高校篮球选项课教学方法最优化的实验研究
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摘要
随着我国高校教学改革的不断深入,推进教学改革已经成为当前教育事业发展的重点。体育是教育的重要组成部分,是高校素质教育的重要体现,对提高学生以及全民族身体素质起到关键作用。作为高校体育的主要内容,体育教学始终是高校体育改革的中心环节。体育教学在其教学过程中,既有普通教学的一般性,也有其自己的特殊性。高校篮球教学中,如何在短的教学时间内使学生尽快、更好的掌握篮球运动基本知识、基本技术与技能寻找一个最优的教学方法一直是体育教师们不断研究探索的问题。本文借助最优化的理论观点,综合运用教育学、心理学、生理学、控制论、信息论、系统论、教学论等相关学科的理论研究,结合篮球运动本身的规律与特点,从理论上阐述了在高校篮球选项课中实施教学方法最优化的可行性和重要意义,通过实验研究证明了教学方法最优化比常规教学法更有利于提高学生理论知识水平、技术技能,充分体现学生的主体作用和教师的主导作用。选择对该课程来说是最有效的教学方法,这是教学最优化理论的核心部分之一,对于现代课堂教学来说,教学方法的最优化更加显得十分重要。根据最优化的理论,选择最佳的教学方法在教学过程中帮助和引导学生掌握基本的适合个体需要的体育运动技能和运动方法,养成良好的锻炼习惯和卫生习惯,使学生在身体素质、心理和生理及社会适应性方面都完全处于良好状态,使高校篮球教学更加科学化、系统化和现代化。
With increasing deepening of teaching reform in colleges and universities in China, pushing forward teaching reform has become the focus of the contemporary education development. Physical education ( PE), an important component of education, also a significant manifestation of quality education in colleges and universities, has played a critical role in promoting students’physical quality and even that of the whole nation. As an important content of PE in colleges and universities, PE teaching is always the core of PE reform in colleges and universities. In teaching process, PE teaching is the combination of universality of general teaching and its own characteristics. In basketball teaching, seeking an optimized teaching methods about how to make the students grasp the basic knowledge, techniques, and skills faster and better in a short time, has always been the problem which PE teachers has been researching and exploring. The thesis, with aid of optimization theory, on the basis of synthesis of theoretical research of education, psychology, physiology, cybernetics, information theory, system theory, teaching theory, combining the law and characteristics of basketball sports, expounds the feasibility and significance of optimization of teaching methods in optional basketball course in colleges and universities, and by means of experimental research proves that the optimized teaching methods is superior to the traditional methods in improving students’knowledge level, techniques and skills, embodying students’main-body function and teachers’instruction function. Selecting the most effective teaching methods for the course is the core of optimization theory, because the optimization of teaching methods appears even more important in modern class teaching. According to optimization theory, selecting the best teaching methods in teaching process will aid and instruct students to grasp the basic sports skill and methods suitable for individual needs, to develop a sound exercise and hygiene habits, to keep in good in such aspects as physical quality, psychological, physiological and social suitability, thus making the basketball teaching more scientific, systematic and modernized in colleges and universities.
With increasing deepening of teaching reform in colleges and universities in China, pushing forward teaching reform has become the focus of the contemporary education development. Physical education ( PE), an important component of education, also a significant manifestation of quality education in colleges and universities, has played a critical role in promoting students’physical quality and even that of the whole nation. As an important content of PE in colleges and universities, PE teaching is always the core of PE reform in colleges and universities. In teaching process, PE teaching is the combination of universality of general teaching and its own characteristics. In basketball teaching, seeking an optimized teaching methods about how to make the students grasp the basic knowledge, techniques, and skills faster and better in a short time, has always been the problem which PE teachers has been researching and exploring. The thesis, with aid of optimization theory, on the basis of synthesis of theoretical research of education, psychology, physiology, cybernetics, information theory, system theory, teaching theory, combining the law and characteristics of basketball sports, expounds the feasibility and significance of optimization of teaching methods in optional basketball course in colleges and universities, and by means of experimental research proves that the optimized teaching methods is superior to the traditional methods in improving students’knowledge level, techniques and skills, embodying students’main-body function and teachers’instruction function. Selecting the most effective teaching methods for the course is the core of optimization theory, because the optimization of teaching methods appears even more important in modern class teaching. According to optimization theory, selecting the best teaching methods in teaching process will aid and instruct students to grasp the basic sports skill and methods suitable for individual needs, to develop a sound exercise and hygiene habits, to keep in good in such aspects as physical quality, psychological, physiological and social suitability, thus making the basketball teaching more scientific, systematic and modernized in colleges and universities.
引文
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[2]巴班斯基著,吴文侃译.教学教育过程最优化[M].北京:教育科学出版社,2001.
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[4]陈向明编著.在参与中学习与行动---参与方式法培训指南[M].北京:教育科学出版社,2003.
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[6]德斯蒙德·基更著,丁新等译.远距离教育基础[M].北京:中央广播电视大学出版社,1996.
