各省交通厅在国家级公路主枢纽系统的总体框架下，分别进行了各省的二级公路枢纽系统的规划。由于目前许多城市对公路枢纽的布局规划仍在进行，同时布局方案的滚动修改也会不断进行下去，因此对公路枢纽客运站总体布局规划方法和应用的研究，有利于推动目前公路枢纽布局规划工作的程序化、规范化和科学化。为客运站布局提供科学依据，使布局更加科学合理，有效发挥公路枢纽的各项功能，与其他运输方式有机协调，形成综合运输网络，促进城市和地区经济的发展。该课题的研究对于促进和提高我国公路运输基础设施的规划水平，推进交通规划工作的现代化具有重要的理论意义及实用价值。
本文论述了公路枢纽客运站布局规划的原则、方法和步骤，对站场位置和规模的确定进行了分析，并对布局方案评价方法进行了较深入的分析和研究。在对评价指标进行定量化描述的基础上，应用多级模糊综合评判结合层次分析法对各种布局方案进行评价和选优，给出了应用实例。并进一步提出了对方案的评价还应考虑由于客运站设置地点的不同对城市交通网络交通流影响的不同，提出应进行道路网平均延时的总体评价，以对布局方案进行更进一步的优劣比较。同时，分析了如何通过运营模拟，对布局方案的合理性进行比较用以指导规划，并给出了模拟流程图。最后，指出公路枢纽客运站布局规划决策工作必须实现思想、组织、管理和手段的现代化，应与现代化的工具——地理信息系统相结合对公路枢纽客运站布局进行辅助决策，提高规划的效率和质量。
In order to adapt to the development of highway transportation in our country, the main tendency of constructing stations yard system of highway transportation is to build public passenger and freight stations yard system energetically, which is highway main hub system. The Ministry of Communications has been proposed a "three main and one support"(the main framework of highway, the main channel of water transport, the main hub of harbor station, and the supporting system of modern traffic) long-term plan of construction of communications, then carrying out nationwide distribution plan of national arterial highway system and highway main hub system. Up till now, most of the departments of transportation at the provincial level have been planning the second level highway hub system under the general frame of highway hub system at the national level. Owing to the highway hub layout planning are being carried on in many cities at present, and the rolling revise of the layout plan is a continual process, the study on methods and applications of general layout planning of passenger stations of highway hub helps promote the work of layout planning programmed, standard and more scientific. It will provide scientific basis for passenger stations planning, make layout more scientific and rational and make the most of the highway hub. The study will help coordinate the hub and other transportation way to form comprehensive networks and promote the economic development of cities and regions. The research has important theoretical significance and practical value for improving the planning level of highway transportation basic facilities and advancing communications planning work modernize.
In this thesis, the principle, method and steps of highway hub passenger stations layout planning are discussed. The decision of locations and capacities of the stations is analyzed. And the thesis makes a thorough analysis and study on approach of evaluation of layout plan. On the basis of describing the evaluation index with quantitative determination, the method of combining fuzzy comprehensive assessment with analytic hierarchy process to evaluate the layout plan and choose the most satisfying plan is applied. And a practical example is given. Furthermore, the thesis puts foreword that the influence on the traffic flow
in the urban roadway network because of the different locating of the stations should be considered. And the evaluation of the average delay time of the roadway traffic network is proposed to help further compare the layout plan scheme. Meanwhile, how to compare the rationality of plans through operation simulation to guide planning is analyzed, and the simulation flow charts are given. In the end, this thesis points out that the decision work of layout planning of passenger stations of highway hub should accomplish the modernization of idea, organization, management and means. It is suggested that the modernized tool, GIS, can be applied to assist decision for the sake of improving the efficiency and quality of the planning.
