基于DSP的指纹图像识别方法
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摘要
随着网络时代的到来,传统的身份识别方法比如交易密码,银行账号等已经逐渐不能满足现今人们对安全的需要。生物特征识别是利用人体自身成长过程中自带的生理特征来进行身份识别,这种方式无需记忆方便易行,且具有长期稳定型,与传统身份识别相比具有无可比拟的优势,是未来身份识别发展的主流方向。
指纹识别在人类发展的历史长河中,有着悠久的历史和重要的作用,1960年至今,人们已经为指纹数据建立了电子档案。人工查对指纹的工作单调、枯燥,往往要花很长的时间,并且容易出现错误和判断。因此,人们建立了辅助人工鉴别的计算机指纹分析系统。时至今日,指纹识别已经完全依赖于计算机技术,优秀的算法成为提高鉴别精度和速度的关键。
本文设计了基于TMS320VC5501 DSP的嵌入式指纹识别系统,分析了指纹的特征,建立了指纹的数学模型。对指纹图像进行预处理,通过对采集到的指纹图像进行分析,使用模式算法进行指纹分割、均值、取其对象等方法获取需要的真实的指纹信息。采用空间低通滤波法,对指纹图像进行平滑处理。独创性的使用蛇模型方法来实现对指纹图像的特征提取。使用模板匹配的方式对已提取的特征点进行有效的匹配。本文通过CCS3.0软件,成功的把指纹预处理算法以及特征值提取算法移植到TI公司的TMS320VC5501型高速DSP处理器中,实现了指纹识别系统的硬件匹配并达到了预期的效果。
With the advent of the Internet age, the traditional identification methods like trading passwords, bank account number has been gradually unable to meet the needs of modern people to safety. Biometrics is the use of the body's own process of growth that comes with physical characteristics for identification, you don’t have to remember anything in this way and it’s easily to work. What’s more, it has a long-term stable, compared with the traditional identification with the unparalleled advantage, is the future Identifying the direction of the mainstream of development.
The development of fingerprint identification in human history, has a long history and important role, since 1960, it has been established for the fingerprint data in electronic files. Artificial fingerprint check work monotonous, boring, like always take a long time, and error-prone judgments. Therefore, people build a secondary analysis of artificial fingerprint identification computer system. Today, fingerprint identification has been completely inseparable from the computer, the best method to improve identification accuracy and speed as the key.
This article is designed based on TMS320VC5501 DSP embedded fingerprint identification system that analyzes the characteristics of the fingerprint to establish the fingerprint of the mathematical model. The fingerprint image preprocessing, collected through the analysis of fingerprint images, fingerprint segmentation algorithm using the mode, mean, whichever is the object and other methods of getting to the real fingerprint. Low-pass filter using space on the fingerprint image smoothing. Original use of full snake model approach to achieve the fingerprint image feature extraction. Template matching method using the extracted features have been effectively match point. By CCS3.0 software, the success of the preprocessing algorithm and the fingerprint feature extraction and matching algorithms to TI's TMS320VC5501 DSP processor speed to achieve the hardware matches the fingerprint identification system and achieve the desired good results.
指纹识别在人类发展的历史长河中,有着悠久的历史和重要的作用,1960年至今,人们已经为指纹数据建立了电子档案。人工查对指纹的工作单调、枯燥,往往要花很长的时间,并且容易出现错误和判断。因此,人们建立了辅助人工鉴别的计算机指纹分析系统。时至今日,指纹识别已经完全依赖于计算机技术,优秀的算法成为提高鉴别精度和速度的关键。
本文设计了基于TMS320VC5501 DSP的嵌入式指纹识别系统,分析了指纹的特征,建立了指纹的数学模型。对指纹图像进行预处理,通过对采集到的指纹图像进行分析,使用模式算法进行指纹分割、均值、取其对象等方法获取需要的真实的指纹信息。采用空间低通滤波法,对指纹图像进行平滑处理。独创性的使用蛇模型方法来实现对指纹图像的特征提取。使用模板匹配的方式对已提取的特征点进行有效的匹配。本文通过CCS3.0软件,成功的把指纹预处理算法以及特征值提取算法移植到TI公司的TMS320VC5501型高速DSP处理器中,实现了指纹识别系统的硬件匹配并达到了预期的效果。
With the advent of the Internet age, the traditional identification methods like trading passwords, bank account number has been gradually unable to meet the needs of modern people to safety. Biometrics is the use of the body's own process of growth that comes with physical characteristics for identification, you don’t have to remember anything in this way and it’s easily to work. What’s more, it has a long-term stable, compared with the traditional identification with the unparalleled advantage, is the future Identifying the direction of the mainstream of development.
