苦瓜对黄足黑守瓜的抗虫性及抗虫性物质的初步研究
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摘要
苦瓜(Momordica charantia L.)整个生长过程中,只有瓜实蝇、瓜蚜、瓜绢螟等少数几种植食性昆虫可以取食为害,对大多数植食性昆虫表现出明显的抗虫性,根据昆虫与植物的关系和植物化学防御理论,这可能与苦瓜植株中含有某类抗虫性次生物质有关,本文就此对苦瓜叶中所含有的次生化合物运用生物活性追踪的方法,进行了系统的分离,初步测定了苦瓜叶中的次生物质对黄足黑守瓜(Aulacophora cattigarensis Weise)成虫取食影响,主要结果如下:
(1)采用有机溶剂浸提法,从苦瓜叶中获得的各种粗提物对黄足黑守瓜成虫表现出的拒食活性各异,而以苦瓜叶氯仿粗提物对黄足黑守瓜成虫取食拒食活性最高,其拒食活性随着浓度的升高而增强,在浓度8mg/mL下拒食率达到100%,且在48h内随时间变化在非选择性和选择性条件下的拒食效果表现出增强的趋势。
(2)采用硅胶柱色谱分离法,对苦瓜叶氯仿粗提物进一步分离,得到K1～K11等11个分离组分,在非选择条件下,以1mg/mL浓度处理后,11个组分对黄足黑守瓜成虫拒食活性各异,其中以K4和K9对黄足黑守瓜成虫取食拒食活性最高,其拒食活性在48h内随时间变化,其拒食效果表现出增强的趋势。
(3)采用固相微萃取法,充分提取到了苦瓜挥发性次生物质,利用GC/MS联用仪,鉴定出苦瓜挥发性次生物质有69个组分,其中挥发成分鉴定结果的主要成分:(Z)-3-已烯-1-醇32.57%,正三十四烷16.34%,棕榈醛10.33%,6,6-二甲基-二环[3.1.1]庚-2-烯-2-甲醇5.28%,γ-生育酚3.86%。
Momordica charantia L.was harmed by the minority of phytophagous insects such as Bactrocera cucurbitae,Aphis gossypii Glover,Diaphania indica etc.during the whole growth period,which displayed strong resistance to lots of phytophagous insects.On insect-plant relationship and chemical defence theory,Momordica charantia L.contains resistant substances to pests which yielded by secondary metabolism.This paper validated the existence of resistant substances in leaves.The antifeeding effects of extracts on Aulacophora cattigarensis Weise adults were proved by bioassay.The main results are as follows:
(1)Introducing the organic solvents extraction methods,the chloroform extract had the highest antifeeding activity among all the extracts extracted from the leaves of Momordica charantia L.against Aulacophora cattigarensis Weise adults.The antifeeding effect enhanced followed with concentration increased.The rate of antifeeding effects were 100%at 8mg/mL by selected and unselected test.The antifeedant effect treated after 48 hours was stronger than after 24 hours.
(2)11 fractions were attained from chloroform extract by Silica Column Chromatography.K4 and K9 had the strongest antifeedant effect under unselected condition against Aulacophora cattigarensis Weise adults at 1mg/mL,and the antifeedant effect increased after 48 hours.
(3)Volatile substances were collected by SPME(Solid-phase Microextraction).69 components were identified from it using GC-MS,the main components were 3-Hexen-1-ol,(Z)-(32.57%),Tetratriacontanel (6.34%),Palmitaldehydel(0.33%),Bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene-2-methanol, 6,6-dimethyl-(5.28%),gamma.-Tocopherol(3.86%).
(1)采用有机溶剂浸提法,从苦瓜叶中获得的各种粗提物对黄足黑守瓜成虫表现出的拒食活性各异,而以苦瓜叶氯仿粗提物对黄足黑守瓜成虫取食拒食活性最高,其拒食活性随着浓度的升高而增强,在浓度8mg/mL下拒食率达到100%,且在48h内随时间变化在非选择性和选择性条件下的拒食效果表现出增强的趋势。
(2)采用硅胶柱色谱分离法,对苦瓜叶氯仿粗提物进一步分离,得到K1～K11等11个分离组分,在非选择条件下,以1mg/mL浓度处理后,11个组分对黄足黑守瓜成虫拒食活性各异,其中以K4和K9对黄足黑守瓜成虫取食拒食活性最高,其拒食活性在48h内随时间变化,其拒食效果表现出增强的趋势。
(3)采用固相微萃取法,充分提取到了苦瓜挥发性次生物质,利用GC/MS联用仪,鉴定出苦瓜挥发性次生物质有69个组分,其中挥发成分鉴定结果的主要成分:(Z)-3-已烯-1-醇32.57%,正三十四烷16.34%,棕榈醛10.33%,6,6-二甲基-二环[3.1.1]庚-2-烯-2-甲醇5.28%,γ-生育酚3.86%。
Momordica charantia L.was harmed by the minority of phytophagous insects such as Bactrocera cucurbitae,Aphis gossypii Glover,Diaphania indica etc.during the whole growth period,which displayed strong resistance to lots of phytophagous insects.On insect-plant relationship and chemical defence theory,Momordica charantia L.contains resistant substances to pests which yielded by secondary metabolism.This paper validated the existence of resistant substances in leaves.The antifeeding effects of extracts on Aulacophora cattigarensis Weise adults were proved by bioassay.The main results are as follows:
(1)Introducing the organic solvents extraction methods,the chloroform extract had the highest antifeeding activity among all the extracts extracted from the leaves of Momordica charantia L.against Aulacophora cattigarensis Weise adults.The antifeeding effect enhanced followed with concentration increased.The rate of antifeeding effects were 100%at 8mg/mL by selected and unselected test.The antifeedant effect treated after 48 hours was stronger than after 24 hours.
(2)11 fractions were attained from chloroform extract by Silica Column Chromatography.K4 and K9 had the strongest antifeedant effect under unselected condition against Aulacophora cattigarensis Weise adults at 1mg/mL,and the antifeedant effect increased after 48 hours.
(3)Volatile substances were collected by SPME(Solid-phase Microextraction).69 components were identified from it using GC-MS,the main components were 3-Hexen-1-ol,(Z)-(32.57%),Tetratriacontanel (6.34%),Palmitaldehydel(0.33%),Bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene-2-methanol, 6,6-dimethyl-(5.28%),gamma.-Tocopherol(3.86%).
引文
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