五轴数控高速铣削加工中心的仿真研究
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摘要
随着科技的发展和新产品的不断涌现，高速度、高效率、高精度和高刚度已成为当今数控机床发展的主要方向，为满足数控机床发展需要并适应当今激烈的市场竞争，必须使用先进制造技术加速高性能机床产品的开发。了解高速机床的结构和工作原理，如何更好地发挥高速机床的性能和提高高速机床的效率就成了普遍关注的问题。本课题主要根据虚拟生产线布局的要求，利用虚拟制造技术研究高性能铣削加工机床的虚拟建模和动力学仿真。
本论文首先分析了HERMLE C40五轴数控高速铣削加工中心的结构特点，提取了主要模块，采用基于特征的参数化实体建模技术完成HERMLE C40五轴数控高速铣削加工中心主要模块零部件的虚拟模型，并且使用虚拟装配技术完成该加工中心主要部件和整机的虚拟装配模型。在ANSYS有限元分析软件平台上，分析了机床结构的固有频率和主振型，进行了模态分析，验证了虚拟模型的适用性。
最后，关于进一步工作的方向进行了简要的讨论。
Now, following the development of technology and the emergency of the new products, high speed, high efficiency, high precision and high rigidity have been the main developing trend of numeric-control (NC) machine tools. To meet the need of NC machine tools' development and adapt to the heated market competition, we must use advanced manufacturing technology to design the machine tool with excellent service capability. We are concerned about the structure and the principle of high-speed machines and how to work better to enhance the efficiency of high-speed machine. In this paper, the virtual designing and the virtual dynamics simulation of high-speed machining tool are done using virtual manufacturing technology on the basis of virtual production line.
Firstly, the structure of HERMLE MACHINING CENTER C 40 is analyzed. The main modules are chosen. The Virtual models of the modules of HERMLE MACHINING CENTER C 40 are accomplished adopting parametric entity modeling technology based on feature. And then the virtual assembly models of components and whole machine are set up using virtual assembly technology. Using ANSYS software, the inherent frequencies and the librating models are gotten based on the mode analyzing technology. The virtual model of HERMLE MACHINING CENTER C 40 is proved to be suitable for use.
本论文首先分析了HERMLE C40五轴数控高速铣削加工中心的结构特点，提取了主要模块，采用基于特征的参数化实体建模技术完成HERMLE C40五轴数控高速铣削加工中心主要模块零部件的虚拟模型，并且使用虚拟装配技术完成该加工中心主要部件和整机的虚拟装配模型。在ANSYS有限元分析软件平台上，分析了机床结构的固有频率和主振型，进行了模态分析，验证了虚拟模型的适用性。
最后，关于进一步工作的方向进行了简要的讨论。
Now, following the development of technology and the emergency of the new products, high speed, high efficiency, high precision and high rigidity have been the main developing trend of numeric-control (NC) machine tools. To meet the need of NC machine tools' development and adapt to the heated market competition, we must use advanced manufacturing technology to design the machine tool with excellent service capability. We are concerned about the structure and the principle of high-speed machines and how to work better to enhance the efficiency of high-speed machine. In this paper, the virtual designing and the virtual dynamics simulation of high-speed machining tool are done using virtual manufacturing technology on the basis of virtual production line.
Firstly, the structure of HERMLE MACHINING CENTER C 40 is analyzed. The main modules are chosen. The Virtual models of the modules of HERMLE MACHINING CENTER C 40 are accomplished adopting parametric entity modeling technology based on feature. And then the virtual assembly models of components and whole machine are set up using virtual assembly technology. Using ANSYS software, the inherent frequencies and the librating models are gotten based on the mode analyzing technology. The virtual model of HERMLE MACHINING CENTER C 40 is proved to be suitable for use.