The development of fingerprint identification in human history, has a long history and important role, since 1960, it has been established for the fingerprint data in electronic files. Artificial fingerprint check work monotonous, boring, like always take a long time, and error-prone judgments. Therefore, people build a secondary analysis of artificial fingerprint identification computer system. Today, fingerprint identification has been completely inseparable from the computer, the best method to improve identification accuracy and speed as the key.
This article is designed based on TMS320VC5501 DSP embedded fingerprint identification system that analyzes the characteristics of the fingerprint to establish the fingerprint of the mathematical model. The fingerprint image preprocessing, collected through the analysis of fingerprint images, fingerprint segmentation algorithm using the mode, mean, whichever is the object and other methods of getting to the real fingerprint. Low-pass filter using space on the fingerprint image smoothing. Original use of full snake model approach to achieve the fingerprint image feature extraction. Template matching method using the extracted features have been effectively match point. By CCS3.0 software, the success of the preprocessing algorithm and the fingerprint feature extraction and matching algorithms to TI's TMS320VC5501 DSP processor speed to achieve the hardware matches the fingerprint identification system and achieve the desired good results.
引文
[1] KAWAGOE M, TOJO A. Fingerprint spattern classlfication[J]. Pattern Recognition,1984,17(3):295-303.
[2]郭一博.生物特征识别技术最新动向[J].中国安防产品信息,2004,12(2):1~6.
[3]张成,周媛媛,林嘉宇.指纹采集技术及其发展趋势[J].电子技术应用,2004,11(2):1~7.
[4]杨若冰.指纹识别在各国的发展[J].中国防伪报道,2005:2~3.
[5]李昊,傅羲.Visual C++指纹模式识别系统算法及实现.北京:人民邮电出版社,2008,20~40.
[6] A.R.Rao. A Taxonomy for Texture Description and Identification, 1990:87-96.
[7] B.M.Mehtre. Fingerprint Image Analysis for Automatic Identification.Machine Vision and Application. 1993, (6):124-139.
[8] L.Hong, Y.F.Wan, A.Jain. Fingerprint Image EnhancementAlgorithm and Performance Evaluation.IEEE Trans.Pattern Analysis and MachineIntelligence. 1998, 20(8):777-789
[9]叶四民,陈福祥.指纹图像预处理中的二值化技术.自动化与仪器仪表,2001,94(2):30~33.
[10]李建华,马小妹,郭成安.基于方向图的动态阈值指纹图像二值化方法[M] .2002,42(5):626~628.
[11] D.K.Isenor, S.G.Zaky. Fingerprint Identification Using Graph Matching. Pattern Recognition, 1986, 19(2):113-122.
[12]何斌,马天予,王运坚等编著.Visua C++数字图像处理[M].北京:人民邮电出版社2001.30~45.
[13]杨若冰.指纹识别在各国的发展[J].中国防伪报道,2005:2~3.
[15] L. Hong. Automatic Personal Identification Using Fingerprint. Ph. D thesis, Michigan State University. 1998:32-65.
[16] N.Ratha, K. Karu, S.Chen, A.K. Jain. A Real-Time Matching System for Large Fingerprint Databases.IEEE Trans.Pattern Analysis and MachineIntelligence, 1996, 18(8):799-813.
[17]冯美仙,袁红梅.指纹特征提取的算法研究.大庆师范学院学报.2008,28(5) :1~4.
[18]柴晓光,岑宝炽.民用指纹识别技术[M],北京:人民邮电出版社,2004,101~104.
[19] M.Tico, P. Kuosmanen. Fingerprint Matching Using an Orientation-based Minutia Descriptor.IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence. 2003, 5(8):1009-1014.
[20] T Kamei. Image filter design for fingerprint enhancement. proc《ISCV’95》[C]. 1995, 109-114.
