基于物流产业集群的物流企业竞争优势研究
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摘要
该论文将集群视角和企业内部资源视角两者结合起来,全面考量物流产业集群内部的物流企业竞争要素,提出了物流企业竞争要素对于竞争优势影响的分析框架。该论文认为,物流产业集群内部的物流企业应该借助集群内部共享性资源以及自身的战略资源和独特能力,才能有效地赢得市场机遇,获得竞争优势。因而不仅企业内部战略资源和独特能力是竞争优势形成的源泉,集群内部可利用的具有价值性、稀缺性和难以模仿性的共享性资源也是物流企业竞争优势形成的源泉。物流企业的独特能力直接作用于企业的竞争优势,而物流企业的战略资源和物流产业集群的共享性资源通过独特能力间接作用于企业竞争优势。
在提出的分析框架基础之上,围绕“物流产业集群内部的物流企业如何获得竞争优势”这一主题,该论文进行了以下内容的研究：
(1)构建了物流产业集群内部的物流企业竞争要素体系
该论文将集群视角和企业内部资源视角两者结合起来,全面考量物流产业集群内部的物流企业竞争要素。在整理和借鉴前人的研究成果基础之上,通过分析物流产业集群的组成结构以及物流企业的价值链结构,提炼出基于物流产业集群共享性资源、物流企业战略资源、物流企业独特能力三部分构成的竞争要素体系,并对各个具体要素进行了界定和分析。
(2)构建了基于物流产业集群的物流企业竞争要素对竞争优势的影响机制理论模型
该论文通过归纳演绎和逻辑推理,从纵观研究的角度分析了物流企业资源演化轨迹,并在分析物流企业竞争优势的种类基础之上,分析了基于物流产业集群的物流企业竞争要素对竞争优势的影响路径,由此构建了基于物流产业集群的物流企业竞争要素对竞争优势的影响机制理论模型,并提出了具体的研究假设。
(3)进行了实证分析
该论文构建了物流产业集群内部的物流企业竞争要素的量表,并通过专家学者、企业家访谈和小样本预调查加以修改和完善；再通过大范围的问卷调查,获得包括武汉、深圳、浙江等201家物流产业集群内物流企业的有效数据,运用SPSS for windows17.0、AMOS7.0软件,通过探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析方法对测量量表的信度和效度进行了检验,并构建结构方程模型进行模型拟合检验,并通过剔除不显著路径和增加自变量与因变量之间的路径方法获得两个比较模型,最终确定基于物流产业集群的物流企业竞争要素对竞争优势的影响机制结构模型。
分析结果验证了独特能力对竞争优势的直接作用以及物流企业战略资源和物流产业集群共享性资源对竞争优势的间接作用；通过路径系数分析,验证了独特能力、战略资源、物流产业集群共享性资源对竞争优势的具体影响。
This paper combines the view of cluster and enterprise interior resource perspective and puts forward a three-dimensional analytical framework. The article argues that logistics enterprises in logistics industrial cluster should make full use of advantage of cluster.By cluster shared resource, the strategic resources and distinctive competences of logistics enterprises, logistics enterprises can effectively win market opportunities, gain a competitive advantage. Not only the enterprise's strategic resources and distinctive competences are competitive facters, but also logistics industry cluster's shared resources which are value, scarcity and difficult to imitate are logistics enterprise competitive facters. On this basis, the paper put forward that the logistics enterprise's distinctive competences act directly on the competitive advantage of the enterprise, and the enterprise's strategic resources and logistics industry cluster's shared resources effect on the competitive advantage of enterprises through the unique ability.
On the basis of the framework of three-dimensional analysis basis, around the theme of how logistics enterprise in logistics industrial cluster to gain competitive advantage, this paper study on the underside contents.
(1) Constructing competitive facters system of logistics enterprises in logistics industrial cluster
This paper combines the view of cluster and enterprise interior resource perspective and comprehensively consider competitive facters of logistics enterprises in logistics industrial cluster, On the base of arranging and drawing on previous research results, through the analysis of logistics industrial cluster structure and the enterprises value chain structure, three-dimensional form competitive facter system which has three conponents of the enterprise's strategic resources, distinctive competences and cluster shared resource.The specific elements are further defined and analyzed in this article.
(2) Constructing effect theoretical model which competitive advantage factors of logistics enter prise in logistics industry cluster impact on the competitive advantage
Through induction and deduction as well as logical reasoning, the paper analyzed the evolution of logistics enterprise resource from the longitudinal studyperspective and the types of logistics enterprise competitive advantage.Based on this, the logistics enterprise competitive factors impacting on competitive advantage path are analyzed.So the theoretical model of effect machinism is built and the research hypothesis are put forward..
(3) The empirical analysis
This paper works out measuring indicators for all the competitive advantage factors of logistics enter prise in logistics industry cluster.which are amended and consummated,viainterviews with specialist,scholars and entrepreneurs and small-sample pre-surveying. Effective data of201logistics enterprises in in logistics industry cluster are abtained Including Shenzhen, Zhejiang, Wuhan etc. Using SPSS for windows17, AMOS7.0software, the paper check out measuring scale reliability and validity through exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis and construct structural equation model to have a model fitting test, By eliminating the significant path and increasing the path between variables and dependent variables, two comparative model are obtained. Finally the effect mechanism structure model are determined.
