移动视频业务的快速频道切换方案的研究
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摘要
随着3G的部署和固定移动网络的融合,同时为固定终端和移动终端用户提供的移动视频业务获得了更多的关注和研究。但是,其支撑技术仍处于研究阶段,急需解决的难题之一就是快速的频道切换技术。相比于传统电视300ms的切换时间而言,移动视频切换时产生的很大时延,将很难满足用户需求,也极大的限制了业务推广和业务创新。因此,对于移动视频的进一步应用,减少移动视频的切换时延有重要意义。
论文首先介绍了移动视频业务的特点和快速频道切换的意义,随后分析了移动环境下视频的频道切换时间,指出等待参考帧的时间为其主要组成部分。在比较分析了目前几种数字视频业务的快速切换方法之后,基于H.264视频编码标准的SP/SI切换帧技术,论文提出了一种基于间插切换帧的移动视频业务快速频道切换方案,即通过合理地增加插入切换帧来减少等待参考帧这一频道切换的主要时间。论文还通过H.264视频编码标准对应的JM官方参考软件,对所提方案进行了多方面的性能分析和验证,包括测试序列的比特率和衡量图像质量的峰值信噪比PSNR、有/无误码时的参考帧等待时间等,仿真结果说明此方案可以有效地减少频道切换的时间。最后,在MBMS的移动网络架构下,提出了基于收视率统计和间插帧或分层编码相结合的两个创新方案,并对其进行了可行性分析。
论文的主要工作和创新点包括:
1.分析了在移动环境下数字视频业务的频道切换时间,指出等待参考帧的时间为其主要组成部分;
2.基于H.264视频编码标准的SP/SI切换帧技术,提出了通过合理插入切换帧来减少频道切换主要时间的移动视频快速频道切换方案,并从多个方面仿真验证了所提方案的有效性;
3.在MBMS的网络架构下,提出了收视率统计和间插帧相结合的快速频道切换方案,以及收视率统计与分层编码相结合的快速频道切换方案,二者均可实现快速的频道切换,可适用于不同的应用场合。
With 3G and the convergence of wired and wireless networks, the mobile video services for either fixed or mobile terminals are attracting more and more attention. However, its enabling technologies are still in the researching stage, one of the difficulties among which is the method of fast channel switching. Compared to switching time of 300ms in traditional TV, the long delay of mobile video switching will not satisfy the users' requirements, and will limit services' spreading and innovation. So, it's significant to reduce the switching delay of mobile video services for their furthermore applications.
First, the feature of mobile video services and the significance of fast channel switch are introduced. In the following, the channel switching time in mobile environment is analyzed, in which the time of waiting for reference frames is identified as the main part. After researching on current methods of reducing channel switching time, a novel scheme of switching frames insertion, based on SP/SI frames of H.264, is proposed. That is to say, by inserting the switching frames properly, the time of waiting for reference frames, namely the major time of the channel switching time, can be reduced. By utilizing JM software, simulations are conducted to validate and evaluate the scheme proposed, such as bitrate and PSNR, waiting time of reference frames in error or errorless. The results show that by the scheme, the channel switch time for mobile video services can be decreased effectively. At last, under MBMS, two innovative schemes based on audience ratings and frames insertion or layered encoding are proposed.
This paper innovates in the following fields:
1. Analyzes the channel switch time in mobile environment, points out that the time of waiting reference frames is the main part;
2. Based on SP/SI frames of H.264, a novel scheme of switching frames insertion is proposed, which can reduce the major time of the channel switch time, and simulations are conducted by JM software;
3. Under MBMS architecture, raises two innovative schemes based on audience ratings and frames insertion or layered encoding, which can realize fast channel switch and be used in different situations.
