基于EMC风险系数的效益分享模型研究
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摘要
我国一直是单位GDP能耗最高的国家之一,面临着能源浪费严重、能源利用效率低下等亟待解决的问题,而合同能源管理是一种基于市场运作的全新的节能机制,对于我国实施可持续发展、建设节约型社会以及推进整个社会的节能工作具有非常重要的现实意义。
本文研究的主要目的在于合理确定合同能源管理项目参与方的节能效益分享机制。首先,文章介绍了研究背景、意义、国内外研究现状、主要研究方法、主要研究内容、论文的创新点以及所遇到的问题,同时对合同能源管理的相关理论知识以及我国和国外的合同能源管理发展情况进行了研究;其次,论文对基于EMC的风险系数的效益分享模型进行了研究,介绍了合同能源管理项目的商业运作模式、合同能源管理项目的风险概述、动态联盟效益分配理论、合同能源管理项目效益分享的理论基础以及基于EMC风险系数的效益分享模型的建立。再次,以某节能服务公司对某高尚小区停车库进行LED照明改造项目进行了实证研究,介绍了该改造项目的基本背景,接着通过层次分析法和模糊综合评价法等方法对基于EMC风险系数的效益分享模型进行求解,比较合理地确定了本合同能源管理项目的效益分享额、双方的节能效益分享比例和分享额度以及两者之间的节能效益分享期限,取得了比较好的效果。最后,就合同能源管理项目参与方节能效益分享机制的研究,并针对我国合同能源管理发展的情况,提出了推进我国合同能源管理发展的对策措施。
China has been one of the highest energy consumption countries about per unit of GDP and facing serious waste of energy, low energy efficiency and other problems to be solved, however, contract energy management is the new energy-efficient mechanism of the market-based operation that it has a very important practical significance for implementing sustainable development and building saving-oriented society and promoting energy conservation in society as a whole.
The main purpose of this study is to reasonably determine the energy efficiency sharing mechanism of the project participants of the energy management contract. First of all, the paper will introduce the background and significance of the topic, the research status of home and abroad, the main research methods, the main contents, the paper's innovative points and the encountered problems, and there is a study for the theory of contract energy management and the development of energy management contract of home and abroad; Secondly, the paper will have a study for the benefit sharing model of the risk factor of the energy management contracting and introduce the commercial operation of the energy management contract, the risk overview of the contract energy management project, the theory of dynamic alliance benefits distribution, the theoretical basis of the benefit sharing of the contract energy management projects as well as the building of the benefit sharing model of the risk factor of the energy management contracting; Thirdly, there is an empirical study that an energy services company conducts LED lighting retrofit for a noble residential parking garage. This chapter will introduce the basic background of the retrofit project and solve the benefit sharing model of the risk factor of the energy management contracting through analytical hierarchy process and fuzzy synthetic evaluation method and so on, it is reasonable to determine the amount and the sharing ratio and the sharing period of the energy benefit sharing of the contract energy management project and it achieves good results; Finally, This paper presents the countermeasures of the development of the energy management contracting in China in accordance with the study of the energy efficiency sharing mechanism of the project participants of the energy management contract and the development of energy management contract in china.
本文研究的主要目的在于合理确定合同能源管理项目参与方的节能效益分享机制。首先,文章介绍了研究背景、意义、国内外研究现状、主要研究方法、主要研究内容、论文的创新点以及所遇到的问题,同时对合同能源管理的相关理论知识以及我国和国外的合同能源管理发展情况进行了研究;其次,论文对基于EMC的风险系数的效益分享模型进行了研究,介绍了合同能源管理项目的商业运作模式、合同能源管理项目的风险概述、动态联盟效益分配理论、合同能源管理项目效益分享的理论基础以及基于EMC风险系数的效益分享模型的建立。再次,以某节能服务公司对某高尚小区停车库进行LED照明改造项目进行了实证研究,介绍了该改造项目的基本背景,接着通过层次分析法和模糊综合评价法等方法对基于EMC风险系数的效益分享模型进行求解,比较合理地确定了本合同能源管理项目的效益分享额、双方的节能效益分享比例和分享额度以及两者之间的节能效益分享期限,取得了比较好的效果。最后,就合同能源管理项目参与方节能效益分享机制的研究,并针对我国合同能源管理发展的情况,提出了推进我国合同能源管理发展的对策措施。
China has been one of the highest energy consumption countries about per unit of GDP and facing serious waste of energy, low energy efficiency and other problems to be solved, however, contract energy management is the new energy-efficient mechanism of the market-based operation that it has a very important practical significance for implementing sustainable development and building saving-oriented society and promoting energy conservation in society as a whole.
The main purpose of this study is to reasonably determine the energy efficiency sharing mechanism of the project participants of the energy management contract. First of all, the paper will introduce the background and significance of the topic, the research status of home and abroad, the main research methods, the main contents, the paper's innovative points and the encountered problems, and there is a study for the theory of contract energy management and the development of energy management contract of home and abroad; Secondly, the paper will have a study for the benefit sharing model of the risk factor of the energy management contracting and introduce the commercial operation of the energy management contract, the risk overview of the contract energy management project, the theory of dynamic alliance benefits distribution, the theoretical basis of the benefit sharing of the contract energy management projects as well as the building of the benefit sharing model of the risk factor of the energy management contracting; Thirdly, there is an empirical study that an energy services company conducts LED lighting retrofit for a noble residential parking garage. This chapter will introduce the basic background of the retrofit project and solve the benefit sharing model of the risk factor of the energy management contracting through analytical hierarchy process and fuzzy synthetic evaluation method and so on, it is reasonable to determine the amount and the sharing ratio and the sharing period of the energy benefit sharing of the contract energy management project and it achieves good results; Finally, This paper presents the countermeasures of the development of the energy management contracting in China in accordance with the study of the energy efficiency sharing mechanism of the project participants of the energy management contract and the development of energy management contract in china.
