基于软核处理器的嵌入式操作系统的研究与应用
摘要
嵌入式操作系统(Embedded Operating System，简称EOS)是专用于嵌入式系统的操作系统。按照实时性，分为实时操作系统(Real-Time Operating System，简称RTOS)和非实时操作系统。μC／OS-Ⅱ和μClinux是这两种操作系统的代表。Altera公司的NiosⅡ是目前应用最广泛的软核处理器(soft core processor)。μC／OS-Ⅱ已经被Altera公司移植到NiosⅡ处理器上并集成到NiosⅡ集成开发环境NiosⅡIDE中，μClinux也由第三方的Microtronix公司移植到NiosⅡ处理器上，但仅用于商业用途，不支持软件定制，而且不能支持NiosⅡIDE 5.0后续版本。
本文研究了上述两种嵌入式操作系统在软核处理器NiosⅡ上的移植问题，提出了使用μClinux原发布包移植μClinux到NiosⅡ处理器的方法。该方法使用μClinux原发布包取代了商用的MicrotronixμClinux发布包，在两种主要的NiosⅡ开发板上分别成功移植了μClinux的两个最新版本，使得在NiosⅡ平台开发基于μClinux的应用程序摆脱了NiosⅡIDE版本的限制，而且可以使用各种稳定版本的开源μClinux，为在NiosⅡ平台上开发复杂的非实时性应用提供了软件平台。
本文对移植到NiosⅡ开发板上的μClinux进行了多进程测试。测试使用操作系统原理中经典的生产者／消费者模式，利用信号量实现了嵌入式平台上的进程同步。
本文还在μC／OS-Ⅱ上通过为SD卡集成μC／FS文件系统，完成了NiosⅡ平台上SD卡的软件开发；利用μClinux提供的DM9000A网卡驱动，实现了一个简单的嵌入式Web Server，还使用USB摄像头完成了对μClinux的USB驱动的测试。通过实验证明在移植嵌入式操作系统后的NiosⅡ处理器平台进行软件开发有驱动接口丰富、支持软件定制和裁剪、代码公开的优势。
Embedded operating systems(EOS) are operating systems which are used for embedded systems. There are two kinds of operating systems by real-time character: real-time OS and non-real-time OS.μC/OS-II和μClinux stand for these two operarating systems. Nios II of Altera is the most widely used soft core processor.μC/OS-II has been transplanted into Nios II processor by Altera and merged in Nios II IDE.μClinux has been transplanted into Nios II processor by Microtronix, while is is used for commercial purpose and doesn't support software custom-made, and it is not available for version after 5.0 of Nios II IDE.
This paper focused on EOS transplanting question and address a method of transplantingμClinux into Nios II processor withμClinux original packet instead of MicrotronixμClinux packet. The paper referred to the success for transplantingμClinux's two versions into main two Nios II development boards. It resulted in more convenient for application ofμClinux based on Nios II platform because software development wiped out Nios II IDE version problem and every version ofμClinux is available. So the transplanting offered a software development platform for complex non-real-time application.
This paper also did muti-thread test on transplantedμClinux. A classic OS question: producer/consumer mode was used for the test and semaphore was used for thread synchronism on embedded system.
Besides, the papper completed SD card software development onμC/OS-II withμC/FS file system merged into Nios II IDE. And it accomplished an embedded web server with DM9000A network chip driver included byμClinux and finish USB interface test make use of USB camera and USB chip on Nios II board.
The work proved that Nios II platform transplanted with EOS has some advantages: many driver, custom-made and openness for codes.