论文首先介绍了移动视频业务的特点和快速频道切换的意义,随后分析了移动环境下视频的频道切换时间,指出等待参考帧的时间为其主要组成部分。在比较分析了目前几种数字视频业务的快速切换方法之后,基于H.264视频编码标准的SP/SI切换帧技术,论文提出了一种基于间插切换帧的移动视频业务快速频道切换方案,即通过合理地增加插入切换帧来减少等待参考帧这一频道切换的主要时间。论文还通过H.264视频编码标准对应的JM官方参考软件,对所提方案进行了多方面的性能分析和验证,包括测试序列的比特率和衡量图像质量的峰值信噪比PSNR、有/无误码时的参考帧等待时间等,仿真结果说明此方案可以有效地减少频道切换的时间。最后,在MBMS的移动网络架构下,提出了基于收视率统计和间插帧或分层编码相结合的两个创新方案,并对其进行了可行性分析。
论文的主要工作和创新点包括:
1.分析了在移动环境下数字视频业务的频道切换时间,指出等待参考帧的时间为其主要组成部分;
2.基于H.264视频编码标准的SP/SI切换帧技术,提出了通过合理插入切换帧来减少频道切换主要时间的移动视频快速频道切换方案,并从多个方面仿真验证了所提方案的有效性;
3.在MBMS的网络架构下,提出了收视率统计和间插帧相结合的快速频道切换方案,以及收视率统计与分层编码相结合的快速频道切换方案,二者均可实现快速的频道切换,可适用于不同的应用场合。
With 3G and the convergence of wired and wireless networks, the mobile video services for either fixed or mobile terminals are attracting more and more attention. However, its enabling technologies are still in the researching stage, one of the difficulties among which is the method of fast channel switching. Compared to switching time of 300ms in traditional TV, the long delay of mobile video switching will not satisfy the users' requirements, and will limit services' spreading and innovation. So, it's significant to reduce the switching delay of mobile video services for their furthermore applications.
First, the feature of mobile video services and the significance of fast channel switch are introduced. In the following, the channel switching time in mobile environment is analyzed, in which the time of waiting for reference frames is identified as the main part. After researching on current methods of reducing channel switching time, a novel scheme of switching frames insertion, based on SP/SI frames of H.264, is proposed. That is to say, by inserting the switching frames properly, the time of waiting for reference frames, namely the major time of the channel switching time, can be reduced. By utilizing JM software, simulations are conducted to validate and evaluate the scheme proposed, such as bitrate and PSNR, waiting time of reference frames in error or errorless. The results show that by the scheme, the channel switch time for mobile video services can be decreased effectively. At last, under MBMS, two innovative schemes based on audience ratings and frames insertion or layered encoding are proposed.
This paper innovates in the following fields:
1. Analyzes the channel switch time in mobile environment, points out that the time of waiting reference frames is the main part;
2. Based on SP/SI frames of H.264, a novel scheme of switching frames insertion is proposed, which can reduce the major time of the channel switch time, and simulations are conducted by JM software;
3. Under MBMS architecture, raises two innovative schemes based on audience ratings and frames insertion or layered encoding, which can realize fast channel switch and be used in different situations.
引文
[1]张德干等.移动多媒体技术及其应用.北京:国防工业出版社,2006.2
[2]王力.关于手机电视与移动流媒体的现状与发展.广播电视信息,2006,1:51-53
[3]林福华.手机的移动视频业务.电子世界,2005,9:4-6
[4]魏凯.IPTV视频编码相关问题探讨.电信技术,2006,8:89-91
[5]范浩明.浅析手机电视.中国新通信,2006,9(17):56-62
[6]汪海天.浅谈手机电视及其实现方式.广播电视信息,2004,11:77-78
[7]倪兴,杜娟,李民详等.手机电视技术分析与比较.电视技术,2006,5:25-29
[8]曲鸣镝,张鹏.手机电视的实现技术研究.信息技术与信息化,2006,3:111-113
[9]余智,余兆明.手机电视(上).世界广播电视.2004,11:74-76
[10]成德峰,马刈非.手机电视解决方案初探.电视技术,2006,7:43-44
[11]李毅.中兴通讯WCDMA MBMS解决方案.电信科学,2006,6:85-87
[12]崔景龙.MBMS,下一个热点?华为技术,2005,10(8):42-44
[13]赵绍刚,董晓荔.3G移动网络中的组播与广播.电信网技术,2006,10(10):1-5
[14]田洪亮等.IPTV建设中的两个关键技术问题及其解决方案.中国图像图形学报,2005,10(11):1406-1410
[15]刘志勇,刘晓红.IPTV业务服务质量研究.中国泰尔实验室,www.chinattl.com
[16]Tim Rahrer,Riccardo Fiandra,Steven Wright.TR-126.DSL Forum Technical Report,Triple-play Services Quality of Experience(QoE)Requirements.SouthArchitecture &Transport Working Group,2006,12
[17]Chunglae Cho,Intak Han,Yongil Jun.Improvement of channel zapping time in IPTV services using the adjacent groups join-leave method.The 6th International Conference,2004(2):971-975
[18]沈嘉,姜涛.UMTS演进之路.移动通信,2006,12:20-23.