本文论述了公路枢纽客运站布局规划的原则、方法和步骤，对站场位置和规模的确定进行了分析，并对布局方案评价方法进行了较深入的分析和研究。在对评价指标进行定量化描述的基础上，应用多级模糊综合评判结合层次分析法对各种布局方案进行评价和选优，给出了应用实例。并进一步提出了对方案的评价还应考虑由于客运站设置地点的不同对城市交通网络交通流影响的不同，提出应进行道路网平均延时的总体评价，以对布局方案进行更进一步的优劣比较。同时，分析了如何通过运营模拟，对布局方案的合理性进行比较用以指导规划，并给出了模拟流程图。最后，指出公路枢纽客运站布局规划决策工作必须实现思想、组织、管理和手段的现代化，应与现代化的工具——地理信息系统相结合对公路枢纽客运站布局进行辅助决策，提高规划的效率和质量。
In order to adapt to the development of highway transportation in our country, the main tendency of constructing stations yard system of highway transportation is to build public passenger and freight stations yard system energetically, which is highway main hub system. The Ministry of Communications has been proposed a "three main and one support"(the main framework of highway, the main channel of water transport, the main hub of harbor station, and the supporting system of modern traffic) long-term plan of construction of communications, then carrying out nationwide distribution plan of national arterial highway system and highway main hub system. Up till now, most of the departments of transportation at the provincial level have been planning the second level highway hub system under the general frame of highway hub system at the national level. Owing to the highway hub layout planning are being carried on in many cities at present, and the rolling revise of the layout plan is a continual process, the study on methods and applications of general layout planning of passenger stations of highway hub helps promote the work of layout planning programmed, standard and more scientific. It will provide scientific basis for passenger stations planning, make layout more scientific and rational and make the most of the highway hub. The study will help coordinate the hub and other transportation way to form comprehensive networks and promote the economic development of cities and regions. The research has important theoretical significance and practical value for improving the planning level of highway transportation basic facilities and advancing communications planning work modernize.
In this thesis, the principle, method and steps of highway hub passenger stations layout planning are discussed. The decision of locations and capacities of the stations is analyzed. And the thesis makes a thorough analysis and study on approach of evaluation of layout plan. On the basis of describing the evaluation index with quantitative determination, the method of combining fuzzy comprehensive assessment with analytic hierarchy process to evaluate the layout plan and choose the most satisfying plan is applied. And a practical example is given. Furthermore, the thesis puts foreword that the influence on the traffic flow
in the urban roadway network because of the different locating of the stations should be considered. And the evaluation of the average delay time of the roadway traffic network is proposed to help further compare the layout plan scheme. Meanwhile, how to compare the rationality of plans through operation simulation to guide planning is analyzed, and the simulation flow charts are given. In the end, this thesis points out that the decision work of layout planning of passenger stations of highway hub should accomplish the modernization of idea, organization, management and means. It is suggested that the modernized tool, GIS, can be applied to assist decision for the sake of improving the efficiency and quality of the planning.
