辽宁省少年排球运动员运动认知特质焦虑及竞赛状态焦虑的研究
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摘要
本文采用查阅文献资料法、量表调查法、数理统计法以及逻辑分析法等研究方法,对参加2010年辽宁省少年排球锦标赛的286名队员进行量表调查,对影响排球队员比赛成绩的焦虑因素进行了统计分析,揭示了队员竞赛焦虑差异水平并提出相应的建议。研究结果表明:焦虑水平是影响排球队员心理的主要因素,采用具体、可行而有效的心理调整训练,可以提高队员的心理素质,有利于队员技战术水平的发挥。应用Spss16.0体育科学统计软件将回收的有效数据进行相关处理与分析,发现,主力队员的焦虑整体略高于替补队员;二传手整体的焦虑水平要高于其他位置;男队员的焦虑比女队员的低。同时,焦虑水平与比赛成绩存在一定相关性,焦虑水平的高低对比赛成绩的影响较大。
得出以下结论:(1)在与常模对比中发现,队员运动认知特质焦虑中的社会评价焦虑、比赛准备焦虑、竞技水平发挥焦虑、对方实力焦虑低于中国常模,说明辽宁省少年排球队员对成功充满期望,能以良好的心态参赛;队员竞赛状态焦虑中,男女队员身体上都有疲惫的感觉,但男队员自信心很强,女队员却缺乏自信,过分担忧失败。(2)队员运动认知状态焦虑水平研究中发现,性别、运动年限、运动等级以及是否主力队员不同的队员在受伤焦虑上有显著性差异;运动年龄、场上位置不同的队员间不具有显著性差异。(3)队员竞赛状态焦虑水平研究中发现,性别、年龄不同的队员间有显著差异;运动年限、运动等级不同的队员间无差异;场上位置不同队员间的认知状态焦虑维度上有显著性差异;主力与替补队员间的躯体状态焦虑和状态自信心维度上有显著性差异。(4)队员的运动认知特质焦虑、竞赛状态焦虑水平与比赛成绩之间具有高度的相关性。
The paper adopts many methods of investigation , for example , literature data, scale survey, mathematical statistics and logical analysis and so on. We made a survey about the 286 players who took part in the Youngster Championship of Liaoning Province in 2010. We statisticed and analyzed the factors of anxiety that affected the volleyball players’achievement . We revealed the different anxious levels of competitors and gave some corresponding suggestions . Results showed that the level of anxiety is the main factors for volleyball players . If we use the specific, practical and effective psychological adjustment training, we can improve their mental qualities. It’s useful for players to develop their level of skills . By using Spss16.0 sports science software , a collection system of statistical data , we can handle and analyse the data .We found the level of anxiety of key players was slightly higher than that of the substitute players in extent , specialist setters were more anxious than other players who were in different positions , the level of the anxiety of the men was lower than that of the women . At the same time, the level of anxiety and the result of competition has a certain relation, level of anxiety has a great effect on the result of the match.
We got the following conclusions: (1) In contrast with norm ,we found the level of anxiety of the players included the anxiety of social evaluation , the anxiety of preparation, the anxiety of developing competitive level and so on , they were below the norm of China. It showed the players of Liaoning province looked forward to succeeding in the competition, they took part in the competition with positive attitude . The state of anxiety in the competition, they all felt tired , but boys were more self-confident than girls, the girls worried a lot . (2) The study of anxiety level of athletes found that gender, exercise duration, exercise level, and whether they were the main players or not , different athletes had different expressions in the anxiety of injury ,the differences were prominent . The age of movement , and among the players of different positions had not significant differences. (3) In the study of anxiety levels of competitive state, we found among team members, different players between gender and age had significant differences , while between exercise duration and exercise level they did not differ from each other. Because of the differences of the positions in the filled , it’s normal for different players to have different reflection .So were the athletes both head men and substitute players in body conditions and dimension of confidence.(4) The Anxiety level of sports cognitive trait and competition state of members and the competition results are highly relevant.
