污泥堆肥过程中多环芳烃降解及转化的研究
摘要
青岛市李村河污水处理厂污泥中含有较高浓度的有毒有害物质多环芳烃,如果不经过处理直接农业利用会导致土壤和作物的污染。针对上述问题,本研究通过堆肥过程对该厂的消化污泥进行了减量化、无害化、资源化的研究,在分析堆肥过程中堆肥产品的物理化学特征和生物特征的情况下,系统地分析了堆肥产品中多环芳烃降解及转化规律,将为堆肥产品农业利用的环境效应的评估提供可靠的理论依据。
本论文通过强制通风堆肥装置,采用消化污泥、木屑和回流污泥作为堆肥原料,进行了四组对比实验。每组实验都在3-5天左右达到55℃以上的高温期,并且高温期可以维持5天以上,在30天左右达到腐熟。在不同的堆肥时期,细菌、真菌和放线菌具有不同的演化规律,其中细菌和真菌是先升高后降低,而放线菌是逐渐降低。种子发芽指数(GI)在堆肥末期超过了80%,大肠杆菌数量降到约102个/g干重。实验结果表明,青岛市李村河污水处理厂消化污泥和木屑堆肥是可行的。
本论文进行不同配比的污泥堆肥过程中多环芳烃(PAHs)的降解及转化的对比研究效果,发现污泥:木屑:回流污泥=1:1:1的降解效果要好于污泥:木屑:回流污泥=2:1:1的降解效果。堆肥过程中单个PAHs化合物的含量变化分析结果表明,污泥堆肥与原污泥中都是萘的含量明显的比其它PAHs化合物的含量高。除了萘以外,总体上来说,两者都是中等分子量的3个和4个苯环的化合物的含量较高,而低分子量的2个苯环和高分子量的5个苯环的含量不是很高。∑PAHs都是在高温期有显著的降低,而在冷却和后腐熟期趋于稳定。而对于∑(PAHs)carc,实验III的变化趋势与∑PAHs相似,但实验IV中∑(PAHs)carc降解趋势不明显,原因是原污泥中∑(PAHs)carc的含量低的原因。
污泥堆肥产品中PAHs的含量、分布模式及其降解效果与原污泥中PAHs的特征密切相关。从实验结果可知,城市污泥与木屑进行堆肥处理以降低其中PAHs的含量达到农用的目的是可行的。
There are polynuclear aromatic hydrocabons (PAHs) with high concentration in digested sludge of Licunhe sewage treatment plant. If PAHs can not be treated and untilized by agriculture, soil and crops will be polluted. Considing the aforementioned question, the digested sludge in Licunhe sewage treatment plant was composted, and made it reduction, unharm and resource. Under analyzing phsico-chemical and biological characteristics, the degradation and transformation of PAHs was also investigated, and it will provide scientific basis for environmental effect evaluation of composting product in agriculture untilization.
In this study, digested sludge, sawdust and reflux sludge acted as composting materials, and four groups experiment have been carried. Each group experiment arrived at high temperature from the 3th day to the 5th day. The bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes had different successional changes. The bacteria and fungi were first rise and then degrade, and actinomycetes kept the degradating tredency. The cress seed germination index (GI), used as indicator of phytotoxicity and maturation of compost , exhibited that the sludge compost was almost stabilized and mature near the 31th day of composting , and 80% of GI were obtained. In addition, E. Coli ,as a common indicator of pathogens in sludge , reduced to 102 in the final examination of the compost. The experiment results shows compost of digested sludge of Licunhe sewage treatment plant and sawdust is feasible.
Degradation and transformation of PAHs in different ratio of sludge and sawdust was also studied. The Ratio of sludge, sawdust and reflux with 1, 1 and 1 had higher efficiency than the ratio of sludge, sawdust and reflux with 2, 1 and 1. The content of naphthalene was higher than other PAHs in composting products and raw sludge. Besides naphthalene, medium molecular weights with 3-, 4-benzene rings concentration has higher concentration distribution pattern, and low molecular weights with 2-benzene rings and high molecular weights with 5-benzene rings has low concentration..∑PAH has significant degradation, and the period of cooling kept stable. The∑(PAHs)carc had the same trendency with the∑PAHs in experiment III,however, degradation of∑(PAHs)carc in experiment IV is not significant.