[21]蒙丽彬,赵进创,傅文利.一种改进的基于Gabor滤波的指纹增强算法[J].微计算机信息.2006,22(3):297~299.
[22]王业琳,宁新宝,尹义龙.指纹图像细化算法的研究[J].南京大学学报. 2003,7(39):469~470.
[23] B. M. Mehrte, N. N. Murthy, S. Kappor, Segmentation of Fingerprrint Images Using the Directional Images, attern Recognition, 1987, 0(4):429-435.
[24] Sanjay Ranade,Asriel Rosenfeld.Point pattern matching by relaxation pattern Recognition,1980,5:269-275.
[25]杨小青,杨浩,杨夏.指纹方向图算法研究与实现[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2008,8(30):142~146.
[26]漆远,田洁,邓翔.基于遗传算法的指纹图匹配算法及应用[J].软件学报,2000,11(4):488~493.
[27] Nirwan Ansari, Ming-Hwang Chen, Edwin S. H. Hou . Point pattern matching by genetic algorithm, 1990, 1, 1233-1238.
[28] Kovacs-Vajna, Z. M. A. Fingerprint verification system based on triangular matching and dynamic time warping.IEEE Transactions on pattern analysis and matching intelligence.2000,22(11):1266-1276.
[29] A. K. Jain, L.Hong, R. Bolle, on-line fingerprint verification.IEEE Trans on pattern anal and machine intell, 1997, 19(4):302-314.
[30]王建永,郭成安.一种基于局部结构信息的指纹伪特征滤除算法[J].中国图像图形学报,2003,8(12):105~111.
[31]刘军波,马利庄.改进的基于Gabor滤波器的指纹增强算法[J].计算机工程,2005,31(15):146~147.
[32] Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Matching Intelligence. 1997, l:27-39.
[33]陈昌,徐晓明.指纹预处理中的图像增强.中国科技信息.2005(24A):32-32..
[34] A P Fitz, R J Green.Fingerprint classification using a hexagonal fast Fourier transform. Pattern Recognition. 1996, 29(10):1587-1597.
[35]张明,吴陈,陈楠.基于方向滤波的指纹图像增强算法[J].微机发展.2005,15(6):85~87.
[36]崔蓓蓓.基于实数形式Gabor变换的虹膜识别[J].计算机安全.2008,(10):3~5.
[37]孔华锋,鲁宏伟,冯悦.基于二维Gabor小波特征的三维人脸识别算法[J].计算机工程.2008,34(17):200~202.
[38] Q. Xiao, H.Raafat. Fingerprint Image Post Processing:a Combined Statistical and Structural Approach. Pattern Recognition. 1991, 24(10):985-992.
[39]邵志勇,温春友,田莹.指纹图像二值方法的比较研究[J] .鞍山科技大学学报2004,27(3):186~189.
[40]魏鸿磊,欧宗瑛,甘树坤,张海东.采用逐级配准和分值加权的指纹匹配算法[J] .计算机辅助设计与图形学学报.2006,18(6):832~836.
[41] A. Almansa, T. Lindeberg. Fingerprint Enhancement by Shape Adaptation of Scale-space Operators with Automation ScaleSelection.IEEE Transactions on Image Processing. 2000, 9(12):2027-2042.
[42] Stockman G, Kopstein S, Benett S.Matching images to models for registration and detection via elustering[J].IEEE, Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 1982, 4(3):229-241.
[43]龙占超,蔡超.一种新的指纹细化算法[J].计算机技术与发展.2007,17(3):147~149.
[44]廖开阳,张学东,章明珠.新的指纹图像快速细化算法[J].计算机工程与应用.2008.44(5):93~95.
[45] Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Matching Intelligence.1997, l:27-39.
[46]王崇文,李见为.指纹细节特征提取与剪枝[J].光电工程,2002,4:68-71.
[47]陈宏,田捷.检验配准模式的指纹匹配算法[J] .软件学报,2005,16(6):1046-1053.
[48]魏鸿磊,欧宗瑛,甘树坤,张海东.采用逐级配准和分值加权的指纹匹配算法[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报.2006,18(6):832~836.
[49] Dinesh P Mital, Eam Khwang Teoh.An automated matehing technique forfingerprint identification[J].First International Conference on Knowledge-based Intelligent Electronic Systems, 1997, 5:21-23.
