第四方物流理论及其应用研究
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摘要
信息化与经济全球化的发展使得物流业务空间骤然扩大,在传统的供应商、顾客与第三方物流中需要一个全新的“物流整合者”,去执行全球化的物流运营与管理,第四方物流的概念就是在这个情况下被提出的。研究第四方物流对指导我国工商企业和物流企业改革、整合物流资源、指导物流产业健康成长有着极其重要的意义。
论文以第四方物流为研究对象,全面阐述了第四方物流的相关理论,深入分析了第四方物流的内涵,并且对一、二、三方物流进行了比较分析,提出了第四方物流运作模型。进一步建立了第四方物流的运输网络模型和指派模型,其中:对于运输网络模型的计算,首先在时间窗约束的情况下,运用遗传算法优化最佳运输路径,然后运用线性规划法考虑货物分配,对于指派模型的计算,构建效率矩阵,考虑第三方物流企业与各任务的匹配问题来选择第三方物流企业。结合中国实际情况,从发展第四方物流与传统物流企业的关系入手,通过SWOT分析,指出了我国发展第四方物流的对策,最后以广州安得供应链技术公司为例对第四方物流进行了实证分析。
通过研究,得出以下有益的研究成果和结论:
1.第四方物流作为供应链的组织者,利用电子商务等信息化技术,承担综合物流管理的职责,向客户提供全方位、一站式的物流服务;
Recently, that the development of informationalization and economic globalization has expanded the space of logistic operation requires a new role who plays "an integrated management" between the traditional vendors, the manufacturers, and the third party logistics (3PL) service providers. The notion of the fourth party logistics (4PL) is the outcome of the integrated management style which is executed in the phase of the global logistical planning management. Studying on the fourth party logistics is helpful to instruct the reforming of industrial and the commercial corporations and the logistic corporations, integrating the logistic resources in our country and developing the logistic industry healthily.The thesis is to widely elaborate the theory about 4PL, deeply analyze the inner meaning of it and the difference between 4PL, 3PL, 2PL and 1PL, and bring forward the operational model of 4PL.Furtherly, the transportation model and assignment mode is constructed . Toward the transportation model, firstly under the consideration of time windows, the routing optimization is implemented by genetic algorithm. Then the model is developed into a linear programming transportation problem and can be computed easily. Toward the assignment problem, the third party logistics companies are selected by the matrix of "efficiency" which is used to evaluate the matching of the companies and jobs. According to the analysis of the situation of a China and the relationship of 4PL and the traditional logistical corporations the countermeasures on the development of the fourth logistics in our country is figured out by an analytic tool —SWOT. The last part is to give an empirical analysis about the fourth party logistics operation with the example of Annto Supply Chain Technology Co., Ltd.The following fruits and conclusions can be attained through the above jobs:1. As the organizer, the fourth party logistics should take on the responsibility of synthesizing logistics management and supply omni-directional and one-stop services.2. The relationship of 4PL and 3PL is symbiotic.3. Developing the fourth party logistics in our country, there is strength and
opportunity, and the weakness and threat also exist. The government should exert the administrative function and take the effective measures and strategy.
论文以第四方物流为研究对象,全面阐述了第四方物流的相关理论,深入分析了第四方物流的内涵,并且对一、二、三方物流进行了比较分析,提出了第四方物流运作模型。进一步建立了第四方物流的运输网络模型和指派模型,其中:对于运输网络模型的计算,首先在时间窗约束的情况下,运用遗传算法优化最佳运输路径,然后运用线性规划法考虑货物分配,对于指派模型的计算,构建效率矩阵,考虑第三方物流企业与各任务的匹配问题来选择第三方物流企业。结合中国实际情况,从发展第四方物流与传统物流企业的关系入手,通过SWOT分析,指出了我国发展第四方物流的对策,最后以广州安得供应链技术公司为例对第四方物流进行了实证分析。
通过研究,得出以下有益的研究成果和结论:
1.第四方物流作为供应链的组织者,利用电子商务等信息化技术,承担综合物流管理的职责,向客户提供全方位、一站式的物流服务;
Recently, that the development of informationalization and economic globalization has expanded the space of logistic operation requires a new role who plays "an integrated management" between the traditional vendors, the manufacturers, and the third party logistics (3PL) service providers. The notion of the fourth party logistics (4PL) is the outcome of the integrated management style which is executed in the phase of the global logistical planning management. Studying on the fourth party logistics is helpful to instruct the reforming of industrial and the commercial corporations and the logistic corporations, integrating the logistic resources in our country and developing the logistic industry healthily.The thesis is to widely elaborate the theory about 4PL, deeply analyze the inner meaning of it and the difference between 4PL, 3PL, 2PL and 1PL, and bring forward the operational model of 4PL.Furtherly, the transportation model and assignment mode is constructed . Toward the transportation model, firstly under the consideration of time windows, the routing optimization is implemented by genetic algorithm. Then the model is developed into a linear programming transportation problem and can be computed easily. Toward the assignment problem, the third party logistics companies are selected by the matrix of "efficiency" which is used to evaluate the matching of the companies and jobs. According to the analysis of the situation of a China and the relationship of 4PL and the traditional logistical corporations the countermeasures on the development of the fourth logistics in our country is figured out by an analytic tool —SWOT. The last part is to give an empirical analysis about the fourth party logistics operation with the example of Annto Supply Chain Technology Co., Ltd.The following fruits and conclusions can be attained through the above jobs:1. As the organizer, the fourth party logistics should take on the responsibility of synthesizing logistics management and supply omni-directional and one-stop services.2. The relationship of 4PL and 3PL is symbiotic.3. Developing the fourth party logistics in our country, there is strength and
opportunity, and the weakness and threat also exist. The government should exert the administrative function and take the effective measures and strategy.