引文
1 李维斌．公路运输组织学．北京：人民交通出版社，1998：45～53．
2 Rallis T.Intercity transportation.London:The Macmillan Press Ltd,1977.
3 中国公路学会．交通工程手册．北京：人民交通出版社，1998．
4 交通部．公路主枢纽总体布局规划编制办法，1996．
5 陈唐民．汽车运输学．北京：人民交通出版社，1998．
6 肖秋生．城市总体规划原理．北京：人民交通出版社，1997：39，43～46．
7 李业．预测学．第2版．广州：华南工学院出版社，1988：57～163．
8 李学伟，关忠良，陈景艳．经济数据分析预测学．北京：中国铁道出版社，1998：64～130，200～216．
9 虞明远．公路主枢纽运输量预测及适站量确定．公路交通科技，1992；9(3)：51～56．
10 郑祖武，李康，徐吉谦等．现代城市交通．北京：人民交通出版社，1998：216～226．
11 Meyer M D,Miller E J.Urban transportation planning:a decision-oriented approach.New York:McGraw-Hill Book Company,1984．
12 袁虹，陆化普．综合交通枢纽布局规划模型与方法研究．公路交通科技，2001；18(3)：101～105．
13 晏启鹏，杨光留．公路枢纽站场总体布局新方法．西南交通大学学报，1995；30(5)：491～495．
14 陈焕江．公路客运站布局和选址方法的研究．公路交通科技，2001 18(3)：109～112．
15 Florian M.Transportation planning models.Amsterdam:North-Hofiand,1984．
16 许树柏．实用决策方法——层次分析法原理．天津：天津大学出版社，1988：1～13．
17 Buckey J.Fuzzy hierarchy analysis.Fuzzy and systems,1985;17:223～247．
18 邹开其，徐扬．模糊系统与专家系统．成都：西南交通大学出版社，1991：90～96．
19 王光远．论综合评判几种数学模型的实质及应用．模糊数学，1984；(4)：81～88．
20 镇常清．多目标决策中的权重调查确定方法．系统工程理论与实践，1987；(2)：16～24．
21 董千里．站场规划方案综合评价的AHP-F隶属度合成法．西安公路交通大学学报，1995；15(4)：84～89．
22 晏启鹏，王忠强．AHP在公路主枢纽站场总体布局规划中的应用．西南交通大学学报，1999；34(2)：223～227．
23 晏启鹏．公路主枢纽站场总体布局方案优选模型及算法．重庆交通学院学报，2000；19(1)：38～42．
24 黄海军．城市交通网络平衡分析理论与实践．北京：人民交通出版社，1994：7,255～262．
25 戴冀峰，傅裕寿，任福田，肖秋生．城市道路网综合评价．北京建筑工程学院学报，1997；13(4)～24．
26 朱顺应，王红，王毅．市区路网服务水平评价．重庆交通学院学报，1998；17(4)：77～80．
27 Gelenbe E,Pujolle G.Introduction to queueing networks.Chichester:John Wiley & Sons Ltd,1987:45～73．
28 周晶，陈森发，徐南荣．一种获得交叉口分流系数的新方法——极大熵估计法．信息与控制，1990；(6)：9～14．
29 徐吉万，徐冬玲．城市交通的计算机控制和管理．北京：测绘出版社，1988：39～43．
30 Leutzbach W.Introduction to the theory of traffic flow.Berlin:Springer-Verlag,1988．
31 郭冠英．交通工程．上海：同济大学出版社，1994：152～156．
32 盛友招．排队论在计算机通信中的应用．北京：北京邮电大学出版社，1998：229～235．
33 Stover V G,Koepke F J.Transportation and land development.Englewood Cliffs:Prentice Hall,1988.
34 陆化普．交通规划理论与方法．北京：清华大学出版社，1998．
35 杨兆升．交通运输系统规划——有关理论与方法．北京：人民交通出版社，1998：150～165．
36 靳文舟，张杰．公路客运站运力配置方案优化研究．华南理工大学学报，2000；28(6)：123～128．
37 侯炳辉，张金水．离散事件系统模拟．北京：清华大学出版社，1988．
38 晏启鹏，高世廉．公路客运枢纽系统运营模拟．西南交通大学学报，2000；35(1)：41～43．
39 叶怀珍，晏启鹏．公路货运枢纽系统运营模拟．重庆交通学院学报，1998；17(2)：6～10．
40 汤国安，赵牡丹．地理信息系统．北京：科学出版社，2000：2～3．
41 Star J,Estes J.Geographical information systems:an introduction.Englewood Cliffs:Prentice Hall,1990.
42 陈述彭．城市化与城市地理信息系统．北京：科学出版社，1999：144～147．
43 蓝运超，黄正东，谢榕．城市信息系统．武汉：武汉测绘科技大学出版社，1999．
44 宋小东，叶嘉安．地理信息系统及其在城市规划与管理中的应用．北京：科学出版社，1995．
45 李扬．前景广阔的地理信息系统．交通与计算机，1999：17(4)：13～16．
46 罗德安．GIS在交通领域中的应用初探．四川测绘，2000：23(2)：55～57．
47 Dueker K J.Geographic information systems and computer-aided mapping.Journal of the American Planning Association,1987;53:383～390.
