区域零售业竞争力评价研究
|
摘要
在以对资本性资源的争夺为主要表现的全球化竞争背景下,流通产业作为控制和调配资源的主导性产业,其竞争力水平已成为决定一个国家或地区经济在全球的控制力和竞争力的重要因素。批发零售业是流通产业的重要组成部分,然随着商品流通渠道的缩短,批发越来越被弱化,因此对零售业及其竞争力进行研究有着重要意义。一是对相关产业竞争力理论的补充,二是通过本研究所构建的竞争力评价体系可以对各地区的零售业竞争力水平进行综合测评,对其影响因素进行分析,为区域零售业的发展提供有效参考。浙江省经济发展水平位于全国前列,是沿海发达省份,却是个“资源小省”,其处于亟待转型和调整产业结构的阶段,作为流通产业的重要组成部分的零售业无疑将受到很大重视。以浙江省为研究对象,是本文的创新之一,此前没有人对浙江省的零售业竞争力进行研究,弥补空白。而本文也旨在通过对浙江省零售业竞争力的分析比较,提出相应的对策建议。
文章有五个部分。第一部分是选题背景和国内外产业竞争力研究现状的阐述以及文章的框架。第二部分是零售业和竞争力内涵的界定以及对宏观经济发展水平、劳动力状况、产业发展环境和体制政策四个零售业竞争力影响因素的分析。文章的核心则是第三部分,构建了新的区域零售业竞争力综合评价体系,包括行业规模、行业结构、行业绩效、行业市场潜力、行业增长力和基础设施水平六个一级指标及24个二级指标。介绍了本文采用的竞争力综合评价的主要方法—主成分分析法。文章的主体是第四部分的实证分析,首先对浙江省2000-2007年的社会消费品零售总额、零售业产业增加值、零售业流动资产周转速度和零售业固定资产投资额等进行纵向比较,发现这几个方面的发展势头很好,都在不断提升或增长。并呈现出三个特点：零售业态多样化、连锁经营的稳步发展和物流与信息技术的引进；其次采用主成分分析法对零售业竞争力进行分析,得出浙江省零售业综合竞争力位于全国第六位,属于竞争力层次第二层。同时浙江省零售业行业规模、市场潜力以及基础设施水平等的得分排名居于前列,而行业结构和行业增长力则相对落后；然后是横向的描述性比较,一是浙江省零售业与位于前两个竞争力层次的10省市在行业规模、行业发展潜力和现代营销方式方面的比较,比较证实浙江省零售业在10个省市中处于中下游；二是省内11个地区在经济增长水平、社会消费品零售总额和基础设施水平等方面的比较,发现省内是浙东北的发展优于浙西南,而浙东北以杭州居首,浙西南则以温州居首。第五部分是对全文的总结,通过前文的研究发现浙江省零售业竞争力水平不高的主要原因是行业增长力水平较低,行业结构相对不合理、管理水平低、零售业企业综合实力不强等,并提出相应的对策建议。
In the context of global competition and the competition of capital resources is main performance of it. Circulation industry as the dominant industry, which controls and allocates resources is important factor to the competitiveness of a country or regional economy. The wholesale and retail industry is the main component of circulation industry, the circulation channels of commodities get shorter and shorter, and wholesale as intermediation which connects producers and retailers is more weakened. So, doing some research about retail industry and evaluating its competitiveness comprehensively has important theoretical and practical significance. One is the supplement to the relevant theory about competitiveness of industry, the other is the Competitiveness System on retail industry was built in the article could be used to evaluate regional retail competitive level, and do analysis and comparison to the factors which have affection on the development of retail industry. This article chooses Zhejiang Province as research object is for it's the first level of economy, its resource is few and it's on the stage which needs transition and adjustment urgently. The retail industry as an important component of the circulation industry will be a great attention. And it chooses Zhejiang Province as research object is a innovation, because it had no one study on the competitiveness of retail of Zhejiang Province before, it makes up for gaps. The paper also aims to provide more reasonable policy and proposals for the retail industry of Zhejiang Province.
