甘蔗亲本种特异DNA序列的PCR检测及原位PCR定位的研究
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摘要
现代甘蔗栽培品种是一个遗传背景复杂的多倍体,其基因组的主体成份为热带种血缘,同时,又导入不少近缘种血缘,如割手密种、印度种、大茎野生种、中国种和斑茅等。本项目采用RAPD、ISSR标记等方法筛选、克隆了一系列甘蔗亲本种特异DNA片段,并进一步转化为甘蔗种、属特异PCR标记;并结合SSR标记特点,通过设计、合成与筛选SSR引物,找出可特异扩增甘蔗亲本种、属特异DNA序列的PCR引物;进而进行亲本种特异DNA序列在甘蔗亲本种及其后代栽培种中的遗传动态分析;同时对部分甘蔗亲本种、属特异DNA序列进行了原位PCR定位研究;并进行了甘蔗种质遗传基础的ISSR分析。本研究建立了快速、准确鉴定这些特定亲本遗传成分在甘蔗基因组中的结构特征的技术体系,为甘蔗遗传分析、种质鉴定及杂交亲本选配提供新的分子细胞学试验依据与方法。
1筛选到113条甘蔗亲本种特异DNA片段,其中割手密种特异的53条,热带种特异19条,野生种特异10条,亲本种多态性条带31条。加上前期工作中从AFLP标记中回收但尚未纯化的46条甘蔗亲本特异片段,共得159条特异DNA片段。对其中72条特异DNA片段进行测序,得到了68条片段的序列组成。
2设计合成了122对甘蔗亲本种特异引物,以12份甘蔗亲本种基因组为模板,对引物的特异性进行筛选,筛选到4类特异PCR引物。其中割手密种特异引物29对,甘蔗属内野生种特异引物14对,斑茅种质特异引物2对,甘蔗属特异引物27对。
3利用部分特异PCR引物对39份亲本种和57份甘蔗栽培品种(品系)进行了特异PCR检测,分析了甘蔗亲本种特异血缘在后代中的传递情况及变化动态。结果表明,本试验筛选出的各种类型的特异DNA序列,均能以不同的概率在栽培种后代中传递,10条割手密特异DNA序列在含有割手密血缘的后代中传递时,ZT51-439序列传递率最高,为95.92%,ZT61-678传递率最低,为2%;25条野生种特异DNA序列在含有野生种血缘的甘蔗栽培种质中传递时,ZT85-700序列传递率最高,为92.98%,ZT82-460传递率最低,为17.54%。这表明甘蔗不同栽培种所含的野生种血缘是不同的。另外,18条甘蔗属特异DNA序列均能100%在后代中传递。16条斑茅种特异DNA序列能在含斑茅血缘的F1及F2代中传递而且传递率均为50%。
4利用原位PCR技术,首次对甘蔗属特异DNA序列ZT37-377、ZT40-928和割手密种特异序列ZT52-439进行了染色体定位。这些特异DNA序列大多位于甘蔗拔地拉、崖城割手密11号的多条染色体的端粒,有少数位于染色体的着丝粒区域,个别位于染色体的整条臂上,属重复序列。其中ZT37-377初步定位于崖城割手密11号的第1~12号、第14~32号共56条染色体上;ZT40-928初步定位于拔地拉的第1~11号、第13~19号、第22~32号、第34~39号共69条染色体上;ZT52-439初步定位于崖城割手密11号的第2、5~7、9~20、23、25和29号共29条染色体上。
5对崖城割手密11号和拔地拉进行了核型分析。崖城割手密11号的染色体核型公式为2n=64=56m(2sat)+8sm,绝对长度为1.54～2.95μm,相对长度为2.23%～4.28%,19号、28号、30及32号染色体为亚中部着丝点染色体(sm),其余28对染色体为中部着丝点染色体(m),第31号染色体短臂具有随体,核型为2A。拔地拉的染色体核型公式为2n=80=80m,绝对长度1.10～3.29μm,相对长度为1.39%～4.16%,40对染色体为中部着丝点染色体(m),核型为1B型。
6对甘蔗属多态性引物ZT67扩增产物的热带种特异序列Aso64(378bp)、割手密特异序列Asp68(545bp)及Asp70(300bp)等序列进行同源比对,初步认为该热带种特异序列与割手密特异序列(Asp68、Asp70)之间的差异主要由于序列内部部分片段的缺失或插入而造成。此外,对21条有代表性的特异DNA序列进行了可能的功能基因分析。其中2条序列与已发表的功能序列有较低的同源性,而且所代表的可能功能大多与高梁二色克隆系列有关;而其余19条序列与已发表的功能序列几乎无同源性。
7构建了96份甘蔗种质的ISSR指纹图谱,并进行了聚类分析;斑茅的指纹与甘蔗属存在着较明显的区别。云南割手密与崖城割手密、印度割手密及华南割手密未能聚在同一支,表明了割手密野生种种内变异水平高。
Modern sugarcane cultivars(Saccharum spp.)are polyploid or aneuploid clones of complex genetic background, with major components of the genome derived from S. officinarum, and the remainder from S. spontaneum, S. barneri, S. robustum, S. sinense, and Erianthus arundinaceus. In this thesis, a series of species/genus-specific DNA fragments of parental sugarcane were screened out by RAPD and ISSR markers and then cloned. Based on the cloned specific DNA fragments, PCR markers were developed. SSR primers for detection of species/genus-specific DNA were also selected. Then the genetic dynamic states of sugarcane parental specific DNA were analyzed between parents and their progenies. A few of species/genus-specific DNA sequences were located on chromosomes by in situ PCR. And the genetic base of sugarcane germplasm was analysed by ISSR marker.The technique system which could identify the structural character of species genuis component from parent in sugarcane genome rapidly and accurately was developed. These results could be the new bases and method for the research of sugarcane genetic analysis, species identification, parental selection for hybridization and so on.
