轴向磁场盘式开关磁阻电机参数计算与设计研究
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摘要
轴向磁场盘式开关磁阻电机结合了盘式电机和开关磁阻电机的优点,特别适合于低速高转矩和轴向空间小的应用场合,近年来逐渐被关注并且具有重要的应用价值。但是目前盘式开关磁阻电机的研究相对较少而且不完整,其设计依靠三维有限元磁场计算,此种方法具有耗时多且不适于优化设计的缺陷,而磁路法正好避免了这些缺点,因此磁路分析仍应是该种电机设计计算的基础。针对该种电机的磁路分析设计,本文主要对其不同转子位置处的磁化曲线及磁路设计过程进行了研究,具体研究内容如下：
首先,给出了盘式开关磁阻电机结构、工作原理及优越性、动态模型,同时指出磁路分析设计所必须确知的几个关键位置的磁化曲线。
其次,采用解析法对轴向磁场盘式开关磁阻电机转子槽中心线与定子齿中心线对齐位置(不对齐位置)和定、转子齿中心线对齐位置(对齐位置)磁化曲线进行计算。先根据场计算结果和磁阻最小原理分析不对齐位置磁链分布特点且给出每部分磁链计算方法,并以12／8极和6／4极盘式开关磁阻电机为例将其解析计算结果与有限元结果进行比较验证解析法的正确性；对于对齐位置磁化曲线根据两极模型计算磁链和绕组电流关系并将结果与有限元结果进行曲线对比验证解析法的正确性。
再次,用解析法计算盘式开关磁阻电机定子齿前沿和转子齿前沿重叠位置(临界重叠位置)磁化曲线,同样根据场计算结果和磁阻最小原理分析临界重叠位置磁链分布特点可知此位置磁链分七部分计算,然后根据不同情况将总磁链乘以不同的系数,使其计算结果适用性更广。最后以12／8极和6／4极盘式开关磁阻电机为例将其解析计算结果与有限元计算结果进行比较验证解析法的正确性。
最后,基于以上三个关键位置磁化曲线分析盘式开关磁阻电机的磁路设计过程,对三个关键位置磁化曲线及某一给定电流下的ψ-θ曲线利用不同函数进行模化,然后根据开关磁阻电机的基本平衡方程计算电流和转矩的稳态性能曲线,并将最后计算结果与有限元结果进行比较分析其合理性。
The axial flux switched reluctance motor combines the advantages of axial flux motor and switched reluctance one and has found wide application especially in low-speed high-torque or small axial space driven field. The more and more people were attracted attentions to it. But the research of the axial flux switched reluctance motor is limited and incomplete whose design relies mainly on three dimensional magnetic field of the finite element with high precision but much computer time and such method is not practical in the optimal design. To design the motor quickly the paper analyses its steady-state performances in the method of magnetic circuit design, including the following:
Firstly, review the working principle of the axial flux switched reluctance motor and the mathematic model and state that the basic of magnetic circuit design is the magnetization curves of some key positions.
Secondly, compute the flux linkage plots at aligned and unaligned rotor positions of this kind of motor. On the basis of computing results by magnetic field and the theory of minimum reluctance, we analyze the distribution characteristics of flux linkage at unaligned rotor position and get the analytical results which are compared to the finite element calculating results by the examples of12/8and6/4poles axial flux switched reluctance motors and are verified to have sufficient precision; then according to two-pole model, calculate the flux linkage plot at the aligned position which is verified to agree with the one by the3-D FEM.
Then, calculate the flux linkage plot at the position of stator and rotor frontier overlap in analytical method. The flux linkage are segmented seven parts, the sum of these flux linkage is multiplied by a coefficient according to different situations to get the finale result which is verified to have sufficient precision by3-D FEM.
Finally, compile the program of the magnetic circuit design of the axial flux switched reluctance motor on the basis of three key position flux linkage plots above which is modeled by different functions and model the Ψ-θ curve at a given current in the same way. Then calculate steady-state curves on the basis of the basic balance equations of switched reluctance motor. The magnetic circuit design results approximately agree with the results by3-D FEM, so this method is reasonable.