The article contains five parts:The first is introduction, the background and significance of the topics, the competitiveness of industry researched at home and abroad, and the framework of the article. The second is refining retail industry and competitiveness and factors on competitiveness of retail industry, and factors are macro-economic level of development, labor force status, industry development environment and institutional policies. The third is the core of this paper, it sets a new evaluation system, which contains six first indicators, and they are industry size, industry structure, industry performance, trade potential, industry growth force and the level of infrastructure, and twenty-four second indicators. It explains the main method of the comprehensive evaluation of the competitiveness-principal component analysis. The forth is the main body of the article, it is about empirical analysis on retail competitiveness of Zhejiang province. Firstly, it does vertical comparison on Zhejiang Province's retail industry from 2000 to 2007, including total retail sales of social consumer goods, retail value-added, retail trade turnover rate of current assets and the amount of retail investment in fixed assets, they are all constantly up, which indicated that the good appearance of Zhejiang Province's retail industry. And summed up three features, which are retailing diversification, franchise development-based marketing and the introduction of logistics and information technology. Secondly, the paper uses principal component analysis to analysis and refine factors, the result is that overall competitiveness of Zhejiang Province's retail industry ranks the sixth in China, and it's in the second layer in the competitive level. In addition, the industry scale, market potential and infrastructure of Zhejiang Province's retail industry are in the forefront, and the shortage parts are industry structure and industry growth force. Then the paper does horizontal comparison, including two aspects, one is the comparison among 11 provinces which are located in the first two levels of competitive level, this comparison is about industry size, trade potential and marketing, a series of horizontal comparison among provinces shows that industry scale, market potential or chain is all in the middle. The other is comparison among 11 regions in Zhejiang province, this comparison contains three aspects, and they are the level of economic growth, total retail sales of social consumer goods, the level of infrastructure, it shows that northeaster's retail competitiveness is stronger than southwest in Zhejiang Province, and Hangzhou is the best in northeast, Wenzhou is the best in southwest. The fifth is a summary of the article, and we found main reasons of weakened competitiveness of Zhejiang Province's retail industry are irrational industrial structure, industry growth force is not high, low management level, as well as the retail enterprise's comprehensive strength is not strong, and then gave some relevant suggestion.
文章有五个部分。第一部分是选题背景和国内外产业竞争力研究现状的阐述以及文章的框架。第二部分是零售业和竞争力内涵的界定以及对宏观经济发展水平、劳动力状况、产业发展环境和体制政策四个零售业竞争力影响因素的分析。文章的核心则是第三部分,构建了新的区域零售业竞争力综合评价体系,包括行业规模、行业结构、行业绩效、行业市场潜力、行业增长力和基础设施水平六个一级指标及24个二级指标。介绍了本文采用的竞争力综合评价的主要方法—主成分分析法。文章的主体是第四部分的实证分析,首先对浙江省2000-2007年的社会消费品零售总额、零售业产业增加值、零售业流动资产周转速度和零售业固定资产投资额等进行纵向比较,发现这几个方面的发展势头很好,都在不断提升或增长。并呈现出三个特点：零售业态多样化、连锁经营的稳步发展和物流与信息技术的引进；其次采用主成分分析法对零售业竞争力进行分析,得出浙江省零售业综合竞争力位于全国第六位,属于竞争力层次第二层。同时浙江省零售业行业规模、市场潜力以及基础设施水平等的得分排名居于前列,而行业结构和行业增长力则相对落后；然后是横向的描述性比较,一是浙江省零售业与位于前两个竞争力层次的10省市在行业规模、行业发展潜力和现代营销方式方面的比较,比较证实浙江省零售业在10个省市中处于中下游；二是省内11个地区在经济增长水平、社会消费品零售总额和基础设施水平等方面的比较,发现省内是浙东北的发展优于浙西南,而浙东北以杭州居首,浙西南则以温州居首。第五部分是对全文的总结,通过前文的研究发现浙江省零售业竞争力水平不高的主要原因是行业增长力水平较低,行业结构相对不合理、管理水平低、零售业企业综合实力不强等,并提出相应的对策建议。