[19]王东峰,董晓宇.手机直播业务的发展前景.中国多媒体视讯,2005,6:66-68
[20]华为技术有限公司.视频组播业务中频道切换的实现方法.CN 1783831 A,200410052477.0,2006,6,7
[21]华为技术有限公司.组播频道快速切换的实现方法.CN 1716902 A,200410069507.9,2006,1,4
[22]于婧,贾凤根,张兴明等.组播技术在IPTV中的应用.电信科学,2005,5:35-38
[23]Jill M.BOYCE and Alexis M.TOURAPIS.Fast Efficient Channel Change.Consumer Electronics,2005:1-2
[24]从贵福.IP DSLAM中对IPTV业务的支持[学位论文].北京邮电大学,2006,3
[25]刘峰.视频图像编码技术及国际标准.北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2005
[26]余智,余兆明.手机电视(下).世界广播电视.2004,12:64-66
[27]毕厚杰.新一代视频压缩编码标准--H.264/AVC.北京:人们邮电出版社,2005.5
[28]沈兰荪,卓力.小波编码与网络视频传输.北京:科学出版社,2005
[29]余兆明.H.264 SP帧和SI帧.中国多媒体通信,2006,1:54-58
[30]唐艳,孙军.H.264/AVC中S帧技术的应用与进展.电视技术,2005,8:18-23
[31]万萍等.H.264/AVC中的SP/SI帧技术.电视技术,2004,1:22-25
[32]徐真真等.视频编码标准中SP/SI帧的发展及应用.有线电视技术,2005,18:22-25
[33]王原丽,张杰.基于码流切换的SP/SI帧技术研究.武汉理工大学学报,2006,28(7):79-82
[34]Marta Karczewicz and Ragip Kurceren.The SP- and SI-Frames Design for H.264/AVC.IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR VIDEO TECHNOLOGY,2003,13(7):637-644
[35]Joint Video Team(JVT)of ISO/IEC MPEG & ITU-T VCEG(ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11and ITU-T SG16 Q.6),17th Meeting:Nice,FR,14-21 October,2005
[36]ITU - Telecommunications Standardization Sector Q.6/SG16(VCEG),Fourteenth Meeting:Santa Barbara,CA,USA,Sept.,2001
[37]Thomas Stockhammer,Michael Walter,Gunther Liebl.OPTIMIZED H.264-BASED BITSTREAM SWITCHING FOR WIRELESS VIDEO STREAMING IEEE,2005
[38]余兆明等.图像编码标准H.264技术.北京:人民邮电出版社,2006.3
[39]王海婴等.H.264/AVC中SP帧技术的应用研究.计算机工程与应用,2005,32:58-62
[40]Eric Setton and Bernd Girod.Rate-Distortion Analysis and Streaming of SP and SI Frames.IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR VIDEO TECHNOLOGY,2006,16(6):733-743
[41]上海交通大学.基于频道切换与收视率模型的网络电视频道推送方法.CN 1713720 A,200510027928.X,2005,12,28
[42]刘宝锋,张文军,谷志奇.基于代理服务器缓存的Internet分层视频点播.上海交通大学学报,2005,4
[43]阎金,全子一,门爱东.基于H.264的时间可分级编码结构的研究.电视技术,2006,1:16-18
[44]颜科峰,滕国伟,邹雪妹等.一种基于H.264/AVC的空域分级编码方案.电视技术,2004,12:21-23
[45]Ai-Chun Pang,Shun-Mao Wang,Shiao-Li Tsao.QoS Multicasting over Mobile Networks.IEEE Globecom 2005:3697-3701
[46]张轶凡.WCDMA中的接入层时延预算分析.通信世界,2003,6:46-47
[2]王力.关于手机电视与移动流媒体的现状与发展.广播电视信息,2006,1:51-53
[3]林福华.手机的移动视频业务.电子世界,2005,9:4-6
[4]魏凯.IPTV视频编码相关问题探讨.电信技术,2006,8:89-91
[5]范浩明.浅析手机电视.中国新通信,2006,9(17):56-62
[6]汪海天.浅谈手机电视及其实现方式.广播电视信息,2004,11:77-78
[7]倪兴,杜娟,李民详等.手机电视技术分析与比较.电视技术,2006,5:25-29
[8]曲鸣镝,张鹏.手机电视的实现技术研究.信息技术与信息化,2006,3:111-113
[9]余智,余兆明.手机电视(上).世界广播电视.2004,11:74-76
[10]成德峰,马刈非.手机电视解决方案初探.电视技术,2006,7:43-44
[11]李毅.中兴通讯WCDMA MBMS解决方案.电信科学,2006,6:85-87
[12]崔景龙.MBMS,下一个热点?华为技术,2005,10(8):42-44
[13]赵绍刚,董晓荔.3G移动网络中的组播与广播.电信网技术,2006,10(10):1-5
[14]田洪亮等.IPTV建设中的两个关键技术问题及其解决方案.中国图像图形学报,2005,10(11):1406-1410
[15]刘志勇,刘晓红.IPTV业务服务质量研究.中国泰尔实验室,www.chinattl.com
[16]Tim Rahrer,Riccardo Fiandra,Steven Wright.TR-126.DSL Forum Technical Report,Triple-play Services Quality of Experience(QoE)Requirements.SouthArchitecture &Transport Working Group,2006,12
[17]Chunglae Cho,Intak Han,Yongil Jun.Improvement of channel zapping time in IPTV services using the adjacent groups join-leave method.The 6th International Conference,2004(2):971-975
[18]沈嘉,姜涛.UMTS演进之路.移动通信,2006,12:20-23.