引文
[1] 曹尔兴．XH7710型多面加工中心虚拟仿真及可行性研究：[硕十学位论文]．北京：北京机械工业学院，2003
[2] 艾兴．高速切削加工技术．北京：国防工业出版社，2004
[3] 郭力，刘建宁，盛晓敏．高速加上机床及关键技术的新发展．新技术新工艺，2001(3)：3-5
[4] 赵骥，乐清洪，罗琦，朱名铨．虚拟生产线模型研究．西北工业大学学报，2000，No．18(4)：518-521
[5] 周莉，王成勇，秦哲．高速加工机床的合理选用．制造技术与机床，2003(3)：15-22
[6] Domingnez H., Alvarez R., Jauregui J. C.. Development of a high speed machining CNC. Control Applications, 2001.(CCA '01).Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE International Conference on 5-7 Sept, 2001: 224-229
[7] Tlusty J.. High-speed machining. CIRP Annals, 1993, No.42(2):733-738
[8] Larsson M., Johansson M., Naslund L., Hylander J.. Design and evaluation of high-speed induction machine. IEEE International Electric Machines and Drives Conference (Cat. No.03EX679), 2003, No.1: 77-82
[9] Chatterjee, Subhajit. Spindle deflections in high-speed machine tools - modelling and simulation. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 1996, No.11(4): 232-239
[10] Machining centres for high-speed operation. Werkstatt und Betrieb, 2005, No.138(8): 70-72
[11] Poignet P., Gautier M., Khalil W. Modeling, control and simulation of high speed machine tool axes. Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics , 1999. Proceedings. 1999 IEEE/ASME International Conference on 19-23, 1999(9): 617-622
[12] 沈爱群，倪中华，幸妍．面向数控机床的远程在线监测与故障诊断系统的研究．制造业自动化，2003，No．9：37-39
[13] Guk-Chan Han, Dong-Ⅱ Kim, Hyo-Gyu Kim; Kibeohn Nam, Byeong-Kap Choi, Sung-Kwun Kim. A high speed machining algorithm for CNC machine tools. Industrial Electronics Society, 1999. IECON' 99 Proceedings. The 25th Annual Conference of the IEEE, 1999, No.3(11): 1493-1497
[14] Dewes R.C., Aspinwall, D. K., Wise, M.L.H.. High speed machining-cutting tools and machine requirements. Proceedings of the Thirty-First International MATADOR CONFERENCE, 1995: 455-461
[15] Heisel U., Gringel M.. Machine tool design requirements for high-speed machining. CIRP Annals-Manufacturing Technology, 1996, No. 45(1): 389-392
[16] 严隽琪，范秀敏，马登哲．虚拟制造的理论、技术基础与实践．上海：上海交通大学出版社，2003
[17] 张冶，洪学，张泽帮．Unigraphics NX参数化设计实例教程．北京：清华大学出版社，2003
[18] 杜平安，甘娥忠，于亚婷．有限元法—原理、建模及应用．北京：国防工业出版社，2004
[19] 王勖成．有限单元法．北京：清华大学出版社，2003
[20] 李景湧．有限元法．北京：北京邮电大学出版社，1999
[21] 刘素华，冯利民．电主轴单元的动静态特性分析．河南冶金，2003(4)：25-27
[22] 肖田元等．虚拟制造．北京：清华大学出版社，2004
[23] 陈幼平，庹艾莉，周敬东，袁楚明，周祖德．虚拟制造环境下数控机床德运动学建模与仿真．计算机工程与应用，2005(10)：175-178
[24] 陈贵清，杨晓京，李浙昆，樊瑜瑾，毕世英．虚拟环境下数控机床建模及仿真．机电工程，2004，No．21(10)：13-15
[25] 何耀雄，徐起贺，周艳红．任意结构数控机床机构运动学建模与求解．机械工程学报， 2002，No．38(10)：31-36
[26] 谢志强．4120SG型柴油机结构有限元分析：[硕士学位论文]．武汉：武汉理工大学，2005
[27] 张丹．桑塔纳2000驾驶员座椅的建模与计算：[硕士学位论文]．上海：同济大学，2003
[28] 吴敏镜．超高速切削机床和超高速刀具技术的现状．新技术新工艺，2002(5)：22-24