In the context of global competition and the competition of capital resources is main performance of it. Circulation industry as the dominant industry, which controls and allocates resources is important factor to the competitiveness of a country or regional economy. The wholesale and retail industry is the main component of circulation industry, the circulation channels of commodities get shorter and shorter, and wholesale as intermediation which connects producers and retailers is more weakened. So, doing some research about retail industry and evaluating its competitiveness comprehensively has important theoretical and practical significance. One is the supplement to the relevant theory about competitiveness of industry, the other is the Competitiveness System on retail industry was built in the article could be used to evaluate regional retail competitive level, and do analysis and comparison to the factors which have affection on the development of retail industry. This article chooses Zhejiang Province as research object is for it's the first level of economy, its resource is few and it's on the stage which needs transition and adjustment urgently. The retail industry as an important component of the circulation industry will be a great attention. And it chooses Zhejiang Province as research object is a innovation, because it had no one study on the competitiveness of retail of Zhejiang Province before, it makes up for gaps. The paper also aims to provide more reasonable policy and proposals for the retail industry of Zhejiang Province.
The article contains five parts:The first is introduction, the background and significance of the topics, the competitiveness of industry researched at home and abroad, and the framework of the article. The second is refining retail industry and competitiveness and factors on competitiveness of retail industry, and factors are macro-economic level of development, labor force status, industry development environment and institutional policies. The third is the core of this paper, it sets a new evaluation system, which contains six first indicators, and they are industry size, industry structure, industry performance, trade potential, industry growth force and the level of infrastructure, and twenty-four second indicators. It explains the main method of the comprehensive evaluation of the competitiveness-principal component analysis. The forth is the main body of the article, it is about empirical analysis on retail competitiveness of Zhejiang province. Firstly, it does vertical comparison on Zhejiang Province's retail industry from 2000 to 2007, including total retail sales of social consumer goods, retail value-added, retail trade turnover rate of current assets and the amount of retail investment in fixed assets, they are all constantly up, which indicated that the good appearance of Zhejiang Province's retail industry. And summed up three features, which are retailing diversification, franchise development-based marketing and the introduction of logistics and information technology. Secondly, the paper uses principal component analysis to analysis and refine factors, the result is that overall competitiveness of Zhejiang Province's retail industry ranks the sixth in China, and it's in the second layer in the competitive level. In addition, the industry scale, market potential and infrastructure of Zhejiang Province's retail industry are in the forefront, and the shortage parts are industry structure and industry growth force. Then the paper does horizontal comparison, including two aspects, one is the comparison among 11 provinces which are located in the first two levels of competitive level, this comparison is about industry size, trade potential and marketing, a series of horizontal comparison among provinces shows that industry scale, market potential or chain is all in the middle. The other is comparison among 11 regions in Zhejiang province, this comparison contains three aspects, and they are the level of economic growth, total retail sales of social consumer goods, the level of infrastructure, it shows that northeaster's retail competitiveness is stronger than southwest in Zhejiang Province, and Hangzhou is the best in northeast, Wenzhou is the best in southwest. The fifth is a summary of the article, and we found main reasons of weakened competitiveness of Zhejiang Province's retail industry are irrational industrial structure, industry growth force is not high, low management level, as well as the retail enterprise's comprehensive strength is not strong, and then gave some relevant suggestion.
引文
①亚当·斯密.国民财富性质与原因的研究[M].郭大力,王亚南译.北京：商务印书馆,1974：181.
②大卫·李嘉图.政治经济学及赋税原理[M]周洁译.北京：华夏出版社,2005：56.
①熊彼特.经济发展理论[M].北京：商务印书馆,1990：289.
②胡昱,马秀贞.竞争力评价[M].北京：中国标准出版社,2008：35.
