基于新资源的我国省会城市竞争力研究
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摘要
20世纪90年代城市竞争力受到广泛关注,目前已有丰硕的研究成果,但由于没有抓住问题的关键——大家关注城市竞争力的原因与背景、城市竞争的对象与方式、城市竞争力的衡量标准等,因此现有研究重复性高,创新性少。故此,审视城市竞争力受到关注的时代背景,分析城市竞争力的来源、表现及竞争模式,研判城市竞争力的评价指标与方法,设计比较科学的城市竞争力评价体系,具有十分重要的现实价值和理论意义。
     本论文以新经济条件下,新资源成为城市发展的新引擎为切入点,以城市可持续发展为主线,以新要素优势理论、可持续发展理论、竞争优势理论和资源基础理论为指导,重新构建资源框架,界定城市竞争中的新资源,分析新资源条件下城市竞争方式的变化,构建新资源条件下的城市竞争力理论模型,据此理论模型选择城市竞争力的DEA评价模型,设置城市竞争力的解释性指标和显示性指标,以我国省会城市为样本,运用主成分分析法构建符合DEA评价要求的指标体系,同时进行聚类分析,将定量研究与定性研究结合分析出各类城市的竞争力来源与表现,据此提出各城市提升竞争力的建议。经过这些研究,形成如下成果:
     (1)20世纪90年代,城市竞争力受到关注的起因不仅在于新资源成为城市发展的新引擎,而且新资源改变了城市的竞争模式,加剧了城市之间的竞争。
     (2)新资源已经成为新经济条件下城市竞争力的关键来源,并且新资源与城市竞争力之间表现出比较明显的“马太效应”。
     (3)城市竞争效率显著影响城市新资源竞争优势的发挥。当城市竞争效率较高时,较少的城市新资源投入会带来较高的城市竞争力;相反,当城市竞争效率较低时,较多的城市新资源投入带来较低的城市竞争力。
     (4)从城市竞争的自我评价结果看,我国省会城市的竞争力普遍较好,相对竞争效率较高;但从相互评价结果看,有些城市的竞争结果并不理想,主要原因有新资源投入数量不足、质量不高、结构不合理或者城市竞争效率不高等。
     (5)同一级别和同一区域内城市的竞争相似性,影响我国省会城市间合作竞争模式的形成。
In the1990s urban competitiveness is highly concerned, and there are fruitful research achievements, but owing to miss the key problem-the cause of the urban competitiveness and the background, object and the way of competition, the measure of urban competitiveness, etc., so the existing research high repeats, and less innovates, and less essence reveals. Therefore, this paper reviewing the background of the urban competitiveness attention, analysis the source of the urban competitiveness, performance and competition mode, evaluation index and methods of the urban competitiveness, designing more scientific urban competitiveness evaluation system, has very important practical value and theoretical significance.
     Under the condition of new economy, new resources become the new engine of urban development, which is the breakthrough point of this paper, and urban sustainable development is the main line. Based on new elements advantage theory, sustainable development theory, competitive advantage theory and Resource-Based View, This study rebuilds the resource framework, redefines new resources of the urban competition, and analyzes the mode change of the urban competition under the condition of the new resources, and builds the urban competitiveness theory model under the condition of new resources, on the basis of theoretical model to choose DEA evaluation model of urban competitiveness, and sets up the explanatory indicators and evincive indicators of urban competitiveness. This paper chooses the provincial capital cities in China as samples, using principal component analysis (pea) to build the index system of DEA evaluation. At the same time, this paper, using clustering analysis, points out some suggestion to enhance all kinds of urban competitiveness according to the quantitative and qualitative analysis and the performance of all kinds of urban competitiveness. The main research conclusions in this article are:
     (1) In the1990s, the cause of the urban competitiveness attention is not only new resources becoming the new engine of urban development, but alse changes the urban's new resources competition pattern, and intensifies the competition between cities.
     (2)New resources become the key source of urban competitiveness under the new economic conditions, and there is obvious "Matthew effect" between the new resources and the urban competitiveness.
     (3) Urban competition efficiency significantly influences the competitive advantage of new resources. When the urban competition efficiency is higher, fewer new resources brings high urban competitiveness; On the contrary, when the city competition efficiency is lower, more urban new resources brings low urban competitiveness.
     (4) From the self-evaluation result of these urbans competition, the competitiveness of China's capital city is generally good, and relatively competitive efficiency is high; But from the mutual evaluation result, some of the urban competition results are not ideal. New resources quantity insufficiency, poor quality, low efficiency and the structure unreasonable are important.
     (5) The urban competition similarity in the same level or the same of area affects the formation of cooperative competition mode between provincial capital cities in our country.
引文
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