48 Foresman T W.The history of geographic information systems:perspectives from the pioneers.NJ:Prentice-Hall,1998.
49 Handson S,editor.The geography of urban transportation.New York:The Guilford Press,1986.
50 Goodchild M F Spatial analysis with GIS:problems and prospects.Proceedings of GIS/LIS, 40～48.
51 Yeh A G-O.The development and applications of geographic information systems for urban and regional planning in the developing country.International Journal of Geographic Information Systems,1991;5(1):5～27.
52 O'Sullivan D,Morrison A,Shearer J.Using desktop GIS for investigation of accessibility by public transport:an isochrone approach.International Journal of Geographical Information Science,2000;14(1):85～104.
53 Miller H J.Modelling accessibility using space-time prism concepts within geographical information systems.International Journal of Geographical Information Systems,1991;(5):287～301.
54 Thill J-C.Geographic information systems for transportation in perspective.Transportation Research,2000;8C(1-6):3～12.
55 McCormack E,Nyerges T.What transportation modeling needs from a GIS:a conceptual framework.Transportation Planning and Technology,1997;(21)5～23.
56 Dueker K J,Butler J A.A geographic information system framework for transportation data sharing.Transportation Research,2000;8C(1-6):13～36.
57 Claramunt C,Jiang B,Bargiela A.A new framework for the integration,analysis and visualization of urban traffic data within geographic information systems.Transportation Research,2000;8C(1-6):167～184.
58 Ziliaskopoulos A K,Waller S T.An Internet-based geographic information system that integrates data,models and users for transportation applications.Transportation Research,2000;8C(1-6):427～444.
59 三味工作室．MapInfo 6.0应用开发指南．北京：人民邮电出版社，2001．
60 王晓武，陈宗敏，杜兴国．MapBasic程序设计．北京：电子工业出版社，2000．
2 Rallis T.Intercity transportation.London:The Macmillan Press Ltd,1977.
3 中国公路学会．交通工程手册．北京：人民交通出版社，1998．
4 交通部．公路主枢纽总体布局规划编制办法，1996．
5 陈唐民．汽车运输学．北京：人民交通出版社，1998．
6 肖秋生．城市总体规划原理．北京：人民交通出版社，1997：39，43～46．
7 李业．预测学．第2版．广州：华南工学院出版社，1988：57～163．
8 李学伟，关忠良，陈景艳．经济数据分析预测学．北京：中国铁道出版社，1998：64～130，200～216．
9 虞明远．公路主枢纽运输量预测及适站量确定．公路交通科技，1992；9(3)：51～56．
10 郑祖武，李康，徐吉谦等．现代城市交通．北京：人民交通出版社，1998：216～226．
11 Meyer M D,Miller E J.Urban transportation planning:a decision-oriented approach.New York:McGraw-Hill Book Company,1984．
12 袁虹，陆化普．综合交通枢纽布局规划模型与方法研究．公路交通科技，2001；18(3)：101～105．
13 晏启鹏，杨光留．公路枢纽站场总体布局新方法．西南交通大学学报，1995；30(5)：491～495．
14 陈焕江．公路客运站布局和选址方法的研究．公路交通科技，2001 18(3)：109～112．
15 Florian M.Transportation planning models.Amsterdam:North-Hofiand,1984．
16 许树柏．实用决策方法——层次分析法原理．天津：天津大学出版社，1988：1～13．