①胡昱,马秀贞.竞争力评价[M].北京：中国标准出版社,2008：35.
②迈克尔·波特.竞争优势[M].陈小悦译.北京：华夏出版社,1997：128.
① Nasierowski W., Arccelus F.J. Interrelationships among the elements of national innovation systems:A statistical evolution [J]. European Journal of Operational Research,1999(3):235-253.
①狄昂照,吴明录.国际竞争力[M].北京：改革出版社,1992：38.
②陈晓声.产业竞争力的测度与评估[J].上海统计,2002(9)：13-15.
③朱春奎,朱立奎.产业竞争力的形成机理与发展阶段[J].科学进步与对策,2003(4)：17-20.
①裴长洪.利用外资与产业竞争力[M].北京：社会科学文献出版社,1998：47.
②周星,付英.产业国际竞争力评价指标体系探究[J].科研管理,2000(3)：15-18.
③张金昌.竞争力评价的理论和方法[M].北京：经济科学出版社,2002：76.
④石忆邵,朱卫峰.商贸流通业竞争力评价初探—以南通市为例[J].财经研究,2004(5)：114-120
⑤王先庆,杨亚平.区域流通产业竞争力指标体系设计与测算初探[J].商业经济文荟,2005(1)：2-6.
①赵洪斌.论产业竞争力——一个理论综述[J].当代财经,2004(12)：67-70.
①迈克尔·利维等.零售学精要[M].郭文武等译.北京：机械工业出版社,2000：56.
②菲利普·科特勒.营销管理(第九版)[M].上海：上海人民出版社,1999：28.
③巴里·伯曼,乔尔·R·埃文斯.零售管理(第七版)[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,2002：31.
①罗伯特·F·卢斯,梁一南译.零售商业企业经营管理[M].北京：中国商业出版社,1987：59.
②黄维礼.零售管理[M].北京：经济科学出版社,1996：37.
③肖怡.零售学[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2003：25.
①道格拉斯·C·诺斯.制度、制度变迁与经济绩效[M].上海：上海三联书店出版社,1994：283.
①西奥多·舒尔茨.论人力资本投资[M].北京：北京经济学院出版社,1990：90.
[1]Enoch C.A. Measure of international trade [J]. Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin,1978, 18(2):56-62.
[2]Anto E.W. Relative total cost-An approach to competitiveness measurement of industries [J]. Management International Reviews,1987(27):47-58.
[3]Kenedy P.L., Harrison R.W. Analyzing agribusiness competitiveness:The case of the United States sugar industry [J]. International Food and Agribusiness Management Reviews,1998 (2):51-62.
[4]Tange T. International competitiveness of U.S. and Japanese manufacturing industries [J]. International Productivity and Competitiveness,1992:81-85.
[5]Gustavsson R., Hanson P., Lundberg L. Technology, resource endowments and international competitiveness [J]. European Economic Review,1999(43):1501-1530.
[6]Nasierowski W., Arccelus F.J. Interrelationships among the elements of national innovation systems:A statistical evolution [J]. European Journal of Operational Research,1999 (3):235-253.
[7]Michael E. Porter. The Competitive Advantage of Nations [J]. A new view of technological change, Economic Journal,1969(79):573-578.
[8]亚当·斯密.国民财富性质与原因的研究[M].郭大力,王亚南译.北京：商务印书馆,1974：181.
[9]大卫·李嘉图.政治经济学及赋税原理[M].周洁译.北京：华夏出版社,2005：56.
[10]熊彼特.经济发展理论[M].北京：商务印书馆,1990：289.
[11]迈克尔·波特.竞争优势[M].陈小悦译.北京：华夏出版社,1997：128.
[12]狄昂照,吴明录.国际竞争力[M].北京：改革出版社,1992：38.
[13]裴长洪.利用外资与产业竞争力[M].北京：社会科学文献出版社,1998：47.