引文
[1] 柳和玲.第三方物流理论研究(硕士论文).北京工业大学.2002
[2] 霍红.第三方物流企业经营与管理.北京:中国物资出版社,2003
[3] Kate Vitasek. Supply Chain Visions. Belleve, Washington. 2003
[4] Robert C. Liebe, Michael E Hichey. Annual 3PL user and provider survey. Northeastern University/Accenture. 2002
[5] Rosalyn Wilson, Robert V. Delaney. 14th Annual "State Of Logistics Report". National Press Club, Washington, D. C. June 2, 2003
[6] 约翰·盖特纳.战略供应链联盟.北京:经济管理出版社,2003
[7] 摩根·斯坦利亚太投资研究组.中国物流报告.2001
[8] Johan Kittel. A study of the definitions describing Logistic Service Providers of today (Master Thesis). Lund Institute of Technology. 2003
[9] Tom Foster. 4PLs: The next generation for supply chain outsourcing. Logistics Management. 1999 (4)
[10] William C Copacino. A growing tidal wave of supply-chain outsourcing. Logistics Management. 1998 (1)
[11] www.e4plrc.com
[12] 宋华.整合供应链服务提供商——第四方物流.经济理论与经济管理.2003(8):41-44
[13] 马士华,林勇等.供应链管理.北京:机械工业出版社,1998
[14] 供应链管理.www.china-pub.com
[15] 金江军,潘懋.现代物流.北京:北京大学出版社,2003
[16] 上海交大欧姆龙软件股份有限公司.南京王家湾物流中心项目设计方案.2001
[17] 王信博.专业物流在企业全球运筹管理之定位与影响之探讨(硕士论文).大业大学.2003
[18] 陆道生.第四方物流:理论探索与实践运作.上海:上海社会科学院出版社,2003
[19] Xiu LI, Weiyun YING, Wenhuang LIU, Jianqing CHEN, Biqing HUANG. The Decision Optimization Model of 4PL. Systems, Man and Cybernetics, IEEE International Conference, pp. 1241-1245, 2003a
[20] Xiu LI, Wenhuang LIU, Lin LEI, Yu ZHAO, Shouju REN. The Design and Realization of Four Party Logistics. Systems, Man and Cybernetics, IEEE International Conference, pp. 838-842, 2003b
[21] 刘向东.供应链中的物流控制模式与机制研究[J].WWW.AMTEAM.ORG
[22] 张新,田澎.第四方物流及对物流规划功能的外包.工业工程与管理.2002(2):39—40
[23] 李虹,吕延杰.第四方物流在我国的发展与应用.北京邮电大学学报(社会科学版).2003(2):30—31
[24] John Gattorna. Strategic Supply Chain Alignment. Gower Pub Co, 1998
[25] Jon Bumstead, Kempton Cannons. From 4PL to Managed Supply-Chain Operations. Accenture. 2002
[26] www.amteam.org
[27] 56net.浅谈第四方物流的优点与优势.商品储运与养护.2001(5):21—23
[28] 吴娅雄.物流发展新趋势—第四方物流(4PL).价值工程.2003(3):38—39
[29] Thomas Craig. 4PL versus 3PL—A Business Process Outsourcing Option For International Supply Chain Management. World Wide Shipping. 2003
[30] 陈建清,刘文煌,张安廷.第四方物流现状及决策支持初探.科学学与科学技术管理.2002(9):72-74
[31] 陈建清,刘文煌,李秀.第四方物流中基于多维权的有向图模型及算法.工业工程与管理.2003(3):45—46
[32] 张庆年.大规模外贸物流系统规划计算方法研究.武汉大学学报(社会科学版).2001(3):319—324
[33] 李军,郭耀煌.物流配送车辆优化调度理论与方法.北京:中国物资出版社,2001
[34] 骆义.物流配送车辆调度优化研究(硕士论文).大连海事大学.2002
[35] 张权,修宏伟.遗传算法在指派问题中的应用.沈阳建筑工程学院学报.1997(1):25—28
[36] 肖智,钟波,李滢兵.指派问题在供应商选优决策中的应用.运筹与管理.2002(3):63—68