[29] 张学玲，徐燕申，钟伟泓．基于有限元分析的数控机床床身结构动态优化设计方法研究．机械强度，2005，No．27(3)：353-357
[30] 王学林，徐岷，胡于进．机床模态特性的有限元分析．机床与液压，2005(2)：40，48-49
[31] W. T. Lei, Y.Y.Hsu. Accuracy enhancement of five-axis CNC machines through real-time error compensation
[32] Fuhua Lin, Lan Ye, Vincent G. Duffy, Chuan-Jun Su. Developing virtual environments for industrial training. Information Science. 2002
[33] J.W. Fan, J.l. Guan, W.C. Wang, Q. Luo, X.L. Zhang, L.Y. Wang. Auniversal modeling method for enhancement the volumetric accuracy of CNC machine tools. Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 2002(129)
[34] SAYEED NURUL GHANI. Digital Computer Simulation of Three-Phase Induction Machine Dynamics—A Generalized Approach. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS. 1988(1)
[35] Zhou Ming, Li Jianguang, Yuan Zhejun, Tan Jiubin. Study on simulation system for 3-axis NC milling
[36] Ruegg A. A generalized kinematics model for three-to-five milling machines and their implementation in a CNC. Annals of the CIRP. 1992(1)
[37] 汪列隆，朱壮瑞，孙庆鸿．机床导轨滑块结合面参数识别研究．机械工程师，2006(9)：55-57
[38] 龚莉，刘诚，余颖，花军．数控加工中心主轴箱支撑架动态试验分析．木材加工机械，2006，No．17(3)：5-7
[39] 杨理诚，周新民，桑建兵，刘剑．基于动态测试的机床主轴系统仿真研究．机床与液压，2006(6)：217-219
[40] 魏涛，刘涛，石秀勇等．多缸柴油机机体结构有限元模态分析．内燃机与动力装置，2006(4)：6-10
[41] 谢黎明，代昌浩，符卫东．车铣复合加工中心主轴结构胡有限元分析．组合机床与自动化加工技术，2006(2)：29-30，33
[42] 李金泉，陈恳，丁洪生．基于有限元法6-UPS并联机床模态分析．组合机床与自动化加工技术，2006(3)：1-3
[2] 艾兴．高速切削加工技术．北京：国防工业出版社，2004
[3] 郭力，刘建宁，盛晓敏．高速加上机床及关键技术的新发展．新技术新工艺，2001(3)：3-5
[4] 赵骥，乐清洪，罗琦，朱名铨．虚拟生产线模型研究．西北工业大学学报，2000，No．18(4)：518-521
[5] 周莉，王成勇，秦哲．高速加工机床的合理选用．制造技术与机床，2003(3)：15-22
[6] Domingnez H., Alvarez R., Jauregui J. C.. Development of a high speed machining CNC. Control Applications, 2001.(CCA '01).Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE International Conference on 5-7 Sept, 2001: 224-229
[7] Tlusty J.. High-speed machining. CIRP Annals, 1993, No.42(2):733-738
[8] Larsson M., Johansson M., Naslund L., Hylander J.. Design and evaluation of high-speed induction machine. IEEE International Electric Machines and Drives Conference (Cat. No.03EX679), 2003, No.1: 77-82
[9] Chatterjee, Subhajit. Spindle deflections in high-speed machine tools - modelling and simulation. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 1996, No.11(4): 232-239
[10] Machining centres for high-speed operation. Werkstatt und Betrieb, 2005, No.138(8): 70-72
[11] Poignet P., Gautier M., Khalil W. Modeling, control and simulation of high speed machine tool axes. Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics , 1999. Proceedings. 1999 IEEE/ASME International Conference on 19-23, 1999(9): 617-622
[12] 沈爱群，倪中华，幸妍．面向数控机床的远程在线监测与故障诊断系统的研究．制造业自动化，2003，No．9：37-39