[14]周星,付英.产业国际竞争力评价指标体系探究[J].科研管理,2000(3)：15-18.
[15]张金昌.竞争力评价的理论和方法[M].北京：经济科学出版社,2002：76.
[16]朱春奎等.产业竞争力的形成机理与发展阶段[J].科学进步与对策.2003(4)：17-20.
[17]金碚.论企业竞争力的性质[J].中国工业经济.2001(10)：34-37.
[18]陈晓声.产业竞争力的测度与评估[J].上海统计.2002(9)：13-15.
[19]石忆邵,朱卫峰.商贸流通业竞争力评价初探——以南通市为例[J].财经研究2004(5)：114-120.
[20]王先庆,杨亚平.区域流通产业竞争力指标体系设计与测算初探[J].商业经济文荟2005(1)：2-6.
[21]赵洪斌.论产业竞争力——一个理论综述[J].当代财经2004(12)：67-70.
[22]迈克尔·利维等.零售学精要[M].郭文武等译.北京：机械工业出版社,2000：56.
[23]菲利普·科特勒.营销管理[M].上海：上海人民出版社,1999：28.
[24]巴里·伯曼,乔尔·R·埃文斯.零售管理[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,2002：31.
[25]罗伯特·F·卢斯,梁一南译.零售商业企业经营管理[M].北京：中国商业出版社,1987：59.
[26]黄维礼.零售管理[M].北京：经济科学出版社,1996：37.
[27]肖怡.零售学[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2003：25.
[28]道格拉斯·C·诺斯,制度、制度变迁与经济绩效[M].上海：上海三联书店出版社,1994：283.
[29]迈克尔·波特.国家竞争优势[M].北京：华夏出版社,2003：179.
[30]西奥多·舒尔茨.论人力资本投资[M].北京：北京经济学院出版社,1990：90.
[31]胡昱,马秀贞.竞争力评价[M].北京：中国标准出版社,2008：35.
[32]金碚.竞争力经济学[M].广东：广东经济出版社,2003：45.
[33]屈少晶,胡雪纷,田文娟.批发业竞争力指标体系设计[J].科技创业,2007(4)：157-158.
[34]王永培,宣烨.基于因子分析的我国各地区流通产业竞争力评价[J].经济问题探索2008(4)：42-46.
[35]章迪平.流通业发展方式转变实证研究——以浙江省为例[J].商业经济与管理2008(8)：22-28.
[36]冉静斐.区域零售业竞争力的实证研究[J].商业经济文荟2006(6)：13-19.
[37]陈向军,陈金波.中部流通产业竞争力研究——以连锁零售业为例[J].供应链管理2008(2)：54-56.
[38]夏春玉.流通、流通理论与流通经济学[J].财贸经济2008(2)：32-37.
[39]苏为华,朱发仓商贸流通业对社会经济发展的影响[J].商贸经济2007(2)：89-92.
[40]课题组.浙江省流通服务业影响力研究[J].财贸经济2008(2)：85-91.
[41]宋则.现代流通服务业影响力研究[J].经贸参考2007(1)：2-13.
[42]刘根荣.流通产业竞争力理论体系研究[J].商贸经济2007(12)：12-16.
[43]徐从才.流通理论研究的比较综合与创新[J].财贸经济2006(4)：27-35.
[44]黄国雄.论流通产业是基础产业[J].财贸经济2005(4)：3-5.
[45]朱坤萍.如何提升我国流通产业竞争力[J].商贸经济2007.5：28-29.
[46]广东省经济贸易委员会编委会.广东流通产业竞争力研究报告[M].北京：社会科学文献出版社2008：13-17.
[47]李闽榕等.中国省域经济综合竞争力评价与预测研究[M].北京：社会科学文献出版社,2007：6-19.
[48]周飞跃.产业竞争力提升战略[M].北京：经济科学出版社2006：21-26.
②大卫·李嘉图.政治经济学及赋税原理[M]周洁译.北京：华夏出版社,2005：56.