首先,给出了盘式开关磁阻电机结构、工作原理及优越性、动态模型,同时指出磁路分析设计所必须确知的几个关键位置的磁化曲线。
其次,采用解析法对轴向磁场盘式开关磁阻电机转子槽中心线与定子齿中心线对齐位置(不对齐位置)和定、转子齿中心线对齐位置(对齐位置)磁化曲线进行计算。先根据场计算结果和磁阻最小原理分析不对齐位置磁链分布特点且给出每部分磁链计算方法,并以12／8极和6／4极盘式开关磁阻电机为例将其解析计算结果与有限元结果进行比较验证解析法的正确性；对于对齐位置磁化曲线根据两极模型计算磁链和绕组电流关系并将结果与有限元结果进行曲线对比验证解析法的正确性。
再次,用解析法计算盘式开关磁阻电机定子齿前沿和转子齿前沿重叠位置(临界重叠位置)磁化曲线,同样根据场计算结果和磁阻最小原理分析临界重叠位置磁链分布特点可知此位置磁链分七部分计算,然后根据不同情况将总磁链乘以不同的系数,使其计算结果适用性更广。最后以12／8极和6／4极盘式开关磁阻电机为例将其解析计算结果与有限元计算结果进行比较验证解析法的正确性。
最后,基于以上三个关键位置磁化曲线分析盘式开关磁阻电机的磁路设计过程,对三个关键位置磁化曲线及某一给定电流下的ψ-θ曲线利用不同函数进行模化,然后根据开关磁阻电机的基本平衡方程计算电流和转矩的稳态性能曲线,并将最后计算结果与有限元结果进行比较分析其合理性。
The axial flux switched reluctance motor combines the advantages of axial flux motor and switched reluctance one and has found wide application especially in low-speed high-torque or small axial space driven field. The more and more people were attracted attentions to it. But the research of the axial flux switched reluctance motor is limited and incomplete whose design relies mainly on three dimensional magnetic field of the finite element with high precision but much computer time and such method is not practical in the optimal design. To design the motor quickly the paper analyses its steady-state performances in the method of magnetic circuit design, including the following:
Firstly, review the working principle of the axial flux switched reluctance motor and the mathematic model and state that the basic of magnetic circuit design is the magnetization curves of some key positions.
Secondly, compute the flux linkage plots at aligned and unaligned rotor positions of this kind of motor. On the basis of computing results by magnetic field and the theory of minimum reluctance, we analyze the distribution characteristics of flux linkage at unaligned rotor position and get the analytical results which are compared to the finite element calculating results by the examples of12/8and6/4poles axial flux switched reluctance motors and are verified to have sufficient precision; then according to two-pole model, calculate the flux linkage plot at the aligned position which is verified to agree with the one by the3-D FEM.
Then, calculate the flux linkage plot at the position of stator and rotor frontier overlap in analytical method. The flux linkage are segmented seven parts, the sum of these flux linkage is multiplied by a coefficient according to different situations to get the finale result which is verified to have sufficient precision by3-D FEM.
Finally, compile the program of the magnetic circuit design of the axial flux switched reluctance motor on the basis of three key position flux linkage plots above which is modeled by different functions and model the Ψ-θ curve at a given current in the same way. Then calculate steady-state curves on the basis of the basic balance equations of switched reluctance motor. The magnetic circuit design results approximately agree with the results by3-D FEM, so this method is reasonable.
引文
[1]曹家勇,陈幼平,詹琼华,周祖德,开关磁阻电动机控制技术的研究现状和发展趋势,电机与控制学报,2002,06(1)：1-5
[2]吴红星,开关磁阻电机系统的理论与控制技术,北京：中国电力出版社,2010
[3]缪兰娣,国外盘式电动机发展概况简介,电机技术,1985,(4)：64-69
[4]R.Krishnan, M. Abouzeid, x.Mang.A Design Procedure for Axial Field Switched Reluctance Motors. IEEE Transactions Industry Applications,1990,36(3):241-246.
[5]李俊卿,李和明,开关磁阻电机发展综述,华北电力大学学报,2002,29(1)：1-5
[6]P.J.Lawrenson, J.M.Stephenson, P.T.Blenkinsop, Variable-speed switched reluctance motors, IEEE Proc.,1980,127(4):253-265
[7]徐仲春.开关磁阻电机起动／发电技术研究[D].西安：西北工业大学,2007.
