主轴永磁同步电机电磁结构及“弱磁”问题的研究
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摘要
本文根据数控机床主轴驱动的要求以及永磁同步电机发展的现状,提出了用永磁同步电机驱动数控机床主轴这一崭新的课题,并围绕主轴驱动永磁同步化的主要障碍——永磁同步电机的“弱磁”问题,从电机电磁结构和控制方法两方面进行了深入的研究。
全文共九章,可分为六个部分。
第一部分研究永磁同步电机“弱磁”的本质、方法、“弱磁”性能与电机参数的关系,主要包括一、三、四、五等章的有关内容。其中第一章详细介绍和分析永磁同步电机的“弱磁”问题;第三章研究理想“弱磁”型永磁同步电机( E0=XdIN)参数和调速特性的关系,介绍了优化的“弱磁”运行控制方法;第四章研究实际永磁同步电机(E0>XdIN)的“弱磁”运行,推导了理想“弱磁”条件的电磁负荷表达式,研究了电机“弱磁”性能与凸极性的关系,并给出一个说明“弱磁”控制的图示方法;第五章研究永磁同步电机的控制性能与凸极性的关系。
第二部分(第六章)研究适合于永磁同步电机“弱磁”的电磁结构。首先分析“弱磁”对电机主要尺寸参数及电磁负荷的要求,然后比较各种普通永磁转子结构、复合永磁转子结构“弱磁”性能、防永磁体去磁性能的优劣,最后比较了各种磁阻转子结构交、直轴电感的情况。
第三部分(第七章)介绍“弱磁”型复合转子永磁同步电机的关键性设计技术。其中包括均匀气隙电机正弦波永磁场的产生技术;均匀大气隙电机电抗的计算方法(针对复合转子永磁段);复合转子永磁电机永磁段的电枢计算长度;交轴磁通路障型磁阻转子结构在任意电枢电流幅值和相位下交、直轴饱和电感的有限元计算方法;具有多种槽形的正弦混相绕组槽漏抗的计算方法;复合转子永磁电机的电磁设计方法以及转子两部分的比例优化等等。
第四部分(第八章)研究复合转子永磁同步电机考虑交、直轴饱和相互影响的数学模型及其参数辨识方法。
第五部分(第九章)为复合转子永磁同步电机“弱磁”扩速的实验研究。
第六部分(第二章)详细介绍作者为了应用有限元方法计算交轴磁通路障型磁阻转子段电感以及永磁场而在电磁场有限元计算方面所做的工作及开发的自动剖分技术——平面任意复杂多连域的快速Delaunary三角化技术——一个时间与要求的剖分单元数成线性关系、与区域复杂性无关的自动剖分方法。
Based on the requirements of the spindle drive of numerical controlled machine tools and the current situation of the permanent magnet (PM) synchronous motors (PMSM), a novel spindle drive using PMSM is proposed. Studies in-depth on both the motor electromagnetic structure and control method are carried out around the main issue, how to find a rotor structure for realizing the flux-weakening operation of the PMSM with satisfactory speed range.
There are nine chapters and they are classified into six parts as follows.
The first part, including the contexts of Chapters 1,3,4 and 5, mainly studies the natures and methods of the flux-weakening operation of PMSM and the relationships between the flux-weakening performance and the machine parameters. Chapter 1 presents the flux-weakening problem in details. Chapter 3 investigates the relationships between the variable-speed performance and the parameters of PMSM so as to meet the ideal flux-weakening condition E0=XdIN, and the optimal flux-weakening operation methods are described. Chapter 4 studies the flux-weakening operation of practical PMSM (E0>XdIN), in which the expression for the electromagnetic loading under ideal flux-weakening condition is derived and the relationship between the flux-weakening performances and the salient effect is surveyed, with a graphic method to show the flux-weakening control scheme given. Chapter 5 studies the relationship between the control behavior of PMSM and the salient effect.
The second part (chapter 6) explores the PMSM electromagnetic structures suitable for flux-weakening operation. Requirements on the main dimensions and electromagnetic loading of PMSM for flux-weakening operation are discussed. The flux-weakening performance an protection of PM against demagnetization are compared for various kinds of PM rotors of general types and the composite ones. The d- and q-axis inductances ratios are compared for different type of structures of reluctance rotors.
The third part (Chapter 7) presents some vital design techniques for the flux-weakening type of PMSM with composite PM rotor, among which are the uniform airgap machine with sinusoidal PM the inductance calculation for large uniform airgap machine, the effective armature length of the PM part of the composite PM rotor, the d- and q-axis saturated inductance calculation by FEM under any armature current and, the calculation of slot leakage inductance of machine with sinusoidal and mixed-phase windings and with more slots of different sizes, the electromagnetic design of composite PM rotor machine and the determination of the length of the two parts, PM and reluctance one of the rotor.
The fourth part (Chapter 8) contributes to the development of mathematical model taking the d- and q-axis cross-effects due to saturation into consideration and to the model parameter identification for the PMSM with composite PM rotor.
Part five (Chapter 9) describes experimental investigation results of the flux-weakening operation.