17 Buckey J.Fuzzy hierarchy analysis.Fuzzy and systems,1985;17:223～247．
18 邹开其，徐扬．模糊系统与专家系统．成都：西南交通大学出版社，1991：90～96．
19 王光远．论综合评判几种数学模型的实质及应用．模糊数学，1984；(4)：81～88．
20 镇常清．多目标决策中的权重调查确定方法．系统工程理论与实践，1987；(2)：16～24．
21 董千里．站场规划方案综合评价的AHP-F隶属度合成法．西安公路交通大学学报，1995；15(4)：84～89．
22 晏启鹏，王忠强．AHP在公路主枢纽站场总体布局规划中的应用．西南交通大学学报，1999；34(2)：223～227．
23 晏启鹏．公路主枢纽站场总体布局方案优选模型及算法．重庆交通学院学报，2000；19(1)：38～42．
24 黄海军．城市交通网络平衡分析理论与实践．北京：人民交通出版社，1994：7,255～262．
25 戴冀峰，傅裕寿，任福田，肖秋生．城市道路网综合评价．北京建筑工程学院学报，1997；13(4)～24．
26 朱顺应，王红，王毅．市区路网服务水平评价．重庆交通学院学报，1998；17(4)：77～80．
27 Gelenbe E,Pujolle G.Introduction to queueing networks.Chichester:John Wiley & Sons Ltd,1987:45～73．
28 周晶，陈森发，徐南荣．一种获得交叉口分流系数的新方法——极大熵估计法．信息与控制，1990；(6)：9～14．
29 徐吉万，徐冬玲．城市交通的计算机控制和管理．北京：测绘出版社，1988：39～43．
30 Leutzbach W.Introduction to the theory of traffic flow.Berlin:Springer-Verlag,1988．
31 郭冠英．交通工程．上海：同济大学出版社，1994：152～156．
32 盛友招．排队论在计算机通信中的应用．北京：北京邮电大学出版社，1998：229～235．
33 Stover V G,Koepke F J.Transportation and land development.Englewood Cliffs:Prentice Hall,1988.
34 陆化普．交通规划理论与方法．北京：清华大学出版社，1998．
35 杨兆升．交通运输系统规划——有关理论与方法．北京：人民交通出版社，1998：150～165．
36 靳文舟，张杰．公路客运站运力配置方案优化研究．华南理工大学学报，2000；28(6)：123～128．
37 侯炳辉，张金水．离散事件系统模拟．北京：清华大学出版社，1988．
38 晏启鹏，高世廉．公路客运枢纽系统运营模拟．西南交通大学学报，2000；35(1)：41～43．
39 叶怀珍，晏启鹏．公路货运枢纽系统运营模拟．重庆交通学院学报，1998；17(2)：6～10．
40 汤国安，赵牡丹．地理信息系统．北京：科学出版社，2000：2～3．
41 Star J,Estes J.Geographical information systems:an introduction.Englewood Cliffs:Prentice Hall,1990.
42 陈述彭．城市化与城市地理信息系统．北京：科学出版社，1999：144～147．
43 蓝运超，黄正东，谢榕．城市信息系统．武汉：武汉测绘科技大学出版社，1999．
44 宋小东，叶嘉安．地理信息系统及其在城市规划与管理中的应用．北京：科学出版社，1995．
45 李扬．前景广阔的地理信息系统．交通与计算机，1999：17(4)：13～16．
46 罗德安．GIS在交通领域中的应用初探．四川测绘，2000：23(2)：55～57．
47 Dueker K J.Geographic information systems and computer-aided mapping.Journal of the American Planning Association,1987;53:383～390.
48 Foresman T W.The history of geographic information systems:perspectives from the pioneers.NJ:Prentice-Hall,1998.
49 Handson S,editor.The geography of urban transportation.New York:The Guilford Press,1986.
50 Goodchild M F Spatial analysis with GIS:problems and prospects.Proceedings of GIS/LIS, 40～48.
51 Yeh A G-O.The development and applications of geographic information systems for urban and regional planning in the developing country.International Journal of Geographic Information Systems,1991;5(1):5～27.
52 O'Sullivan D,Morrison A,Shearer J.Using desktop GIS for investigation of accessibility by public transport:an isochrone approach.International Journal of Geographical Information Science,2000;14(1):85～104.
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