引文
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[2]中华人民共和国2009年国民经济和社会发展统计公报中华人民共和国国家统计局[J].北京周报(英文版),2001:32-33.
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[4]发展改革委.关于加快推行合同能源管理促进节能服务产业发展的意见[J].建设科技,2010:45-46.
[5]K.H.Ng and G.B.Sheble,Risk Management Tools for an Esco Operation,Proc.6th International Conference on Probabilistic Methods Applied to Power Systems,2000:436-438.
[6]J.P.Painnly, H.Park, M.K.Lee and J.Noh, Promoting energy effciency financing and Esco in developing countries: mechanisms and barriers.Journal of Cleaner Production, 2003:659-665.
[7]Geller, Nadel.Market Transformation Strategies to Promote End-Use Efficience.Annual Review of Energy and the Environment, 2003:301-346.
[8]Edward Vine.An international survey of the energy service company (ESCO) industry [J].Energy Policy, 2005:691-704.
[9]Daniel Berleant, Bounding and composite Value at Risk for Energy Service company with Denv, an Interval-Based Algorithm.Energy, 2005:691-704.
[10]Charles A.Goldman, Nicole C.Hopper, Julie G.Osborn, and Review of us ESCO industry market trends: an empirical analysis of project data.Engergy Policy, 2005:387-405.
[11]Even Mills, Steve Kromerb, Gray Weissc, and Paul A.Mathew, from volatility to value: analysing and managing financial and performance risk in energy savings Projects [J].Energy Policy, 2006:188-199.
[12]Adriaan Perrelsa, Katrin Ostertagb, George Henderson.Reshaping markets for the benefit of energy saving.Energy Policy, 2006:121-128.
[13]Paolo Bertoldia, Silvia Reaessyb, and Edward Vine.Energy service companise in European countries: Current status and a strategry to foster their development.Energy Policy, 2006:1818-1832.
[14]Steve Sorrell.The economics of energy service contracts [J].Energy Policy, 2007:507-521.
[15]Milou Beerepoot, Niels Beerepoot.Government regulation as an impetus innovation:evidence form energy performance regulation in the Dtuch residential buiding Sector [J].Energy Policy, 2007:4812-4825.
[16]Konstantinos D.Patlizianas,Anna Pappa,Psarras.An information decision suppo-rt system towards the formulation of mordern energy companies’environment[J].R-enewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2008:790-806.
[17]戴建如.中国合同能源管理融资模式研究[D].北京:中央财经大学,2005:97-98.
[18]田建华.合同能源管理及其实施条件[J].有色冶金节能,2005:36-37.
[19]王婷,胡珀.合同能源管理项目的风险评估[J].电力需求侧管理,2005:49-50.
[20]尚天成,潘珍妮.现代企业合同能源管理项目风险研究[J].天津大学学报(社会科学版),2007:43-44.
[21]续振艳,郭振丁.国内外合同能源管理理论与实践研究综述[J].建筑经济,2008:21-22.
[22]许超,龚廷风.合同能源管理中节能量计算方法的研究[J].暖通空调,2009:54-55.
[23]张洋.我国合同能源管理研究[D].北京:北京建筑工程学院,2008:32-34.
[24]刘德军,吕林.合同能源管理项目的风险与效益评价[J].电力需求侧管理,2009:67-68.
[25]冯小平,李少洪.既有公共建筑节能改造应用合同能源管理的模式分析[J].建筑经济,2009:43-46.
[26]陈攀峰.合同能源管理项目投资风险分析[J].河北科技师范学报,2010:90-91.
[27]周鲜华,徐勃.合同能源管理项目中的收益风险研究[J].沈阳建筑大学学报(社会科学版),2010:46-47.
[28]康艳兵,杨艳.我国节能服务产业的发展现状与展望[J].中国能源,2010:12-13.
[29]尹桂凤.合同能源管理模式下的节能量保证支付型企业会计核算[J].税务与经济,2010:72-73.
[30]邓婷.建筑设施合同能源管理机制探讨[J].经济论坛,2010:85-87.
[31]张辉.合同能源管理:模式创新与法律应对[J].生态经济,2010:72-73.
[32]Freeman R.E.Strategic management: A stakeholder approach [M].Boston: Pitman Press, 1984:24-25.
[33]于利生.谁能胜出碳排放标准之争[N].中国企业报,2010:12-13.
[34]孙海燕.市场化节能新机制—访中国节能协会节能服务产业委员会主任委员沈龙海[J].建设科技,2006:26-28.
[35]信息动态.经济管理文摘[J],2010:45-46.
[36]发展改革委.关于加快推行合同能源管理促进节能服务产业发展的意见[J].建设科技,2010:24-15.
[37]秦海.商业建筑节能改造应用合同能源管理机制研究[D].北京:北京交通大学经济管理学院,2010:9-11.
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[39]王遥.碳金融:全球视野与中国布局[M].北京:中国经济出版社,2010:67-68.
[40]沈龙海.推广合同能源管理,发展中国节能服务产业[EB/OL].[2009-04-17].http://www.esamacau.org/download/sspeaker01.pdf.
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