[50]李实英,杨高波.特征提取与图像处理(第二版).北京:电子工业出版社,2010.
[51] N.Ratha, K.Karu, S.Chen, A. K. Jain.A Real-Time Matching System for Large Fingerprint Databases.IEEE Transactions Pattern Anal and Machine Intel. 1996, 18(8):799-813.
[52]王建勇.指纹图像的特征提取与匹配:[硕士学位论文].杭州:浙江大学,2003.
[53]孙肖子.基于FPGA的嵌入式系统设计[M].西安:电子科技大学出版社,2004.
[54]赵鹏飞.基于TMS320C5402 DSP的指纹识别系统研究[D].中北大学,2006.
[55]刘益成.TMS320C54x DSP应用程序设计与开发[M].北京:航空航天大学出版社,2002,5.
[2]郭一博.生物特征识别技术最新动向[J].中国安防产品信息,2004,12(2):1~6.
[3]张成,周媛媛,林嘉宇.指纹采集技术及其发展趋势[J].电子技术应用,2004,11(2):1~7.
[4]杨若冰.指纹识别在各国的发展[J].中国防伪报道,2005:2~3.
[5]李昊,傅羲.Visual C++指纹模式识别系统算法及实现.北京:人民邮电出版社,2008,20~40.
[6] A.R.Rao. A Taxonomy for Texture Description and Identification, 1990:87-96.
[7] B.M.Mehtre. Fingerprint Image Analysis for Automatic Identification.Machine Vision and Application. 1993, (6):124-139.
[8] L.Hong, Y.F.Wan, A.Jain. Fingerprint Image EnhancementAlgorithm and Performance Evaluation.IEEE Trans.Pattern Analysis and MachineIntelligence. 1998, 20(8):777-789
[9]叶四民,陈福祥.指纹图像预处理中的二值化技术.自动化与仪器仪表,2001,94(2):30~33.
[10]李建华,马小妹,郭成安.基于方向图的动态阈值指纹图像二值化方法[M] .2002,42(5):626~628.
[11] D.K.Isenor, S.G.Zaky. Fingerprint Identification Using Graph Matching. Pattern Recognition, 1986, 19(2):113-122.
[12]何斌,马天予,王运坚等编著.Visua C++数字图像处理[M].北京:人民邮电出版社2001.30~45.
[13]杨若冰.指纹识别在各国的发展[J].中国防伪报道,2005:2~3.
[15] L. Hong. Automatic Personal Identification Using Fingerprint. Ph. D thesis, Michigan State University. 1998:32-65.
[16] N.Ratha, K. Karu, S.Chen, A.K. Jain. A Real-Time Matching System for Large Fingerprint Databases.IEEE Trans.Pattern Analysis and MachineIntelligence, 1996, 18(8):799-813.
[17]冯美仙,袁红梅.指纹特征提取的算法研究.大庆师范学院学报.2008,28(5) :1~4.
[18]柴晓光,岑宝炽.民用指纹识别技术[M],北京:人民邮电出版社,2004,101~104.
[19] M.Tico, P. Kuosmanen. Fingerprint Matching Using an Orientation-based Minutia Descriptor.IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence. 2003, 5(8):1009-1014.
[20] T Kamei. Image filter design for fingerprint enhancement. proc《ISCV’95》[C]. 1995, 109-114.
[21]蒙丽彬,赵进创,傅文利.一种改进的基于Gabor滤波的指纹增强算法[J].微计算机信息.2006,22(3):297~299.
[22]王业琳,宁新宝,尹义龙.指纹图像细化算法的研究[J].南京大学学报. 2003,7(39):469~470.
[23] B. M. Mehrte, N. N. Murthy, S. Kappor, Segmentation of Fingerprrint Images Using the Directional Images, attern Recognition, 1987, 0(4):429-435.
[24] Sanjay Ranade,Asriel Rosenfeld.Point pattern matching by relaxation pattern Recognition,1980,5:269-275.
[25]杨小青,杨浩,杨夏.指纹方向图算法研究与实现[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2008,8(30):142~146.
[26]漆远,田洁,邓翔.基于遗传算法的指纹图匹配算法及应用[J].软件学报,2000,11(4):488~493.