得出以下结论:(1)在与常模对比中发现,队员运动认知特质焦虑中的社会评价焦虑、比赛准备焦虑、竞技水平发挥焦虑、对方实力焦虑低于中国常模,说明辽宁省少年排球队员对成功充满期望,能以良好的心态参赛;队员竞赛状态焦虑中,男女队员身体上都有疲惫的感觉,但男队员自信心很强,女队员却缺乏自信,过分担忧失败。(2)队员运动认知状态焦虑水平研究中发现,性别、运动年限、运动等级以及是否主力队员不同的队员在受伤焦虑上有显著性差异;运动年龄、场上位置不同的队员间不具有显著性差异。(3)队员竞赛状态焦虑水平研究中发现,性别、年龄不同的队员间有显著差异;运动年限、运动等级不同的队员间无差异;场上位置不同队员间的认知状态焦虑维度上有显著性差异;主力与替补队员间的躯体状态焦虑和状态自信心维度上有显著性差异。(4)队员的运动认知特质焦虑、竞赛状态焦虑水平与比赛成绩之间具有高度的相关性。
The paper adopts many methods of investigation , for example , literature data, scale survey, mathematical statistics and logical analysis and so on. We made a survey about the 286 players who took part in the Youngster Championship of Liaoning Province in 2010. We statisticed and analyzed the factors of anxiety that affected the volleyball players’achievement . We revealed the different anxious levels of competitors and gave some corresponding suggestions . Results showed that the level of anxiety is the main factors for volleyball players . If we use the specific, practical and effective psychological adjustment training, we can improve their mental qualities. It’s useful for players to develop their level of skills . By using Spss16.0 sports science software , a collection system of statistical data , we can handle and analyse the data .We found the level of anxiety of key players was slightly higher than that of the substitute players in extent , specialist setters were more anxious than other players who were in different positions , the level of the anxiety of the men was lower than that of the women . At the same time, the level of anxiety and the result of competition has a certain relation, level of anxiety has a great effect on the result of the match.
We got the following conclusions: (1) In contrast with norm ,we found the level of anxiety of the players included the anxiety of social evaluation , the anxiety of preparation, the anxiety of developing competitive level and so on , they were below the norm of China. It showed the players of Liaoning province looked forward to succeeding in the competition, they took part in the competition with positive attitude . The state of anxiety in the competition, they all felt tired , but boys were more self-confident than girls, the girls worried a lot . (2) The study of anxiety level of athletes found that gender, exercise duration, exercise level, and whether they were the main players or not , different athletes had different expressions in the anxiety of injury ,the differences were prominent . The age of movement , and among the players of different positions had not significant differences. (3) In the study of anxiety levels of competitive state, we found among team members, different players between gender and age had significant differences , while between exercise duration and exercise level they did not differ from each other. Because of the differences of the positions in the filled , it’s normal for different players to have different reflection .So were the athletes both head men and substitute players in body conditions and dimension of confidence.(4) The Anxiety level of sports cognitive trait and competition state of members and the competition results are highly relevant.
引文
①郑锦惠.运动竞赛焦虑多维度研究综述[J ].沈阳体育学院学报,2006 (6) :58-60
②耿琳.对山东高校高水平游泳运动员赛前焦虑分析与调整的研究[D ].东北师范大学,2008
①Weinberg,R. Anxiety,arousal,and motor Performance :theory,research,application In D. Hack fort & C.D . Spielberger (ads),Anxiety in sports,Hemisphere Publishing,1978
②郑锦惠.运动竞赛焦虑多维度研究综述[J ].沈阳体育学院学报,2006 (6) :58-60
①Martens. R , Vealey. RS, Burton D et al. Competitive anxiety in sport. Champaign IL: human Kinetics Books,1990:193-207
②张力为,毛志雄著,《运动心理学》[M];上海:华东师范大学出版社,1999.(9):64-65
①车文博.当代西方心理学新词典[M].吉林人民出版社,2001,10:475.7
②张力为.运动竞赛焦虑研究的发展动态(综述).体育学刊.1995,(3):62-65
③祝蓓里.运动竞赛状态焦虑量表中国常模的修订.心理科学,心理科学, 1994, 17 (6):358~362
①张力为,毛志雄.体育科学常用心理量表评定手册[M].北京:北京体育大学出版社,2004.55-58.
①邱爱华.1996年全国田径锦标赛400米跨栏跑运动员竞赛焦虑状态的研究.中国体育科技.1999,35(3):3
②戴晶斌,等.多维状态焦虑的影响因素及其与武术比赛成绩之间关系的研究.山东体育学院学报,1996,12(4):42
③肖晏婵,等.上海市运动员竞赛特质焦虑调查及研究.体育科研.1997,18(4):24
④张狄青,等.大学生运动竞赛焦虑水平及其调控的实验研究.南京师大学报(自然科学版),1996,19(1):89
⑤颜慧.蹦床运动员竞赛焦虑特征与成绩关系的研究[J] .体育科学,2003 (5) :133-136.