[13] Guk-Chan Han, Dong-Ⅱ Kim, Hyo-Gyu Kim; Kibeohn Nam, Byeong-Kap Choi, Sung-Kwun Kim. A high speed machining algorithm for CNC machine tools. Industrial Electronics Society, 1999. IECON' 99 Proceedings. The 25th Annual Conference of the IEEE, 1999, No.3(11): 1493-1497
[14] Dewes R.C., Aspinwall, D. K., Wise, M.L.H.. High speed machining-cutting tools and machine requirements. Proceedings of the Thirty-First International MATADOR CONFERENCE, 1995: 455-461
[15] Heisel U., Gringel M.. Machine tool design requirements for high-speed machining. CIRP Annals-Manufacturing Technology, 1996, No. 45(1): 389-392
[16] 严隽琪，范秀敏，马登哲．虚拟制造的理论、技术基础与实践．上海：上海交通大学出版社，2003
[17] 张冶，洪学，张泽帮．Unigraphics NX参数化设计实例教程．北京：清华大学出版社，2003
[18] 杜平安，甘娥忠，于亚婷．有限元法—原理、建模及应用．北京：国防工业出版社，2004
[19] 王勖成．有限单元法．北京：清华大学出版社，2003
[20] 李景湧．有限元法．北京：北京邮电大学出版社，1999
[21] 刘素华，冯利民．电主轴单元的动静态特性分析．河南冶金，2003(4)：25-27
[22] 肖田元等．虚拟制造．北京：清华大学出版社，2004
[23] 陈幼平，庹艾莉，周敬东，袁楚明，周祖德．虚拟制造环境下数控机床德运动学建模与仿真．计算机工程与应用，2005(10)：175-178
[24] 陈贵清，杨晓京，李浙昆，樊瑜瑾，毕世英．虚拟环境下数控机床建模及仿真．机电工程，2004，No．21(10)：13-15
[25] 何耀雄，徐起贺，周艳红．任意结构数控机床机构运动学建模与求解．机械工程学报， 2002，No．38(10)：31-36
[26] 谢志强．4120SG型柴油机结构有限元分析：[硕士学位论文]．武汉：武汉理工大学，2005
[27] 张丹．桑塔纳2000驾驶员座椅的建模与计算：[硕士学位论文]．上海：同济大学，2003
[28] 吴敏镜．超高速切削机床和超高速刀具技术的现状．新技术新工艺，2002(5)：22-24
[29] 张学玲，徐燕申，钟伟泓．基于有限元分析的数控机床床身结构动态优化设计方法研究．机械强度，2005，No．27(3)：353-357
[30] 王学林，徐岷，胡于进．机床模态特性的有限元分析．机床与液压，2005(2)：40，48-49
[31] W. T. Lei, Y.Y.Hsu. Accuracy enhancement of five-axis CNC machines through real-time error compensation
[32] Fuhua Lin, Lan Ye, Vincent G. Duffy, Chuan-Jun Su. Developing virtual environments for industrial training. Information Science. 2002
[33] J.W. Fan, J.l. Guan, W.C. Wang, Q. Luo, X.L. Zhang, L.Y. Wang. Auniversal modeling method for enhancement the volumetric accuracy of CNC machine tools. Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 2002(129)
[34] SAYEED NURUL GHANI. Digital Computer Simulation of Three-Phase Induction Machine Dynamics—A Generalized Approach. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS. 1988(1)
[35] Zhou Ming, Li Jianguang, Yuan Zhejun, Tan Jiubin. Study on simulation system for 3-axis NC milling
[36] Ruegg A. A generalized kinematics model for three-to-five milling machines and their implementation in a CNC. Annals of the CIRP. 1992(1)
[37] 汪列隆，朱壮瑞，孙庆鸿．机床导轨滑块结合面参数识别研究．机械工程师，2006(9)：55-57
[38] 龚莉，刘诚，余颖，花军．数控加工中心主轴箱支撑架动态试验分析．木材加工机械，2006，No．17(3)：5-7
[39] 杨理诚，周新民，桑建兵，刘剑．基于动态测试的机床主轴系统仿真研究．机床与液压，2006(6)：217-219
[40] 魏涛，刘涛，石秀勇等．多缸柴油机机体结构有限元模态分析．内燃机与动力装置，2006(4)：6-10
[41] 谢黎明，代昌浩，符卫东．车铣复合加工中心主轴结构胡有限元分析．组合机床与自动化加工技术，2006(2)：29-30，33
[42] 李金泉，陈恳，丁洪生．基于有限元法6-UPS并联机床模态分析．组合机床与自动化加工技术，2006(3)：1-3