①熊彼特.经济发展理论[M].北京：商务印书馆,1990：289.
②胡昱,马秀贞.竞争力评价[M].北京：中国标准出版社,2008：35.
①胡昱,马秀贞.竞争力评价[M].北京：中国标准出版社,2008：35.
②迈克尔·波特.竞争优势[M].陈小悦译.北京：华夏出版社,1997：128.
① Nasierowski W., Arccelus F.J. Interrelationships among the elements of national innovation systems:A statistical evolution [J]. European Journal of Operational Research,1999(3):235-253.
①狄昂照,吴明录.国际竞争力[M].北京：改革出版社,1992：38.
②陈晓声.产业竞争力的测度与评估[J].上海统计,2002(9)：13-15.
③朱春奎,朱立奎.产业竞争力的形成机理与发展阶段[J].科学进步与对策,2003(4)：17-20.
①裴长洪.利用外资与产业竞争力[M].北京：社会科学文献出版社,1998：47.
②周星,付英.产业国际竞争力评价指标体系探究[J].科研管理,2000(3)：15-18.
③张金昌.竞争力评价的理论和方法[M].北京：经济科学出版社,2002：76.
④石忆邵,朱卫峰.商贸流通业竞争力评价初探—以南通市为例[J].财经研究,2004(5)：114-120
⑤王先庆,杨亚平.区域流通产业竞争力指标体系设计与测算初探[J].商业经济文荟,2005(1)：2-6.
①赵洪斌.论产业竞争力——一个理论综述[J].当代财经,2004(12)：67-70.
①迈克尔·利维等.零售学精要[M].郭文武等译.北京：机械工业出版社,2000：56.
②菲利普·科特勒.营销管理(第九版)[M].上海：上海人民出版社,1999：28.
③巴里·伯曼,乔尔·R·埃文斯.零售管理(第七版)[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,2002：31.
①罗伯特·F·卢斯,梁一南译.零售商业企业经营管理[M].北京：中国商业出版社,1987：59.
②黄维礼.零售管理[M].北京：经济科学出版社,1996：37.
③肖怡.零售学[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2003：25.
①道格拉斯·C·诺斯.制度、制度变迁与经济绩效[M].上海：上海三联书店出版社,1994：283.
①西奥多·舒尔茨.论人力资本投资[M].北京：北京经济学院出版社,1990：90.
[1]Enoch C.A. Measure of international trade [J]. Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin,1978, 18(2):56-62.
[2]Anto E.W. Relative total cost-An approach to competitiveness measurement of industries [J]. Management International Reviews,1987(27):47-58.
[3]Kenedy P.L., Harrison R.W. Analyzing agribusiness competitiveness:The case of the United States sugar industry [J]. International Food and Agribusiness Management Reviews,1998 (2):51-62.
[4]Tange T. International competitiveness of U.S. and Japanese manufacturing industries [J]. International Productivity and Competitiveness,1992:81-85.
[5]Gustavsson R., Hanson P., Lundberg L. Technology, resource endowments and international competitiveness [J]. European Economic Review,1999(43):1501-1530.
[6]Nasierowski W., Arccelus F.J. Interrelationships among the elements of national innovation systems:A statistical evolution [J]. European Journal of Operational Research,1999 (3):235-253.
[7]Michael E. Porter. The Competitive Advantage of Nations [J]. A new view of technological change, Economic Journal,1969(79):573-578.
[8]亚当·斯密.国民财富性质与原因的研究[M].郭大力,王亚南译.北京：商务印书馆,1974：181.
[9]大卫·李嘉图.政治经济学及赋税原理[M].周洁译.北京：华夏出版社,2005：56.
[10]熊彼特.经济发展理论[M].北京：商务印书馆,1990：289.
[11]迈克尔·波特.竞争优势[M].陈小悦译.北京：华夏出版社,1997：128.
[12]狄昂照,吴明录.国际竞争力[M].北京：改革出版社,1992：38.