[37] Hoong Chuin LAU, Yam Guan GOH. An Intelligent Brokering System to Support Multi-Agent Web-Based 4th-Party Logistics. Proceeding of the 14th IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence. 2002
[38] 周根贵,翁潇彬.进化计算在多阶段生产计划问题中的应用.系统工程理论与实践.2001(4):19—23
[39] 王小平,曹立明.遗传算法:理论、应用及软件实现.西安:西安交通大学,2002
[40] 周明,孙树栋.遗传算法原理及应用.北京:国防工业出版社,1996
[41] 玄光男,程润伟.遗传算法与工程优化.北京:清华大学,2004
[42] 胡知能,徐玖平.运筹学——线性系统优化.北京:科学出版社,2003
[43] 李言,陈祖安,徐跃飞,张晓坤,彭炎午.指派问题的遗传算法研究与实现.西安理工大学学报.1996(4):271—276
[44] 丁俊发.中国物流.北京:中国物资出版社,2002
[45] 中华人民共和国国家统计局.中国统计年鉴——2003.北京:中国统计出版社,2003
[46] 中国物流与采购联合会.物流行业分析报告.2003
[47] 国家信息中心中国经济信息网.中国行业发展报告——物流业.北京:中国经济出版社,2003
[48] www.56.com.cn
[49] 汪鸣,冯浩.我国物流业发展政策研究.北京:中国计划出版社,2002
[50] 陈宇,唐春勇.论第四方物流及今后的发展策略.经济问题.2003(7):7—9
[51] 钟正我,朱福良,孙志岩.政府促进第四方物流发展的对策探讨.江苏商论.2004(2):45—46
[52] 陆道生.第四方物流——物流业与相关产业的整合者.上海综合经济.2003(11):66—69
[53] 张震,樊福卓.第四方物流对中国物流产业发展战略的影响.国际商务研究.2002(3):44—47,65
[54] William C. Copacino.3PLs narrow the gap. Logistics Management. 2001(3)
[55] Douglas Bade, James Mueller, Bryan Youd. Technology in the Next Generation of Supply Chain Outsourcing—Leveraging Capabilities of Fourth Party Logistics. Aseet. 1999(4)
[56] Thomas A Foster. Who's in charge around here. Logistics Management. 1999 (6)
[57] www.agilistics.com.au/4pl/
[58] www.clml.org
[59] www.56net.com
[60] www.annto.com
[61] www.cimtalk.com
[2] 霍红.第三方物流企业经营与管理.北京:中国物资出版社,2003
[3] Kate Vitasek. Supply Chain Visions. Belleve, Washington. 2003
[4] Robert C. Liebe, Michael E Hichey. Annual 3PL user and provider survey. Northeastern University/Accenture. 2002
[5] Rosalyn Wilson, Robert V. Delaney. 14th Annual "State Of Logistics Report". National Press Club, Washington, D. C. June 2, 2003
[6] 约翰·盖特纳.战略供应链联盟.北京:经济管理出版社,2003
[7] 摩根·斯坦利亚太投资研究组.中国物流报告.2001
[8] Johan Kittel. A study of the definitions describing Logistic Service Providers of today (Master Thesis). Lund Institute of Technology. 2003
[9] Tom Foster. 4PLs: The next generation for supply chain outsourcing. Logistics Management. 1999 (4)
[10] William C Copacino. A growing tidal wave of supply-chain outsourcing. Logistics Management. 1998 (1)
[11] www.e4plrc.com
[12] 宋华.整合供应链服务提供商——第四方物流.经济理论与经济管理.2003(8):41-44
[13] 马士华,林勇等.供应链管理.北京:机械工业出版社,1998
[14] 供应链管理.www.china-pub.com
[15] 金江军,潘懋.现代物流.北京:北京大学出版社,2003
[16] 上海交大欧姆龙软件股份有限公司.南京王家湾物流中心项目设计方案.2001
[17] 王信博.专业物流在企业全球运筹管理之定位与影响之探讨(硕士论文).大业大学.2003
[18] 陆道生.第四方物流:理论探索与实践运作.上海:上海社会科学院出版社,2003
[19] Xiu LI, Weiyun YING, Wenhuang LIU, Jianqing CHEN, Biqing HUANG. The Decision Optimization Model of 4PL. Systems, Man and Cybernetics, IEEE International Conference, pp. 1241-1245, 2003a