113 bands of specific DNA fragments were screened out, including 53 specific bands of S. spontaneum, 19 bands of S. officinarum, 10 bands of wild species of Saccharum spp. and 31 polymorphic bands of parent. Integrated with 46 bands of sugarcane parents which were generated by AFLP but still not purified, there were 159 bands of specific DNA fragments. The sequences of 72 bands of specific DNA fragments were sequenced and the actual sequence compositions of 68 bands were obtained.
Based on that 122 pairs of primers were designed and synthesized, 4 types of specific PCR primers were screened out by using 12 sugarcane parental genomes as templates, including 29 pairs of S. spontaneum, 14 pairs of wild species of Saccharum spp.,27 pairs of Saccharum spp.and 2 pairs of Erianthus arundinaceus.
With the genomic DNA of 39 sugarcane parents and 57 cultivars were amplified with some specific PCR primers, the dynamic and transferability of sugarcane parental specific genome were analyzed. The results showed that the specific DNA fragments could recover in cultivars with different probability. Among the recovering probability of 10 specific DNA fragments from S. spontaneum, ZT51-439 was the highest with the rate of 95.92% and ZT61-678 was lowest at the rate of 2%. Fragment with the highest recovering probability of 25 specific DNA sequences from wild species of Saccharum spp. was ZT85-700 with the rate of 92.98%, while ZT82-460 was the lowest at the rate of 17.54%. 18 specific DNA fragments of Saccharum could transfer to progeny with the rate of 100%. 16 specific DNA sequences of Erianthus arundinaceus could transfer in F1 and F2 with the rate of 50%. The specific sequences ZT37-377, ZT40-928 of Saccharum genus and ZT52-439 of S.
spontaneum were located on chromosomes of cultivar YG No.11 and Badila by using in situ PCR. The signals mainly distributed on the telomere, some on centromere and very few on whole arms. ZT37-377 was located on the 56 chromosomes of YG No.11 with No. of 1~12 and 14~32 respectively. ZT52-439 was located on only 29 chromosomes of YG No.11 with No. of 2, 5～7, 9～20, 23, 25 and 29 respectively. ZT40-928 was located on the 69 chromosomes of Badila with No. of 1~11, 13~19, 22~32 and 34~39 respectively.
Karyotype on YG No.11 and Badila was analysed. The karyotype formula of YG No.11 was 2n=64=56m(2sat)+8sm. Its karyotype belonged to 2A type. The absolute length of chromosome was 1.54～2.95μm, while the relative length was 2.23%～4.28%. Chromosomes of No.19, 28, 30 and 32 were sub-median kinetochores, others were median kinetochores. The short arm of chromosome of No. 31 had one satellite. As to Badila, the karyotype formula was 2n=80=80m and belonged to 1B type. The absolute length of chromosome was 1.10～3.29μm, and the relative length was 1.39%～4.16%.