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[8]赖志奎.现代教学论[M].浙江:杭州大学出版社,1998.357-360.
[9]苏东升.试析普通高校篮球战术最优化的教学[J].体育世界,学术,2006.05
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[11]何克抗.教学设计理论与方法研究评论[C].中国电化教育协会,97学术年会.
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[13]蔡颖敏.创建21世纪我国高校体育创新课程体系之理念[J].现代高等教育杂志(香港),2004-4-1.
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[15]沈建华.快乐教学在体育课中的应用.上海体育学院学报[J],2004-12-1.
[16]易凌峰.多元教学评价发展趋势[J].课程教材教法,1999,(11).10.
[17]郭洪.未来学校体育发展中的几个问题思考[J].安徽体育科技,1999.1
[18]金钦昌.学校体育学[M].高等教育出版社,1994年.
[19]吴文侃主编.《比较教学论》[M].人民教育出版社,1996年版.
[20]李秉德主编.《教学论》[M].人民教育出版社,2000年版.
[21]巴班斯基,波塔什尼著.《教育过程最优化问答》[M].北京师范大学出版社,1985.
[22]杨兆山,姚俊主编.《教育学原理》[M],辽宁师范大学出版社,2003.07.
[23]吴志超.《现代教学论与体育教学》[M].人民体育出版社,1993.06.
[24]西尔维亚·法纳姆·迪戈蕾.《学校教育》[M].辽海出版社,2001.01.
[25]章明珠,王锡群.普通高校篮球技术教学最佳教学模式处探[J].吉林体育学院学报,2001.(4).
[26]李重申.现代体育教育思想的人文性[J].体育文史,2001.03.
[27]季 浏主编.体育(与健康)课程标准解读[M].湖北教育出版社,2002.
[28]巴班斯基.教育教学过程最优化-方法论原理[M].人民体育出版社,1993.
[29]薛 岚.论篮球技战术教学的最优化问题[J].上海体育学院学报,2002.01.
[30]列昕.巴班斯基.教学过程最优化思想[J],中国学校体育,2000.(5)
[31]黄甫全,王本陆主编.《现代教学论学程》[M].教育科学出版社,1998年版.
[32]史根东主编.《主体教育概论》[M].科学出版社,1999年版.
[33]张贵贤.体育教育专业篮球教学的最优化模式研究[J].大连大学学报,2004.06.
[34]李定仁.巴班斯基教学过程最优化理论与我国教学改革[J].河西学院学报,2002.02.
[35]刘云生.巴班斯基教学过程最优化理论的批评性思考[J].外国教育研究,2001.10
[36]陈英玮.高校教学过程最优化的几点思考[J].江西科技师范学院学报,2003.02.
[37]初永和. 高校体育教学最优化的探讨[J].大连教育学院学报,2004.09.
[38]刘 锋. 篮球专选课战术教学过程的优化方案[J].体育学刊,2001.05
[39]王英武. 体育教学最优化的理论探析[J].安徽教育学院学报,2001.05
[40]雷 玲. 体育专业篮球普修课教学优化组合探析[J].成都体育学院学报,2002.05
[41]郑 红.我国现代教学寻求最优化目标应注意的三个问题[J].哈尔滨学院学报,2001.02.
[42]冷天勇,袁吉,等.优化大学体育教学过程的理论与实践[J].吉林工学院学报,2002.06.
[43]毛 良. 优化体育教学过程的构思基点和途径[J].体育师友,2005.02.
[44]王家英,严 宇. 论学校体育教学方法的优化选择[J].体育成人教育学刊,2004.06.
[45]张利刚. 普通高校篮球选项课教学优化组合探析[J].运城学院学报,2006.04
[46]Giovanni B Moneta, Christy M Y Siu. Trait intrinsic and extrinsic motivations, academic performance, and creativity in Hong Kong college students. Journal of College Student Development,2002.43(5):664— 682
[47]Kimberly D Elsbach, Roderick M Kramer. Assessing creativity in Hollywood pitch meetings: Evidence for a dual-process model of creativity judgements. Academy of management Joural,2003.46(3):283
[48]Glasser, W.(1997)“Choice Theory”andstudentssuccess. The Education Digest.November, 1997, Volume 63 NO. 3. 16-17
[49]Light,P.H. and Mevarech,Z.R.(1992), Cooperative Learning with Computers: an introduction, Learning and Instruction, Vol.18,No.3., pp.155-159
[50]Bosworth Kris.“Developing Collaborative Skills in College Students.” Collaborative Learning: Underlying Processes and Effective Techniques 1994
[2]巴班斯基著,吴文侃译.教学教育过程最优化[M].北京:教育科学出版社,2001.
[3]钟启泉编译.现代教学论发展[M].北京:教育科学出版社,1988.
[4]陈向明编著.在参与中学习与行动---参与方式法培训指南[M].北京:教育科学出版社,2003.
[5]贡建伟.以“健康第一”的战略思想引导学校体育改革[J].南京体育学院学报,2001(2).