Part six (Chapter 2) describes in detail the techniques developed during the field calculation by FEM and the automatic mesh generation. It is a fast Delaunay triangulation technique for random complex area and the time consumed is linearly dependent on the required number of elements and is independent on the complexity of the mesh areas.
全文共九章,可分为六个部分。
第一部分研究永磁同步电机“弱磁”的本质、方法、“弱磁”性能与电机参数的关系,主要包括一、三、四、五等章的有关内容。其中第一章详细介绍和分析永磁同步电机的“弱磁”问题;第三章研究理想“弱磁”型永磁同步电机( E0=XdIN)参数和调速特性的关系,介绍了优化的“弱磁”运行控制方法;第四章研究实际永磁同步电机(E0>XdIN)的“弱磁”运行,推导了理想“弱磁”条件的电磁负荷表达式,研究了电机“弱磁”性能与凸极性的关系,并给出一个说明“弱磁”控制的图示方法;第五章研究永磁同步电机的控制性能与凸极性的关系。
第二部分(第六章)研究适合于永磁同步电机“弱磁”的电磁结构。首先分析“弱磁”对电机主要尺寸参数及电磁负荷的要求,然后比较各种普通永磁转子结构、复合永磁转子结构“弱磁”性能、防永磁体去磁性能的优劣,最后比较了各种磁阻转子结构交、直轴电感的情况。
第三部分(第七章)介绍“弱磁”型复合转子永磁同步电机的关键性设计技术。其中包括均匀气隙电机正弦波永磁场的产生技术;均匀大气隙电机电抗的计算方法(针对复合转子永磁段);复合转子永磁电机永磁段的电枢计算长度;交轴磁通路障型磁阻转子结构在任意电枢电流幅值和相位下交、直轴饱和电感的有限元计算方法;具有多种槽形的正弦混相绕组槽漏抗的计算方法;复合转子永磁电机的电磁设计方法以及转子两部分的比例优化等等。
第四部分(第八章)研究复合转子永磁同步电机考虑交、直轴饱和相互影响的数学模型及其参数辨识方法。
第五部分(第九章)为复合转子永磁同步电机“弱磁”扩速的实验研究。
第六部分(第二章)详细介绍作者为了应用有限元方法计算交轴磁通路障型磁阻转子段电感以及永磁场而在电磁场有限元计算方面所做的工作及开发的自动剖分技术——平面任意复杂多连域的快速Delaunary三角化技术——一个时间与要求的剖分单元数成线性关系、与区域复杂性无关的自动剖分方法。
Based on the requirements of the spindle drive of numerical controlled machine tools and the current situation of the permanent magnet (PM) synchronous motors (PMSM), a novel spindle drive using PMSM is proposed. Studies in-depth on both the motor electromagnetic structure and control method are carried out around the main issue, how to find a rotor structure for realizing the flux-weakening operation of the PMSM with satisfactory speed range.
There are nine chapters and they are classified into six parts as follows.
The first part, including the contexts of Chapters 1,3,4 and 5, mainly studies the natures and methods of the flux-weakening operation of PMSM and the relationships between the flux-weakening performance and the machine parameters. Chapter 1 presents the flux-weakening problem in details. Chapter 3 investigates the relationships between the variable-speed performance and the parameters of PMSM so as to meet the ideal flux-weakening condition E0=XdIN, and the optimal flux-weakening operation methods are described. Chapter 4 studies the flux-weakening operation of practical PMSM (E0>XdIN), in which the expression for the electromagnetic loading under ideal flux-weakening condition is derived and the relationship between the flux-weakening performances and the salient effect is surveyed, with a graphic method to show the flux-weakening control scheme given. Chapter 5 studies the relationship between the control behavior of PMSM and the salient effect.
The second part (chapter 6) explores the PMSM electromagnetic structures suitable for flux-weakening operation. Requirements on the main dimensions and electromagnetic loading of PMSM for flux-weakening operation are discussed. The flux-weakening performance an protection of PM against demagnetization are compared for various kinds of PM rotors of general types and the composite ones. The d- and q-axis inductances ratios are compared for different type of structures of reluctance rotors.
The third part (Chapter 7) presents some vital design techniques for the flux-weakening type of PMSM with composite PM rotor, among which are the uniform airgap machine with sinusoidal PM the inductance calculation for large uniform airgap machine, the effective armature length of the PM part of the composite PM rotor, the d- and q-axis saturated inductance calculation by FEM under any armature current and, the calculation of slot leakage inductance of machine with sinusoidal and mixed-phase windings and with more slots of different sizes, the electromagnetic design of composite PM rotor machine and the determination of the length of the two parts, PM and reluctance one of the rotor.
The fourth part (Chapter 8) contributes to the development of mathematical model taking the d- and q-axis cross-effects due to saturation into consideration and to the model parameter identification for the PMSM with composite PM rotor.
Part five (Chapter 9) describes experimental investigation results of the flux-weakening operation.
Part six (Chapter 2) describes in detail the techniques developed during the field calculation by FEM and the automatic mesh generation. It is a fast Delaunay triangulation technique for random complex area and the time consumed is linearly dependent on the required number of elements and is independent on the complexity of the mesh areas.
引文
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