本文研究了上述两种嵌入式操作系统在软核处理器NiosⅡ上的移植问题，提出了使用μClinux原发布包移植μClinux到NiosⅡ处理器的方法。该方法使用μClinux原发布包取代了商用的MicrotronixμClinux发布包，在两种主要的NiosⅡ开发板上分别成功移植了μClinux的两个最新版本，使得在NiosⅡ平台开发基于μClinux的应用程序摆脱了NiosⅡIDE版本的限制，而且可以使用各种稳定版本的开源μClinux，为在NiosⅡ平台上开发复杂的非实时性应用提供了软件平台。
本文对移植到NiosⅡ开发板上的μClinux进行了多进程测试。测试使用操作系统原理中经典的生产者／消费者模式，利用信号量实现了嵌入式平台上的进程同步。
本文还在μC／OS-Ⅱ上通过为SD卡集成μC／FS文件系统，完成了NiosⅡ平台上SD卡的软件开发；利用μClinux提供的DM9000A网卡驱动，实现了一个简单的嵌入式Web Server，还使用USB摄像头完成了对μClinux的USB驱动的测试。通过实验证明在移植嵌入式操作系统后的NiosⅡ处理器平台进行软件开发有驱动接口丰富、支持软件定制和裁剪、代码公开的优势。
Embedded operating systems(EOS) are operating systems which are used for embedded systems. There are two kinds of operating systems by real-time character: real-time OS and non-real-time OS.μC/OS-II和μClinux stand for these two operarating systems. Nios II of Altera is the most widely used soft core processor.μC/OS-II has been transplanted into Nios II processor by Altera and merged in Nios II IDE.μClinux has been transplanted into Nios II processor by Microtronix, while is is used for commercial purpose and doesn't support software custom-made, and it is not available for version after 5.0 of Nios II IDE.
This paper focused on EOS transplanting question and address a method of transplantingμClinux into Nios II processor withμClinux original packet instead of MicrotronixμClinux packet. The paper referred to the success for transplantingμClinux's two versions into main two Nios II development boards. It resulted in more convenient for application ofμClinux based on Nios II platform because software development wiped out Nios II IDE version problem and every version ofμClinux is available. So the transplanting offered a software development platform for complex non-real-time application.
This paper also did muti-thread test on transplantedμClinux. A classic OS question: producer/consumer mode was used for the test and semaphore was used for thread synchronism on embedded system.
Besides, the papper completed SD card software development onμC/OS-II withμC/FS file system merged into Nios II IDE. And it accomplished an embedded web server with DM9000A network chip driver included byμClinux and finish USB interface test make use of USB camera and USB chip on Nios II board.
The work proved that Nios II platform transplanted with EOS has some advantages: many driver, custom-made and openness for codes.
引文
[1] http://www.celinuxforum.org
[2] http://www.altera.com.cn
[3] 王俊卿 杨扬．基于Nios软核处理器μClinux的移植．微计算机信息．2005．21(1)．P3-4
[4] Atmark Techno, inc. μClinux-dist Developers Guide. Dec 28, 2004. P7-8
[5] 吴旭．移植μClinux到嵌入式系统的方法．集成电路应用．2005．(5)．P61-63
[6] 楚红雨 李磊民．实时操作系统μC／OS-Ⅱ在ARM9上移植的实现．计算机工程．2005．31(20)．P2
[7] JeanJ. Labrosse. MicroC/OS-Ⅱ(The Real-Time Kernel).Second Edition. San Francisco, CA. CMP Books. 2002. P36, P40-42
[8] http://www.μClinux. org
[9] 孙恺 王田苗．嵌入式CPU软核概述．计算机工程．2006．32(7)．P3-4
[10] Davicom Semiconductor, inc. DM9000A Application Notes. V1.20. Apr 22, 2005. P6-7
[11] Compaq Intel. universal serial bus specification. V2.0. Apr 27,2000. P275-281
[12] 吴坚 张家奇．μClinux下Web Server及CGI技术的实现．测控技术．2007．26(4)．P1-2
[13] 赵红敏．μClinux操作系统关键技术分析．科技咨询导报．2007．(5)．P1-2
[14] 杨瑞亚 肖璋．嵌入式μClinux内核启动过程分析与设计．微计算机信息．2005．21(08Z)．P32-33，147
[15] David McCullough. μClinux for Linux programmers. Specialized Systems Consultants, Inc. 2219 NW Market Street Seattle, WA USA. 2004. P7
[16] Yan-Jun Fang, Hu Jing. Development of innovative electrical parameter measuring instrument with net link access based on ARM and μClinux. Information Acquisition, 2004. Proceedings. International Conference on 21-25 June 2004. P168-171
[17] 宁杰城王春．ARM7内核上的μC／OS—Ⅱ嵌入式系统移植．中国测试技术．2005．31(2)．P2
[18] 朱华均．μC／OS-Ⅱ操作系统在ARM处理器上的移植．2004．30(B12)．P3-5
[19] Ke Cui, Zhenwei Wu. Research and implementation of remote monitoring system based on real-time μ Clinux. Services Systems and Services Management. 2005. Proceedings of ICSSSM'05. 2005 International Conference on Volume 2, 13-15 June 2005. P1182-1187
[20] http://www.niosforum.com
[21] Jae-Ho Lee, Heung-Nam Kim. Implementing priority inheritance semaphore on μC/OS real-time kernel. Software Technologies for Future Embedded Systems, 2003. IEEE Workshop on 15-16 May 2003 P83-86.