[19]王东峰,董晓宇.手机直播业务的发展前景.中国多媒体视讯,2005,6:66-68
[20]华为技术有限公司.视频组播业务中频道切换的实现方法.CN 1783831 A,200410052477.0,2006,6,7
[21]华为技术有限公司.组播频道快速切换的实现方法.CN 1716902 A,200410069507.9,2006,1,4
[22]于婧,贾凤根,张兴明等.组播技术在IPTV中的应用.电信科学,2005,5:35-38
[23]Jill M.BOYCE and Alexis M.TOURAPIS.Fast Efficient Channel Change.Consumer Electronics,2005:1-2
[24]从贵福.IP DSLAM中对IPTV业务的支持[学位论文].北京邮电大学,2006,3
[25]刘峰.视频图像编码技术及国际标准.北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2005
[26]余智,余兆明.手机电视(下).世界广播电视.2004,12:64-66
[27]毕厚杰.新一代视频压缩编码标准--H.264/AVC.北京:人们邮电出版社,2005.5
[28]沈兰荪,卓力.小波编码与网络视频传输.北京:科学出版社,2005
[29]余兆明.H.264 SP帧和SI帧.中国多媒体通信,2006,1:54-58
[30]唐艳,孙军.H.264/AVC中S帧技术的应用与进展.电视技术,2005,8:18-23
[31]万萍等.H.264/AVC中的SP/SI帧技术.电视技术,2004,1:22-25
[32]徐真真等.视频编码标准中SP/SI帧的发展及应用.有线电视技术,2005,18:22-25
[33]王原丽,张杰.基于码流切换的SP/SI帧技术研究.武汉理工大学学报,2006,28(7):79-82
[34]Marta Karczewicz and Ragip Kurceren.The SP- and SI-Frames Design for H.264/AVC.IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR VIDEO TECHNOLOGY,2003,13(7):637-644
[35]Joint Video Team(JVT)of ISO/IEC MPEG & ITU-T VCEG(ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11and ITU-T SG16 Q.6),17th Meeting:Nice,FR,14-21 October,2005
[36]ITU - Telecommunications Standardization Sector Q.6/SG16(VCEG),Fourteenth Meeting:Santa Barbara,CA,USA,Sept.,2001
[37]Thomas Stockhammer,Michael Walter,Gunther Liebl.OPTIMIZED H.264-BASED BITSTREAM SWITCHING FOR WIRELESS VIDEO STREAMING IEEE,2005
[38]余兆明等.图像编码标准H.264技术.北京:人民邮电出版社,2006.3
[39]王海婴等.H.264/AVC中SP帧技术的应用研究.计算机工程与应用,2005,32:58-62
[40]Eric Setton and Bernd Girod.Rate-Distortion Analysis and Streaming of SP and SI Frames.IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR VIDEO TECHNOLOGY,2006,16(6):733-743
[41]上海交通大学.基于频道切换与收视率模型的网络电视频道推送方法.CN 1713720 A,200510027928.X,2005,12,28
[42]刘宝锋,张文军,谷志奇.基于代理服务器缓存的Internet分层视频点播.上海交通大学学报,2005,4
[43]阎金,全子一,门爱东.基于H.264的时间可分级编码结构的研究.电视技术,2006,1:16-18
[44]颜科峰,滕国伟,邹雪妹等.一种基于H.264/AVC的空域分级编码方案.电视技术,2004,12:21-23
[45]Ai-Chun Pang,Shun-Mao Wang,Shiao-Li Tsao.QoS Multicasting over Mobile Networks.IEEE Globecom 2005:3697-3701
[46]张轶凡.WCDMA中的接入层时延预算分析.通信世界,2003,6:46-47