The specific DNA sequences Aso64(378bp), Asp68(545bp)and Asp70(300bp), amplified by polymorphism primer ZT67, were compared by landing NCBI. The results showed the main differences between these specific DNA sequences of S. officinarum(Aso64)and S. spontaneum(Asp68,Asp70)were the deficiency or insertion of some fragments. The probable functions of 21 typical specific DNA sequences were also analyzed and it showed that 19 sequences were not congenetic to the sequence of known functions. Only 2 sequences were low congenetic to the sequences of known functions and their probable function was mostly relative to Sorghum bicolor clone SBTXS. Fingerprint of 96 sugarcane germplasm was constructed by ISSR with 7 primers and the cluster analysis of the 96 sugarcane germplasm was performed. The banding profiles of E. arundinaceus were obviously differentiated from that of Saccharum spp.. Among S. spontaneum, Yunnan spont., Yacheng spont. , Huanan spont. and Indian spont. were not clustered into one group. This indicated that variation was common and distinct in S. spontaneum.
1筛选到113条甘蔗亲本种特异DNA片段,其中割手密种特异的53条,热带种特异19条,野生种特异10条,亲本种多态性条带31条。加上前期工作中从AFLP标记中回收但尚未纯化的46条甘蔗亲本特异片段,共得159条特异DNA片段。对其中72条特异DNA片段进行测序,得到了68条片段的序列组成。
2设计合成了122对甘蔗亲本种特异引物,以12份甘蔗亲本种基因组为模板,对引物的特异性进行筛选,筛选到4类特异PCR引物。其中割手密种特异引物29对,甘蔗属内野生种特异引物14对,斑茅种质特异引物2对,甘蔗属特异引物27对。
3利用部分特异PCR引物对39份亲本种和57份甘蔗栽培品种(品系)进行了特异PCR检测,分析了甘蔗亲本种特异血缘在后代中的传递情况及变化动态。结果表明,本试验筛选出的各种类型的特异DNA序列,均能以不同的概率在栽培种后代中传递,10条割手密特异DNA序列在含有割手密血缘的后代中传递时,ZT51-439序列传递率最高,为95.92%,ZT61-678传递率最低,为2%;25条野生种特异DNA序列在含有野生种血缘的甘蔗栽培种质中传递时,ZT85-700序列传递率最高,为92.98%,ZT82-460传递率最低,为17.54%。这表明甘蔗不同栽培种所含的野生种血缘是不同的。另外,18条甘蔗属特异DNA序列均能100%在后代中传递。16条斑茅种特异DNA序列能在含斑茅血缘的F1及F2代中传递而且传递率均为50%。
4利用原位PCR技术,首次对甘蔗属特异DNA序列ZT37-377、ZT40-928和割手密种特异序列ZT52-439进行了染色体定位。这些特异DNA序列大多位于甘蔗拔地拉、崖城割手密11号的多条染色体的端粒,有少数位于染色体的着丝粒区域,个别位于染色体的整条臂上,属重复序列。其中ZT37-377初步定位于崖城割手密11号的第1~12号、第14~32号共56条染色体上;ZT40-928初步定位于拔地拉的第1~11号、第13~19号、第22~32号、第34~39号共69条染色体上;ZT52-439初步定位于崖城割手密11号的第2、5~7、9~20、23、25和29号共29条染色体上。
5对崖城割手密11号和拔地拉进行了核型分析。崖城割手密11号的染色体核型公式为2n=64=56m(2sat)+8sm,绝对长度为1.54～2.95μm,相对长度为2.23%～4.28%,19号、28号、30及32号染色体为亚中部着丝点染色体(sm),其余28对染色体为中部着丝点染色体(m),第31号染色体短臂具有随体,核型为2A。拔地拉的染色体核型公式为2n=80=80m,绝对长度1.10～3.29μm,相对长度为1.39%～4.16%,40对染色体为中部着丝点染色体(m),核型为1B型。
6对甘蔗属多态性引物ZT67扩增产物的热带种特异序列Aso64(378bp)、割手密特异序列Asp68(545bp)及Asp70(300bp)等序列进行同源比对,初步认为该热带种特异序列与割手密特异序列(Asp68、Asp70)之间的差异主要由于序列内部部分片段的缺失或插入而造成。此外,对21条有代表性的特异DNA序列进行了可能的功能基因分析。其中2条序列与已发表的功能序列有较低的同源性,而且所代表的可能功能大多与高梁二色克隆系列有关;而其余19条序列与已发表的功能序列几乎无同源性。
7构建了96份甘蔗种质的ISSR指纹图谱,并进行了聚类分析;斑茅的指纹与甘蔗属存在着较明显的区别。云南割手密与崖城割手密、印度割手密及华南割手密未能聚在同一支,表明了割手密野生种种内变异水平高。
Modern sugarcane cultivars(Saccharum spp.)are polyploid or aneuploid clones of complex genetic background, with major components of the genome derived from S. officinarum, and the remainder from S. spontaneum, S. barneri, S. robustum, S. sinense, and Erianthus arundinaceus. In this thesis, a series of species/genus-specific DNA fragments of parental sugarcane were screened out by RAPD and ISSR markers and then cloned. Based on the cloned specific DNA fragments, PCR markers were developed. SSR primers for detection of species/genus-specific DNA were also selected. Then the genetic dynamic states of sugarcane parental specific DNA were analyzed between parents and their progenies. A few of species/genus-specific DNA sequences were located on chromosomes by in situ PCR. And the genetic base of sugarcane germplasm was analysed by ISSR marker.The technique system which could identify the structural character of species genuis component from parent in sugarcane genome rapidly and accurately was developed. These results could be the new bases and method for the research of sugarcane genetic analysis, species identification, parental selection for hybridization and so on.