[6]德斯蒙德·基更著,丁新等译.远距离教育基础[M].北京:中央广播电视大学出版社,1996.
[7]张妙凤.教学教育过程最优化理论的影响与评价[J].《外国教育研究》,2000年第一期.
[8]赖志奎.现代教学论[M].浙江:杭州大学出版社,1998.357-360.
[9]苏东升.试析普通高校篮球战术最优化的教学[J].体育世界,学术,2006.05
[10]李龙.教学过程设计[M].呼和浩特:内蒙古人民出版社,1997.10.第1版.
[11]何克抗.教学设计理论与方法研究评论[C].中国电化教育协会,97学术年会.
[12]乌美娜.教学设计[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1994.10.第1版.
[13]蔡颖敏.创建21世纪我国高校体育创新课程体系之理念[J].现代高等教育杂志(香港),2004-4-1.
[14]成月祥.论体育教学改革对人的社会化进程的影响[J].北京体育大学学报(增刊),2004-5-1.
[15]沈建华.快乐教学在体育课中的应用.上海体育学院学报[J],2004-12-1.
[16]易凌峰.多元教学评价发展趋势[J].课程教材教法,1999,(11).10.
[17]郭洪.未来学校体育发展中的几个问题思考[J].安徽体育科技,1999.1
[18]金钦昌.学校体育学[M].高等教育出版社,1994年.
[19]吴文侃主编.《比较教学论》[M].人民教育出版社,1996年版.
[20]李秉德主编.《教学论》[M].人民教育出版社,2000年版.
[21]巴班斯基,波塔什尼著.《教育过程最优化问答》[M].北京师范大学出版社,1985.
[22]杨兆山,姚俊主编.《教育学原理》[M],辽宁师范大学出版社,2003.07.
[23]吴志超.《现代教学论与体育教学》[M].人民体育出版社,1993.06.
[24]西尔维亚·法纳姆·迪戈蕾.《学校教育》[M].辽海出版社,2001.01.
[25]章明珠,王锡群.普通高校篮球技术教学最佳教学模式处探[J].吉林体育学院学报,2001.(4).
[26]李重申.现代体育教育思想的人文性[J].体育文史,2001.03.
[27]季 浏主编.体育(与健康)课程标准解读[M].湖北教育出版社,2002.
[28]巴班斯基.教育教学过程最优化-方法论原理[M].人民体育出版社,1993.
[29]薛 岚.论篮球技战术教学的最优化问题[J].上海体育学院学报,2002.01.
[30]列昕.巴班斯基.教学过程最优化思想[J],中国学校体育,2000.(5)
[31]黄甫全,王本陆主编.《现代教学论学程》[M].教育科学出版社,1998年版.
[32]史根东主编.《主体教育概论》[M].科学出版社,1999年版.
[33]张贵贤.体育教育专业篮球教学的最优化模式研究[J].大连大学学报,2004.06.
[34]李定仁.巴班斯基教学过程最优化理论与我国教学改革[J].河西学院学报,2002.02.
[35]刘云生.巴班斯基教学过程最优化理论的批评性思考[J].外国教育研究,2001.10
[36]陈英玮.高校教学过程最优化的几点思考[J].江西科技师范学院学报,2003.02.
[37]初永和. 高校体育教学最优化的探讨[J].大连教育学院学报,2004.09.
[38]刘 锋. 篮球专选课战术教学过程的优化方案[J].体育学刊,2001.05
[39]王英武. 体育教学最优化的理论探析[J].安徽教育学院学报,2001.05
[40]雷 玲. 体育专业篮球普修课教学优化组合探析[J].成都体育学院学报,2002.05
[41]郑 红.我国现代教学寻求最优化目标应注意的三个问题[J].哈尔滨学院学报,2001.02.
[42]冷天勇,袁吉,等.优化大学体育教学过程的理论与实践[J].吉林工学院学报,2002.06.
[43]毛 良. 优化体育教学过程的构思基点和途径[J].体育师友,2005.02.
[44]王家英,严 宇. 论学校体育教学方法的优化选择[J].体育成人教育学刊,2004.06.
[45]张利刚. 普通高校篮球选项课教学优化组合探析[J].运城学院学报,2006.04
[46]Giovanni B Moneta, Christy M Y Siu. Trait intrinsic and extrinsic motivations, academic performance, and creativity in Hong Kong college students. Journal of College Student Development,2002.43(5):664— 682
[47]Kimberly D Elsbach, Roderick M Kramer. Assessing creativity in Hollywood pitch meetings: Evidence for a dual-process model of creativity judgements. Academy of management Joural,2003.46(3):283
[48]Glasser, W.(1997)“Choice Theory”andstudentssuccess. The Education Digest.November, 1997, Volume 63 NO. 3. 16-17
[49]Light,P.H. and Mevarech,Z.R.(1992), Cooperative Learning with Computers: an introduction, Learning and Instruction, Vol.18,No.3., pp.155-159
[50]Bosworth Kris.“Developing Collaborative Skills in College Students.” Collaborative Learning: Underlying Processes and Effective Techniques 1994