[13]裴长洪.利用外资与产业竞争力[M].北京：社会科学文献出版社,1998：47.
[14]周星,付英.产业国际竞争力评价指标体系探究[J].科研管理,2000(3)：15-18.
[15]张金昌.竞争力评价的理论和方法[M].北京：经济科学出版社,2002：76.
[16]朱春奎等.产业竞争力的形成机理与发展阶段[J].科学进步与对策.2003(4)：17-20.
[17]金碚.论企业竞争力的性质[J].中国工业经济.2001(10)：34-37.
[18]陈晓声.产业竞争力的测度与评估[J].上海统计.2002(9)：13-15.
[19]石忆邵,朱卫峰.商贸流通业竞争力评价初探——以南通市为例[J].财经研究2004(5)：114-120.
[20]王先庆,杨亚平.区域流通产业竞争力指标体系设计与测算初探[J].商业经济文荟2005(1)：2-6.
[21]赵洪斌.论产业竞争力——一个理论综述[J].当代财经2004(12)：67-70.
[22]迈克尔·利维等.零售学精要[M].郭文武等译.北京：机械工业出版社,2000：56.
[23]菲利普·科特勒.营销管理[M].上海：上海人民出版社,1999：28.
[24]巴里·伯曼,乔尔·R·埃文斯.零售管理[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,2002：31.
[25]罗伯特·F·卢斯,梁一南译.零售商业企业经营管理[M].北京：中国商业出版社,1987：59.
[26]黄维礼.零售管理[M].北京：经济科学出版社,1996：37.
[27]肖怡.零售学[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2003：25.
[28]道格拉斯·C·诺斯,制度、制度变迁与经济绩效[M].上海：上海三联书店出版社,1994：283.
[29]迈克尔·波特.国家竞争优势[M].北京：华夏出版社,2003：179.
[30]西奥多·舒尔茨.论人力资本投资[M].北京：北京经济学院出版社,1990：90.
[31]胡昱,马秀贞.竞争力评价[M].北京：中国标准出版社,2008：35.
[32]金碚.竞争力经济学[M].广东：广东经济出版社,2003：45.
[33]屈少晶,胡雪纷,田文娟.批发业竞争力指标体系设计[J].科技创业,2007(4)：157-158.
[34]王永培,宣烨.基于因子分析的我国各地区流通产业竞争力评价[J].经济问题探索2008(4)：42-46.
[35]章迪平.流通业发展方式转变实证研究——以浙江省为例[J].商业经济与管理2008(8)：22-28.
[36]冉静斐.区域零售业竞争力的实证研究[J].商业经济文荟2006(6)：13-19.
[37]陈向军,陈金波.中部流通产业竞争力研究——以连锁零售业为例[J].供应链管理2008(2)：54-56.
[38]夏春玉.流通、流通理论与流通经济学[J].财贸经济2008(2)：32-37.
[39]苏为华,朱发仓商贸流通业对社会经济发展的影响[J].商贸经济2007(2)：89-92.
[40]课题组.浙江省流通服务业影响力研究[J].财贸经济2008(2)：85-91.
[41]宋则.现代流通服务业影响力研究[J].经贸参考2007(1)：2-13.
[42]刘根荣.流通产业竞争力理论体系研究[J].商贸经济2007(12)：12-16.
[43]徐从才.流通理论研究的比较综合与创新[J].财贸经济2006(4)：27-35.
[44]黄国雄.论流通产业是基础产业[J].财贸经济2005(4)：3-5.
[45]朱坤萍.如何提升我国流通产业竞争力[J].商贸经济2007.5：28-29.
[46]广东省经济贸易委员会编委会.广东流通产业竞争力研究报告[M].北京：社会科学文献出版社2008：13-17.
[47]李闽榕等.中国省域经济综合竞争力评价与预测研究[M].北京：社会科学文献出版社,2007：6-19.
[48]周飞跃.产业竞争力提升战略[M].北京：经济科学出版社2006：21-26.