[8]詹琼华,开关磁阻电动机,武汉：华中理工大学出版社,1992
[9]吴建华,开关磁阻电机设计与应用,北京：机械工业出版社,2000
[10]吴建华,詹琼华,林金铭,开关磁阻电机的前期设计,电工技术学报,1995(1)：34-38
[11]唐任远等,现代永磁电机理论与设计,北京：机械工业出版社,1997
[12]吴畏,许锦兴,林金铭.盘式永磁同步电动机及其发展.电工技术杂志,1990,2：10-13.
[13]Panu Kurronen, Torque Vibration Model of Axial-Flux Surface Mounted Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine, Thesis for PhD, Lappeenranta University of Technology,2001
[14]R.Krishnan.A.J.Beutler, Performance and Design of an Axial Field PM Synchronous Motor Servo, IEEE IAS Annual Meeting,1985,634-640
[15]Metin Aydin、Surong Hung and Thomas A Lipo, Design and 3D Electromagnetic Field Analysis of Non-slotted and Slotted TO-RUS Type Axial Flux Surface Mounted Permanent Magnet Disc Machines, In Proceedings of IEEE Electric Machines and Driv-es Conference, IEMDC'01,645-651
[16]Federico Caricchi, Fabio Crescimbini and Luca Solero, Experimental Study on Reducing Cogging Torque and No-Load Power Loss in Axial-Flux Permanent Magnet Machines With Slotted Wi-nding, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2004,40(4):1066-1075
[17]顾其善,候书红.盘式感应电动机的磁路设计与计算.中小型电机,1994,21(1)：16-20.
[18]程明,周鄂.轴向磁场盘式异步电动机的设计与计算.中小型电机,1992,19(3)：6-9.
[19]王琳,何全普.轴向磁场异步电机磁场分布研究.电工技术杂志,1992,3：6-8.
[20]黄开胜,何全普.交流盘式电动机优化设计.中小型电机,1993,20(6)：7-9.
[21]陈清泉,黄红军.轴向磁场电机的设计和应用[J].电机技术,1989,(3)：47—51.
[22]Shang-Hsun Mao, Mi-Ching Tsai, A novel switched reluctance motor with C-core stators, Magnetics, IEEE Transactions on (impact factor:1.06).01/2006; 41(12):4413-4420
[23]Bolognesi, P. Design and manufacturing of an unconventional variable reluctance machine, Power Electronics, Machines and Drives,2008. PEMD 2008.4th IET Conference on,45-49
[24]R. Madhavan and B. G. Fernandes, "A Novel axial flux segmented SRM for electric vehicle application," in IEEE 2010 International Conference on Electric Machines, pp.1-6.
[25]A. Labak and N.C. Kar, "A novel five-phase pancake shaped switched reluctance motor for hybrid electric vehicle", in Proc. IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, VPPC'09. pp.494-499
[26]Labak, A. Kar, N.C. "Development and analysis of a five-phase pancake shaped switched reluctance motor" Electrical Machines (ICEM),2010 XIX International Conference on, pp.1-6
[27]Arihara H and Alatsu K. A basic property of axial type switched reluctance motor[C].2010 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, 2010:1687-1690.