[20] Xiu LI, Wenhuang LIU, Lin LEI, Yu ZHAO, Shouju REN. The Design and Realization of Four Party Logistics. Systems, Man and Cybernetics, IEEE International Conference, pp. 838-842, 2003b
[21] 刘向东.供应链中的物流控制模式与机制研究[J].WWW.AMTEAM.ORG
[22] 张新,田澎.第四方物流及对物流规划功能的外包.工业工程与管理.2002(2):39—40
[23] 李虹,吕延杰.第四方物流在我国的发展与应用.北京邮电大学学报(社会科学版).2003(2):30—31
[24] John Gattorna. Strategic Supply Chain Alignment. Gower Pub Co, 1998
[25] Jon Bumstead, Kempton Cannons. From 4PL to Managed Supply-Chain Operations. Accenture. 2002
[26] www.amteam.org
[27] 56net.浅谈第四方物流的优点与优势.商品储运与养护.2001(5):21—23
[28] 吴娅雄.物流发展新趋势—第四方物流(4PL).价值工程.2003(3):38—39
[29] Thomas Craig. 4PL versus 3PL—A Business Process Outsourcing Option For International Supply Chain Management. World Wide Shipping. 2003
[30] 陈建清,刘文煌,张安廷.第四方物流现状及决策支持初探.科学学与科学技术管理.2002(9):72-74
[31] 陈建清,刘文煌,李秀.第四方物流中基于多维权的有向图模型及算法.工业工程与管理.2003(3):45—46
[32] 张庆年.大规模外贸物流系统规划计算方法研究.武汉大学学报(社会科学版).2001(3):319—324
[33] 李军,郭耀煌.物流配送车辆优化调度理论与方法.北京:中国物资出版社,2001
[34] 骆义.物流配送车辆调度优化研究(硕士论文).大连海事大学.2002
[35] 张权,修宏伟.遗传算法在指派问题中的应用.沈阳建筑工程学院学报.1997(1):25—28
[36] 肖智,钟波,李滢兵.指派问题在供应商选优决策中的应用.运筹与管理.2002(3):63—68
[37] Hoong Chuin LAU, Yam Guan GOH. An Intelligent Brokering System to Support Multi-Agent Web-Based 4th-Party Logistics. Proceeding of the 14th IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence. 2002
[38] 周根贵,翁潇彬.进化计算在多阶段生产计划问题中的应用.系统工程理论与实践.2001(4):19—23
[39] 王小平,曹立明.遗传算法:理论、应用及软件实现.西安:西安交通大学,2002
[40] 周明,孙树栋.遗传算法原理及应用.北京:国防工业出版社,1996
[41] 玄光男,程润伟.遗传算法与工程优化.北京:清华大学,2004
[42] 胡知能,徐玖平.运筹学——线性系统优化.北京:科学出版社,2003
[43] 李言,陈祖安,徐跃飞,张晓坤,彭炎午.指派问题的遗传算法研究与实现.西安理工大学学报.1996(4):271—276
[44] 丁俊发.中国物流.北京:中国物资出版社,2002
[45] 中华人民共和国国家统计局.中国统计年鉴——2003.北京:中国统计出版社,2003
[46] 中国物流与采购联合会.物流行业分析报告.2003
[47] 国家信息中心中国经济信息网.中国行业发展报告——物流业.北京:中国经济出版社,2003
[48] www.56.com.cn
[49] 汪鸣,冯浩.我国物流业发展政策研究.北京:中国计划出版社,2002
[50] 陈宇,唐春勇.论第四方物流及今后的发展策略.经济问题.2003(7):7—9
[51] 钟正我,朱福良,孙志岩.政府促进第四方物流发展的对策探讨.江苏商论.2004(2):45—46
[52] 陆道生.第四方物流——物流业与相关产业的整合者.上海综合经济.2003(11):66—69
[53] 张震,樊福卓.第四方物流对中国物流产业发展战略的影响.国际商务研究.2002(3):44—47,65
[54] William C. Copacino.3PLs narrow the gap. Logistics Management. 2001(3)
[55] Douglas Bade, James Mueller, Bryan Youd. Technology in the Next Generation of Supply Chain Outsourcing—Leveraging Capabilities of Fourth Party Logistics. Aseet. 1999(4)
[56] Thomas A Foster. Who's in charge around here. Logistics Management. 1999 (6)
[57] www.agilistics.com.au/4pl/
[58] www.clml.org
[59] www.56net.com
[60] www.annto.com
[61] www.cimtalk.com