[22] 董亮 李正熙．基于μ Clinux的嵌入式系统设计．微计算机信息．2005．21(09Z)．P25-27
[23] 蒋巍泉 王前．基于Nios Ⅱ的μ Clinux研究与应用．科学技术与工程．20066(6)．P1069-1071，1075
[24] Klenke, RH. Experiences using the Xilinx Microblaze softcore processor and μClinux in computer engineering capstone senior design projects. 2007. IEEE International Conference on microelectronic systems educaton, prceedings, P123-124
[25] 李岩 王卫兵．基于S3C44BOX的μ Clinux操作系统内核移植哈尔滨理工大学学报．2006．1(2)．P73-75
[26] 马学文 朱名日．μ Clinux操作系统实时性能的研究与实现．计算机工程与科学2005．27(3)．P102-104
[27] 霍妍 孟凡荣．基于μClinux的Web Server的实现．开放系统世界．2004．6．P75-77
[28] 肖杰 李仁发．基于μClinux嵌入式系统开发平台的建立．科学技术与工程．2005．5(1)．P28-32
[29] 杨皓坤 王秀．基于ARM的μClinux网络控制系统的设计与实现．计算机应用研究．2005．22(6)．P189-191
[30] 蒋利军 陈庆荣．μC／OS-Ⅱ在ARM处理器上的移植．现代计算机．2006．8．P88-90
[31] 赵育宝．嵌入式操作系统的移植及分析．军民两用技术与产品．2006．7．P38-39
[32] 陆启帅 蒋冰华．μC／OS-Ⅱ在S3C44BOX处理器上的移植电脑知识与技术：学术交流．2006．1．P161，165
[33] 张杰 邱绍峰．基于ARM-μClinux的嵌入式产品平台构建．自动化与仪器仪表．2007．3．P68-70
[34] 农强．基于μClinux的嵌入式应用的研究与实现．福建电脑．2007．2．P197，213
[35] 周正 童维勤．嵌入式系统应用程序移植的研究．微计算机信息．2006．(10Z)．P145-147
[36] 刘欣 翟勇．μClinux平台上USB摄象头的驱动开发．自动化技术与应用．2006．25(10)．P77-78，91
[37] 杨健 张慧慧．基于ARM和μClinux实现网络化实时数据通信平台的研究．仪表技术与传感器．2006．9．P27-29
[2] http://www.altera.com.cn
[3] 王俊卿 杨扬．基于Nios软核处理器μClinux的移植．微计算机信息．2005．21(1)．P3-4
[4] Atmark Techno, inc. μClinux-dist Developers Guide. Dec 28, 2004. P7-8
[5] 吴旭．移植μClinux到嵌入式系统的方法．集成电路应用．2005．(5)．P61-63
[6] 楚红雨 李磊民．实时操作系统μC／OS-Ⅱ在ARM9上移植的实现．计算机工程．2005．31(20)．P2
[7] JeanJ. Labrosse. MicroC/OS-Ⅱ(The Real-Time Kernel).Second Edition. San Francisco, CA. CMP Books. 2002. P36, P40-42
[8] http://www.μClinux. org
[9] 孙恺 王田苗．嵌入式CPU软核概述．计算机工程．2006．32(7)．P3-4
[10] Davicom Semiconductor, inc. DM9000A Application Notes. V1.20. Apr 22, 2005. P6-7
[11] Compaq Intel. universal serial bus specification. V2.0. Apr 27,2000. P275-281
[12] 吴坚 张家奇．μClinux下Web Server及CGI技术的实现．测控技术．2007．26(4)．P1-2
[13] 赵红敏．μClinux操作系统关键技术分析．科技咨询导报．2007．(5)．P1-2
[14] 杨瑞亚 肖璋．嵌入式μClinux内核启动过程分析与设计．微计算机信息．2005．21(08Z)．P32-33，147
[15] David McCullough. μClinux for Linux programmers. Specialized Systems Consultants, Inc. 2219 NW Market Street Seattle, WA USA. 2004. P7