The results validates direct effect which the distinctive competences act to competitive advantage and indirect effect which the enterprise's strategic resources and cluster shared resource act to competitive advantage. By path coefficient analysis, the paper verifies the specific effects which distinctive competences, strategic resources, shared resources of logistics industrial clusters act to competitive advantages.
在提出的分析框架基础之上,围绕“物流产业集群内部的物流企业如何获得竞争优势”这一主题,该论文进行了以下内容的研究：
(1)构建了物流产业集群内部的物流企业竞争要素体系
该论文将集群视角和企业内部资源视角两者结合起来,全面考量物流产业集群内部的物流企业竞争要素。在整理和借鉴前人的研究成果基础之上,通过分析物流产业集群的组成结构以及物流企业的价值链结构,提炼出基于物流产业集群共享性资源、物流企业战略资源、物流企业独特能力三部分构成的竞争要素体系,并对各个具体要素进行了界定和分析。
(2)构建了基于物流产业集群的物流企业竞争要素对竞争优势的影响机制理论模型
该论文通过归纳演绎和逻辑推理,从纵观研究的角度分析了物流企业资源演化轨迹,并在分析物流企业竞争优势的种类基础之上,分析了基于物流产业集群的物流企业竞争要素对竞争优势的影响路径,由此构建了基于物流产业集群的物流企业竞争要素对竞争优势的影响机制理论模型,并提出了具体的研究假设。
(3)进行了实证分析
该论文构建了物流产业集群内部的物流企业竞争要素的量表,并通过专家学者、企业家访谈和小样本预调查加以修改和完善；再通过大范围的问卷调查,获得包括武汉、深圳、浙江等201家物流产业集群内物流企业的有效数据,运用SPSS for windows17.0、AMOS7.0软件,通过探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析方法对测量量表的信度和效度进行了检验,并构建结构方程模型进行模型拟合检验,并通过剔除不显著路径和增加自变量与因变量之间的路径方法获得两个比较模型,最终确定基于物流产业集群的物流企业竞争要素对竞争优势的影响机制结构模型。
分析结果验证了独特能力对竞争优势的直接作用以及物流企业战略资源和物流产业集群共享性资源对竞争优势的间接作用；通过路径系数分析,验证了独特能力、战略资源、物流产业集群共享性资源对竞争优势的具体影响。
This paper combines the view of cluster and enterprise interior resource perspective and puts forward a three-dimensional analytical framework. The article argues that logistics enterprises in logistics industrial cluster should make full use of advantage of cluster.By cluster shared resource, the strategic resources and distinctive competences of logistics enterprises, logistics enterprises can effectively win market opportunities, gain a competitive advantage. Not only the enterprise's strategic resources and distinctive competences are competitive facters, but also logistics industry cluster's shared resources which are value, scarcity and difficult to imitate are logistics enterprise competitive facters. On this basis, the paper put forward that the logistics enterprise's distinctive competences act directly on the competitive advantage of the enterprise, and the enterprise's strategic resources and logistics industry cluster's shared resources effect on the competitive advantage of enterprises through the unique ability.
On the basis of the framework of three-dimensional analysis basis, around the theme of how logistics enterprise in logistics industrial cluster to gain competitive advantage, this paper study on the underside contents.
(1) Constructing competitive facters system of logistics enterprises in logistics industrial cluster
This paper combines the view of cluster and enterprise interior resource perspective and comprehensively consider competitive facters of logistics enterprises in logistics industrial cluster, On the base of arranging and drawing on previous research results, through the analysis of logistics industrial cluster structure and the enterprises value chain structure, three-dimensional form competitive facter system which has three conponents of the enterprise's strategic resources, distinctive competences and cluster shared resource.The specific elements are further defined and analyzed in this article.
(2) Constructing effect theoretical model which competitive advantage factors of logistics enter prise in logistics industry cluster impact on the competitive advantage
Through induction and deduction as well as logical reasoning, the paper analyzed the evolution of logistics enterprise resource from the longitudinal studyperspective and the types of logistics enterprise competitive advantage.Based on this, the logistics enterprise competitive factors impacting on competitive advantage path are analyzed.So the theoretical model of effect machinism is built and the research hypothesis are put forward..
(3) The empirical analysis
This paper works out measuring indicators for all the competitive advantage factors of logistics enter prise in logistics industry cluster.which are amended and consummated,viainterviews with specialist,scholars and entrepreneurs and small-sample pre-surveying. Effective data of201logistics enterprises in in logistics industry cluster are abtained Including Shenzhen, Zhejiang, Wuhan etc. Using SPSS for windows17, AMOS7.0software, the paper check out measuring scale reliability and validity through exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis and construct structural equation model to have a model fitting test, By eliminating the significant path and increasing the path between variables and dependent variables, two comparative model are obtained. Finally the effect mechanism structure model are determined.
The results validates direct effect which the distinctive competences act to competitive advantage and indirect effect which the enterprise's strategic resources and cluster shared resource act to competitive advantage. By path coefficient analysis, the paper verifies the specific effects which distinctive competences, strategic resources, shared resources of logistics industrial clusters act to competitive advantages.
引文
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