[27] Nirwan Ansari, Ming-Hwang Chen, Edwin S. H. Hou . Point pattern matching by genetic algorithm, 1990, 1, 1233-1238.
[28] Kovacs-Vajna, Z. M. A. Fingerprint verification system based on triangular matching and dynamic time warping.IEEE Transactions on pattern analysis and matching intelligence.2000,22(11):1266-1276.
[29] A. K. Jain, L.Hong, R. Bolle, on-line fingerprint verification.IEEE Trans on pattern anal and machine intell, 1997, 19(4):302-314.
[30]王建永,郭成安.一种基于局部结构信息的指纹伪特征滤除算法[J].中国图像图形学报,2003,8(12):105~111.
[31]刘军波,马利庄.改进的基于Gabor滤波器的指纹增强算法[J].计算机工程,2005,31(15):146~147.
[32] Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Matching Intelligence. 1997, l:27-39.
[33]陈昌,徐晓明.指纹预处理中的图像增强.中国科技信息.2005(24A):32-32..
[34] A P Fitz, R J Green.Fingerprint classification using a hexagonal fast Fourier transform. Pattern Recognition. 1996, 29(10):1587-1597.
[35]张明,吴陈,陈楠.基于方向滤波的指纹图像增强算法[J].微机发展.2005,15(6):85~87.
[36]崔蓓蓓.基于实数形式Gabor变换的虹膜识别[J].计算机安全.2008,(10):3~5.
[37]孔华锋,鲁宏伟,冯悦.基于二维Gabor小波特征的三维人脸识别算法[J].计算机工程.2008,34(17):200~202.
[38] Q. Xiao, H.Raafat. Fingerprint Image Post Processing:a Combined Statistical and Structural Approach. Pattern Recognition. 1991, 24(10):985-992.
[39]邵志勇,温春友,田莹.指纹图像二值方法的比较研究[J] .鞍山科技大学学报2004,27(3):186~189.
[40]魏鸿磊,欧宗瑛,甘树坤,张海东.采用逐级配准和分值加权的指纹匹配算法[J] .计算机辅助设计与图形学学报.2006,18(6):832~836.
[41] A. Almansa, T. Lindeberg. Fingerprint Enhancement by Shape Adaptation of Scale-space Operators with Automation ScaleSelection.IEEE Transactions on Image Processing. 2000, 9(12):2027-2042.
[42] Stockman G, Kopstein S, Benett S.Matching images to models for registration and detection via elustering[J].IEEE, Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 1982, 4(3):229-241.
[43]龙占超,蔡超.一种新的指纹细化算法[J].计算机技术与发展.2007,17(3):147~149.
[44]廖开阳,张学东,章明珠.新的指纹图像快速细化算法[J].计算机工程与应用.2008.44(5):93~95.
[45] Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Matching Intelligence.1997, l:27-39.
[46]王崇文,李见为.指纹细节特征提取与剪枝[J].光电工程,2002,4:68-71.
[47]陈宏,田捷.检验配准模式的指纹匹配算法[J] .软件学报,2005,16(6):1046-1053.
[48]魏鸿磊,欧宗瑛,甘树坤,张海东.采用逐级配准和分值加权的指纹匹配算法[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报.2006,18(6):832~836.
[49] Dinesh P Mital, Eam Khwang Teoh.An automated matehing technique forfingerprint identification[J].First International Conference on Knowledge-based Intelligent Electronic Systems, 1997, 5:21-23.
[50]李实英,杨高波.特征提取与图像处理(第二版).北京:电子工业出版社,2010.
[51] N.Ratha, K.Karu, S.Chen, A. K. Jain.A Real-Time Matching System for Large Fingerprint Databases.IEEE Transactions Pattern Anal and Machine Intel. 1996, 18(8):799-813.
[52]王建勇.指纹图像的特征提取与匹配:[硕士学位论文].杭州:浙江大学,2003.
[53]孙肖子.基于FPGA的嵌入式系统设计[M].西安:电子科技大学出版社,2004.
[54]赵鹏飞.基于TMS320C5402 DSP的指纹识别系统研究[D].中北大学,2006.
[55]刘益成.TMS320C54x DSP应用程序设计与开发[M].北京:航空航天大学出版社,2002,5.