①周成林著,《运动心理测量与评价》[M];内蒙古大学出版社,2000.(9):176-187
①颜慧.蹦床运动员竞赛焦虑特征与成绩关系的研究[J] .体育科学,2003 (5) :133-136.
①耿琳.对山东高校高水平游泳运动员赛前焦虑分析与调整的研究[D ].东北师范大学,2008
①Craft,L.L,Magyar,M,Becher,B.J,Feltz,D.L.(2003). The relationship between the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory -2 and sport performmance :A meta-analysis. Journal of Sport Exercise Psychology ,25 , 44-55.
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②耿琳.对山东高校高水平游泳运动员赛前焦虑分析与调整的研究[D ].东北师范大学,2008
①Weinberg,R. Anxiety,arousal,and motor Performance :theory,research,application In D. Hack fort & C.D . Spielberger (ads),Anxiety in sports,Hemisphere Publishing,1978
②郑锦惠.运动竞赛焦虑多维度研究综述[J ].沈阳体育学院学报,2006 (6) :58-60
①Martens. R , Vealey. RS, Burton D et al. Competitive anxiety in sport. Champaign IL: human Kinetics Books,1990:193-207
②张力为,毛志雄著,《运动心理学》[M];上海:华东师范大学出版社,1999.(9):64-65
①车文博.当代西方心理学新词典[M].吉林人民出版社,2001,10:475.7
②张力为.运动竞赛焦虑研究的发展动态(综述).体育学刊.1995,(3):62-65
③祝蓓里.运动竞赛状态焦虑量表中国常模的修订.心理科学,心理科学, 1994, 17 (6):358~362
①张力为,毛志雄.体育科学常用心理量表评定手册[M].北京:北京体育大学出版社,2004.55-58.
①邱爱华.1996年全国田径锦标赛400米跨栏跑运动员竞赛焦虑状态的研究.中国体育科技.1999,35(3):3
②戴晶斌,等.多维状态焦虑的影响因素及其与武术比赛成绩之间关系的研究.山东体育学院学报,1996,12(4):42
③肖晏婵,等.上海市运动员竞赛特质焦虑调查及研究.体育科研.1997,18(4):24
④张狄青,等.大学生运动竞赛焦虑水平及其调控的实验研究.南京师大学报(自然科学版),1996,19(1):89
⑤颜慧.蹦床运动员竞赛焦虑特征与成绩关系的研究[J] .体育科学,2003 (5) :133-136.
①周成林著,《运动心理测量与评价》[M];内蒙古大学出版社,2000.(9):176-187
①颜慧.蹦床运动员竞赛焦虑特征与成绩关系的研究[J] .体育科学,2003 (5) :133-136.
①耿琳.对山东高校高水平游泳运动员赛前焦虑分析与调整的研究[D ].东北师范大学,2008
①Craft,L.L,Magyar,M,Becher,B.J,Feltz,D.L.(2003). The relationship between the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory -2 and sport performmance :A meta-analysis. Journal of Sport Exercise Psychology ,25 , 44-55.
[1]全国体育学院教材委员会.排球运动[M].北京:人民体育出版社.1999,1
[2]车文博.当代西方心理学新词典[M].吉林人民出版社,2001,10:475.7
[3] Spielberger C.D. (1972). Anxiety as an emotional state. In C.D. Spielberger (Ed.),Anxiety : Current trends in the theory and research:Vol.1(PP.23一49),New York : Academic
[4] Martens. R , Vealey. RS, Burton D et al. Competitive anxiety in sport. Champaign IL: human Kinetics Books,1990:193-207
[5]张力为,毛志雄著,《运动心理学》[M];上海:华东师范大学出版社,1999.(9):64-65
[6]张力为.运动竞赛焦虑研究的发展动态(综述).体育学刊.1995,(3):62-65
[7]张力为,毛志雄.体育科学常用心理量表评定手册[M].北京:北京体育大学出版社,2004.55-58.
[8]张力为,毛志雄.体育科学常用心理量表评定手册[M].北京:北京体育大学出版社,2004.65-70.
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