PAHs Content, distribution pattern and degradation effect is connected with characteristics of PAHs in raw sludge. The experimental results show that composting of municipal sludge and sawdust is feasible for degrading PAHs and meet the standard of agriculatre utilization.
本论文通过强制通风堆肥装置,采用消化污泥、木屑和回流污泥作为堆肥原料,进行了四组对比实验。每组实验都在3-5天左右达到55℃以上的高温期,并且高温期可以维持5天以上,在30天左右达到腐熟。在不同的堆肥时期,细菌、真菌和放线菌具有不同的演化规律,其中细菌和真菌是先升高后降低,而放线菌是逐渐降低。种子发芽指数(GI)在堆肥末期超过了80%,大肠杆菌数量降到约102个/g干重。实验结果表明,青岛市李村河污水处理厂消化污泥和木屑堆肥是可行的。
本论文进行不同配比的污泥堆肥过程中多环芳烃(PAHs)的降解及转化的对比研究效果,发现污泥:木屑:回流污泥=1:1:1的降解效果要好于污泥:木屑:回流污泥=2:1:1的降解效果。堆肥过程中单个PAHs化合物的含量变化分析结果表明,污泥堆肥与原污泥中都是萘的含量明显的比其它PAHs化合物的含量高。除了萘以外,总体上来说,两者都是中等分子量的3个和4个苯环的化合物的含量较高,而低分子量的2个苯环和高分子量的5个苯环的含量不是很高。∑PAHs都是在高温期有显著的降低,而在冷却和后腐熟期趋于稳定。而对于∑(PAHs)carc,实验III的变化趋势与∑PAHs相似,但实验IV中∑(PAHs)carc降解趋势不明显,原因是原污泥中∑(PAHs)carc的含量低的原因。
污泥堆肥产品中PAHs的含量、分布模式及其降解效果与原污泥中PAHs的特征密切相关。从实验结果可知,城市污泥与木屑进行堆肥处理以降低其中PAHs的含量达到农用的目的是可行的。
There are polynuclear aromatic hydrocabons (PAHs) with high concentration in digested sludge of Licunhe sewage treatment plant. If PAHs can not be treated and untilized by agriculture, soil and crops will be polluted. Considing the aforementioned question, the digested sludge in Licunhe sewage treatment plant was composted, and made it reduction, unharm and resource. Under analyzing phsico-chemical and biological characteristics, the degradation and transformation of PAHs was also investigated, and it will provide scientific basis for environmental effect evaluation of composting product in agriculture untilization.
In this study, digested sludge, sawdust and reflux sludge acted as composting materials, and four groups experiment have been carried. Each group experiment arrived at high temperature from the 3th day to the 5th day. The bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes had different successional changes. The bacteria and fungi were first rise and then degrade, and actinomycetes kept the degradating tredency. The cress seed germination index (GI), used as indicator of phytotoxicity and maturation of compost , exhibited that the sludge compost was almost stabilized and mature near the 31th day of composting , and 80% of GI were obtained. In addition, E. Coli ,as a common indicator of pathogens in sludge , reduced to 102 in the final examination of the compost. The experiment results shows compost of digested sludge of Licunhe sewage treatment plant and sawdust is feasible.
Degradation and transformation of PAHs in different ratio of sludge and sawdust was also studied. The Ratio of sludge, sawdust and reflux with 1, 1 and 1 had higher efficiency than the ratio of sludge, sawdust and reflux with 2, 1 and 1. The content of naphthalene was higher than other PAHs in composting products and raw sludge. Besides naphthalene, medium molecular weights with 3-, 4-benzene rings concentration has higher concentration distribution pattern, and low molecular weights with 2-benzene rings and high molecular weights with 5-benzene rings has low concentration..∑PAH has significant degradation, and the period of cooling kept stable. The∑(PAHs)carc had the same trendency with the∑PAHs in experiment III,however, degradation of∑(PAHs)carc in experiment IV is not significant.
PAHs Content, distribution pattern and degradation effect is connected with characteristics of PAHs in raw sludge. The experimental results show that composting of municipal sludge and sawdust is feasible for degrading PAHs and meet the standard of agriculatre utilization.
引文
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