113 bands of specific DNA fragments were screened out, including 53 specific bands of S. spontaneum, 19 bands of S. officinarum, 10 bands of wild species of Saccharum spp. and 31 polymorphic bands of parent. Integrated with 46 bands of sugarcane parents which were generated by AFLP but still not purified, there were 159 bands of specific DNA fragments. The sequences of 72 bands of specific DNA fragments were sequenced and the actual sequence compositions of 68 bands were obtained.
Based on that 122 pairs of primers were designed and synthesized, 4 types of specific PCR primers were screened out by using 12 sugarcane parental genomes as templates, including 29 pairs of S. spontaneum, 14 pairs of wild species of Saccharum spp.,27 pairs of Saccharum spp.and 2 pairs of Erianthus arundinaceus.
With the genomic DNA of 39 sugarcane parents and 57 cultivars were amplified with some specific PCR primers, the dynamic and transferability of sugarcane parental specific genome were analyzed. The results showed that the specific DNA fragments could recover in cultivars with different probability. Among the recovering probability of 10 specific DNA fragments from S. spontaneum, ZT51-439 was the highest with the rate of 95.92% and ZT61-678 was lowest at the rate of 2%. Fragment with the highest recovering probability of 25 specific DNA sequences from wild species of Saccharum spp. was ZT85-700 with the rate of 92.98%, while ZT82-460 was the lowest at the rate of 17.54%. 18 specific DNA fragments of Saccharum could transfer to progeny with the rate of 100%. 16 specific DNA sequences of Erianthus arundinaceus could transfer in F1 and F2 with the rate of 50%. The specific sequences ZT37-377, ZT40-928 of Saccharum genus and ZT52-439 of S.
spontaneum were located on chromosomes of cultivar YG No.11 and Badila by using in situ PCR. The signals mainly distributed on the telomere, some on centromere and very few on whole arms. ZT37-377 was located on the 56 chromosomes of YG No.11 with No. of 1~12 and 14~32 respectively. ZT52-439 was located on only 29 chromosomes of YG No.11 with No. of 2, 5～7, 9～20, 23, 25 and 29 respectively. ZT40-928 was located on the 69 chromosomes of Badila with No. of 1~11, 13~19, 22~32 and 34~39 respectively.
Karyotype on YG No.11 and Badila was analysed. The karyotype formula of YG No.11 was 2n=64=56m(2sat)+8sm. Its karyotype belonged to 2A type. The absolute length of chromosome was 1.54～2.95μm, while the relative length was 2.23%～4.28%. Chromosomes of No.19, 28, 30 and 32 were sub-median kinetochores, others were median kinetochores. The short arm of chromosome of No. 31 had one satellite. As to Badila, the karyotype formula was 2n=80=80m and belonged to 1B type. The absolute length of chromosome was 1.10～3.29μm, and the relative length was 1.39%～4.16%.
The specific DNA sequences Aso64(378bp), Asp68(545bp)and Asp70(300bp), amplified by polymorphism primer ZT67, were compared by landing NCBI. The results showed the main differences between these specific DNA sequences of S. officinarum(Aso64)and S. spontaneum(Asp68,Asp70)were the deficiency or insertion of some fragments. The probable functions of 21 typical specific DNA sequences were also analyzed and it showed that 19 sequences were not congenetic to the sequence of known functions. Only 2 sequences were low congenetic to the sequences of known functions and their probable function was mostly relative to Sorghum bicolor clone SBTXS. Fingerprint of 96 sugarcane germplasm was constructed by ISSR with 7 primers and the cluster analysis of the 96 sugarcane germplasm was performed. The banding profiles of E. arundinaceus were obviously differentiated from that of Saccharum spp.. Among S. spontaneum, Yunnan spont., Yacheng spont. , Huanan spont. and Indian spont. were not clustered into one group. This indicated that variation was common and distinct in S. spontaneum.
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