石油行业上游生产(勘探、开发)数据分类的研究
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摘要
当前国际、国内各大石油公司非常重视信息系统和数据库建设,目的非常明确:降低管理费用、加强质量控制、加快数据查找、缩短数据加载时间、共享数据资源、迅速掌握本公司生产经营动态信息、提高决策管理水平。
     海量、异构数据的管理和应用一直是石油行业数据库和信息系统建设的瓶颈。目前国内各家石油公司都在着力建设统一的信息管理系统,而多学科、多专业、不同类别、历史跨度巨大的海量、异构数据的管理和应用这一难题是信息化建设过程中必须解决的问题,仅中国石油某油田勘探数据库存储结构化数据就有约1GB,矢量化图形、扫描图形、文档等非结构化数据约10TB。专业更涉及地震、钻井、录井、测井、试油试采、井下作业、分析化验等。目前行业内还没有科学、成熟的方法。
     从数据分类入手、创建统一的勘探开发数据模型,用于油气勘探开发历史数据以及对新产生数据的管理,是解决上述问题的切入点。
     信息系统架构的发展从面向过程到面向对象,再到当前面向服务的架构(SOA Sevice OrientedArchitecture)。事实上,目前国内学者最近已经提出面向数据的架构(DOA Data Oriented Architecture),在DOA架构中,“数据为核心,标示为主线”是其最重要的特征。这说明从研究机构到应用企业,数据的管理和应用已成为核心。
     “石油行业上游生产(勘探、开发)数据的分类研究”这一课题,将针对油气勘探、开发生产过程中取得和形成的海量、异构数据进行分类研究,形成科学的分类方法,并应用于创建统一的勘探开发数据模型、应用于开发统一的数据管理和应用平台。本文的主要贡献和成果为:
     1、提出了一种石油行业上游生产(勘探、开发)数据的多维度(三维)分类模型(MDDCM,Multi Demension(3D) Data Categories Model)。该模型是针对油气勘探生产过程中地质、物探、钻井、录井、测井、试油、岩心、分析化验等原始和成果资料,按照数据的产生性质划分成规划计划类、运行统计类和技术成果类,从数据表现形式上可分为结构化和非结构化数据,这种分类模型有利于指导勘探工作的进行,也利于数据的共享和对应用服务平台的支持,也有利于数字油田的建设。
     2、提出了一种按照多维度(三维)数据分类模型的上游生产(勘探、开发)数据整理和数据库构建方法(MDDDCM, Multi Demension Data Integration andDatabase Construction Method)。基于多维(三维)分类模型,按照业务驱动的原则,从勘探开发业务入手,梳理主要业务流程,利用国际通行的POSC业务参考模型匹配,在对POSC业务、中石油业务以及二者之间关系的仔细分析基础上,建立起POSC业务与中石油业务的对应关系,识别出每个关键业务过程中的数据类型及数据项;在此基础上,整合、优化各业务过程中的数据类型和数据项,最终成功地构建了石油行业勘探开发一体化模型。
     3、设计和实现了一种上游生产(勘探、开发)数据的综合管理和应用系统。系统包括数据采集、数据存储、数据处理、系统应用等功能。
Current international and domestic major oil companies attach great importanceto information systems and database construction. Straightforward purpose is toreduce management costs and enhance quality control, speed up data lookup andreduce data loading time, share data resources and quickly grasp productiondynamic information, and improve decision-making management level.
     Vast amounts of heterogeneous data management and application has been thebottleneck of the oil industry database and information system. To build a unifiedinformation management system it must be addressed though those data coming frommulti-disciplinary, multi-subject, different types of historical span. Structured data inan Petrochina oil field exploration database only is about1GB, unstructured data isabout10TB including vector graphics, scanned graphics, documents and others.Disciplinary involved in includes seismic, drilling, logging, logging, oil test testmining, underground work, analysis and testing. Within the industry not yet hasscientific and mature solution.
     It is the entry point to solve the above problem that Starting from the dataclassification, creating a unified exploration and development data model and usingfor its historical data and new data management.
     The development of information systems architecture has experiencedprocess-oriented architecture, object-oriented architecture, and currentservice-oriented architecture (SOA). In fact, domestic scholars have recently beenproposed data-oriented architecture (DOA) in which data as the core and label as themain line show everywhere. This shows that data management and application hasbecome the core from research institutions to application enterprise.
     This subject, petroleum upstream production data category studying (includingexploration and development), carry out category studying on Massive, heterogeneousdata collected and formed in oil and gas exploration and development, will form ascientific category method and a uion exploration and development data model, usefor building union date mangament and apply platform. Main results of this article areas follows:
     1、MDDCM(MDDCM, Multi Demension(3D) Data Categories Model)has beenput up for oil and gas exploration and development upstream production data. Thefirst “D” is oil and gas business, from it data can be category into geology,geophysical prospecting, drilling and so on; the second “D” is data property ofproduction, from it data can be category into planning, operating and achievement,the third “D” is data manifestation, from it data can be category into Structured dataand unstructured data. This model can guiding oil and gas exploration process; andis beneficial to data applying and service paltform supporting, also profitable todigital fields construction.
     2、MDIDCM(MDDIDCM, Multi Demension Data Integration and DatabaseConstruction Method)is serving for data produced from upstream production whichalso means oil and gas exploration and development. According to MDDCM,business driving principle and POSC which has been used internationally, thecorrespondences is established between POSC and Petro-china exploration anddevelopment data, in this process also identified key data type and key business item.On this basis, key data type and key business item are integrated and screened, and oiland gas exploration and development unity conceptual model is set up.
     3、 A system has been planed and realized preparatory to comprehensivemanaging and applying data produced from upstream production. It includs datagather and store,data process and apply.
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