电缆电涡流测量中的场模型及数值模拟
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摘要
电缆生产中,电缆偏芯是影响电缆质量的因素之一。产品质量的优劣,直接关系到有关产品的可靠性、设备的安全运行以及整个制造业的兴衰和整个社会生产的正常运行,因而受到了企业生产者和产品使用者的高度重视。电涡流检测是一种行之有效的电磁无损检测方法,是涡流效应的一项重要应用。然而,近几年电涡流测量方法的研究多偏重于测量系统的研究,而对涡流检测探头的设计至今仍采用等效磁路、等效电路模型计算同实验相结合的经验设计方法。这种方法对电线电位电涡流透视探头的设计和数值模拟中的很多问题,如线径大小,线芯类型(实芯、绞线),线芯电导率,磁导率与探头形状的优化匹配等问题,还不能透彻分析。因此需要采用更为符合其内部实际物理场的数值模拟方法进行分析,以期提高电缆电涡流测量中的磁场及相关参数的计算精度,为以后电缆偏芯仪的进一步研究提供一定的帮助。
    通过采用目前处理开域电磁场问题的截断法,人为地设定一个远离待求区域的虚拟边界,将无限区域截断为有限区域,且认为在该边界外面的电磁场已衰减得足够小,小到可以忽略不计,从而令边界上的电磁场场量为零,在此有限区域内采用较为成熟的A,φ-A法,并且并入库仑规范建立数学模型。
    虚拟边界的位置,则可通过先计算虚拟边界在不同位置时,二维计算时线芯涡流损耗的收敛精度来确定。以达到减少计算量,缩短计算时间。三维涡流场的有限元方程组,采用不完全乔列斯基分解复双共轭梯度法(IC-CBCG)来求解。得出三维涡流场的场分布图和涡流损耗随导线偏移量的变化曲线。
    计算结果表明,此方法虽增加了计算量,延长了计算时间,但与采用其它方法相比简化了计算难度,并且易于理解和掌握。
During the production process of the cable, the biased cable is one of the main factors to affect the cable's quality. The product's quality has a direction effect on the reliability of some other products, the safety of equipments, as well as the development of all the industry and society. Thus the producers and the product users pay much attention to this product's quality highly. The electric eddy-current detection is one of the proved effective methods and no loss detection, which is an important use of eddy-current effect. However, recent years the study of electric eddy-current detection mostly overweights the study of measuring system, and the design of the eddy-current.Methods are still equivalent magnetic circuit and equivalent electric circuit model calculation and experiment's experience design method. These methods have many problems to the design and numerical number analogy of electric wire. Electric potential and electric eddy-current detector, such as the wire size, the wire core type (solid core or twisted line),the wire core conductivity, the magnetic permittivity and the optimize match of the detector's form, aren't made an incisive analysis. So it is necessary to reflect the inner reality physical field's numerical number analogy method to analysis and improve the magnetic field and the computing accuracy of the cable's eddy-current detection.This affords helping for the researching of biased cable instrument in the future.
    First open domain electric magnetic problem's breaking method is done with, which supposing fictitious boundary far away from the region. Second breaking the infinite region into the finite region and supposing the electric magnetic is too small to be ignored. Third
    
    supposing the magnetic field value at the edge of is zero and this region use relatively mature method of A, A- merged into Coulomb's law to set up mathematical model.
    The position of the imaginable boundary can be get by calculating the fictitious boundary in the different positions and 2-D wire core eddy current loss's convergence.
    To obtain the high accuracy as well as little calculation, IC-CBCG method is applied to solve the finite element equation system of 3-D eddy-current field. Finally distribution of 3-D eddy-current field and Variation curve of eddy current loss to the variation of wire position can be get.
    The computing results show this method increases calculates quantity, although it prolonged calculate time comparing with other methods. Therefore, simplified calculate is easy to be understudied and mastered.
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