[16] Yan-Jun Fang, Hu Jing. Development of innovative electrical parameter measuring instrument with net link access based on ARM and μClinux. Information Acquisition, 2004. Proceedings. International Conference on 21-25 June 2004. P168-171
[17] 宁杰城王春．ARM7内核上的μC／OS—Ⅱ嵌入式系统移植．中国测试技术．2005．31(2)．P2
[18] 朱华均．μC／OS-Ⅱ操作系统在ARM处理器上的移植．2004．30(B12)．P3-5
[19] Ke Cui, Zhenwei Wu. Research and implementation of remote monitoring system based on real-time μ Clinux. Services Systems and Services Management. 2005. Proceedings of ICSSSM'05. 2005 International Conference on Volume 2, 13-15 June 2005. P1182-1187
[20] http://www.niosforum.com
[21] Jae-Ho Lee, Heung-Nam Kim. Implementing priority inheritance semaphore on μC/OS real-time kernel. Software Technologies for Future Embedded Systems, 2003. IEEE Workshop on 15-16 May 2003 P83-86.
[22] 董亮 李正熙．基于μ Clinux的嵌入式系统设计．微计算机信息．2005．21(09Z)．P25-27
[23] 蒋巍泉 王前．基于Nios Ⅱ的μ Clinux研究与应用．科学技术与工程．20066(6)．P1069-1071，1075
[24] Klenke, RH. Experiences using the Xilinx Microblaze softcore processor and μClinux in computer engineering capstone senior design projects. 2007. IEEE International Conference on microelectronic systems educaton, prceedings, P123-124
[25] 李岩 王卫兵．基于S3C44BOX的μ Clinux操作系统内核移植哈尔滨理工大学学报．2006．1(2)．P73-75
[26] 马学文 朱名日．μ Clinux操作系统实时性能的研究与实现．计算机工程与科学2005．27(3)．P102-104
[27] 霍妍 孟凡荣．基于μClinux的Web Server的实现．开放系统世界．2004．6．P75-77
[28] 肖杰 李仁发．基于μClinux嵌入式系统开发平台的建立．科学技术与工程．2005．5(1)．P28-32
[29] 杨皓坤 王秀．基于ARM的μClinux网络控制系统的设计与实现．计算机应用研究．2005．22(6)．P189-191
[30] 蒋利军 陈庆荣．μC／OS-Ⅱ在ARM处理器上的移植．现代计算机．2006．8．P88-90
[31] 赵育宝．嵌入式操作系统的移植及分析．军民两用技术与产品．2006．7．P38-39
[32] 陆启帅 蒋冰华．μC／OS-Ⅱ在S3C44BOX处理器上的移植电脑知识与技术：学术交流．2006．1．P161，165
[33] 张杰 邱绍峰．基于ARM-μClinux的嵌入式产品平台构建．自动化与仪器仪表．2007．3．P68-70
[34] 农强．基于μClinux的嵌入式应用的研究与实现．福建电脑．2007．2．P197，213
[35] 周正 童维勤．嵌入式系统应用程序移植的研究．微计算机信息．2006．(10Z)．P145-147
[36] 刘欣 翟勇．μClinux平台上USB摄象头的驱动开发．自动化技术与应用．2006．25(10)．P77-78，91
[37] 杨健 张慧慧．基于ARM和μClinux实现网络化实时数据通信平台的研究．仪表技术与传感器．2006．9．P27-29