[28]林鹤云,周鄂,黄建中等,开关磁阻电机磁场有限元分析与铁耗计算,电工技术学报,1996,11(1)：24-29
[29]吴建华,开关磁阻电机的损耗计算,微特电机,1996(2)：20-22
[30]吴建华,开关磁阻电机的设计理论及损耗计算的研究,华中理工大学博士学位论文,1994
[31]Cameron D E, ed. The Origin and Reduction of Acoustic Noise in Doubly Salient Variable-Reluctance Motors, IEEE. Trans. On IA, Vol 28(6),1992
[32]童怀,傅光洁,黄声华,詹琼华,开关磁阻电机稳态特性的等效磁网络模型分析方法(Ⅰ数学模型),中国电机工程学报,1998,18(2)：106-110
[33]童怀,傅光洁,黄声华,詹琼华,开关磁阻电机稳态特性的等效磁网络模型分析方法(Ⅱ系统仿真),中国电机工程学报,1998,18(3)：204-207
[34]童怀,开关磁阻电机等效网络模型的降阶处理方案,电工技术学报,2000,15(1)：30-35
[35]J.Mahdavi, G.Suresh, B.Fahimi, M.Ehsani, Dynamic Modeling of Nonlinear SRM Drive with Pspice, IEEE Industry Application Society Annual Meeting, 1997,10:661-667
[36]B.Fahimi, G.Suresh, J.Mahdavi, E.Ehsani, A New Approach to Model Switched Reluctance Motor Drive Application to Dynamic Performance Prediction, Control and Design, PESC 1998:2097-2102
[37]K.N. Srinivas, R.Arumugam, Dynamic Characterization of switched reluctance motor by computer-aided design and electromagnetic transient simulation, IEEE Trans. On Mags.,2003,39(3):1806-1812
[38]Phop Chancharoensook, Muhammed F Rahman, Dynamic Modeling of a Four-Phase 8/6 Switched Reluctance Motor Using Current and Torque Look-Up Tables, IECON 2002:491-496
[39]S.L.Ho, W.N.Fu, H.C.Wong, Application of Automatic Choice of Step Size for Time Stepping Finite Element Method to Induction Motors, IEEE Trans. On Magnetic,1997,33(2):1370-1373
[40]S.L.Ho, H.L.Li, W.N.Fu, H.C.Wong, A Novel Approach to Circuit-Field-Torque Coupled Time Stepping Finite Element Moedling of Electric Machines, IEEE Trans. On Magnetics,2000,36(4):1886-1889
[41]K.H.Ha, J.P.Hong, Dynamic Rotor Eccentricity Analysis by Coupling Electromagnetic and Structural Time Stepping FEM, IEEE Trans. On Magnetics, 2001,37(5):3452-3455
[42]G.H.Jang, J.H.Chang, Numerical analysis of the electromechanically coupled magnetic field in brushless DC motors, Journal of Magnetic Materials,2001, 226-230(2):1226-1225
[43]梅营,潘再平.新型轴向磁场盘式开关磁阻电机的研究[J].微电机.2011,44(1)：4-6.
[44]Ravichandran M H, Sadasivan Achari V T and etc. A simplified Design Methodology for Switched Reluctance Motor using Aanalytical and Finite Element Method [C], International Conference on Power Electronics, Drives and Energy Systems,2006:1-4.
[45]Lenin N C and Arumugam R. A unified design procedure for switched reluctance motor[C]. IET-UK International Conference on Information and Communication Technology in Electrical Sciences (ICTES2007).2007:20-22
[46]Krishnan R, Arumugam R and James F Lindsay. Design Procedure for Switched-Reluctance Motors [J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Application, 1988,24(3):456-461.
[47]Krishman R. Switched Reluctance Motor Drives:Modeling, Simulation, Analysis and Application. CRC Press,2001.
[48]徐衍亮,贾耀荣,张云,盘式开关磁阻电机临界重叠位置磁化曲线计算[J],电机与控制学报,2012,12(8)：
[2]吴红星,开关磁阻电机系统的理论与控制技术,北京：中国电力出版社,2010
[3]缪兰娣,国外盘式电动机发展概况简介,电机技术,1985,(4)：64-69
[4]R.Krishnan, M. Abouzeid, x.Mang.A Design Procedure for Axial Field Switched Reluctance Motors. IEEE Transactions Industry Applications,1990,36(3):241-246.
[5]李俊卿,李和明,开关磁阻电机发展综述,华北电力大学学报,2002,29(1)：1-5
[6]P.J.Lawrenson, J.M.Stephenson, P.T.Blenkinsop, Variable-speed switched reluctance motors, IEEE Proc.,1980,127(4):253-265
[7]徐仲春.开关磁阻电机起动／发电技术研究[D].西安：西北工业大学,2007.
[8]詹琼华,开关磁阻电动机,武汉：华中理工大学出版社,1992
[9]吴建华,开关磁阻电机设计与应用,北京：机械工业出版社,2000
[10]吴建华,詹琼华,林金铭,开关磁阻电机的前期设计,电工技术学报,1995(1)：34-38
[11]唐任远等,现代永磁电机理论与设计,北京：机械工业出版社,1997
[12]吴畏,许锦兴,林金铭.盘式永磁同步电动机及其发展.电工技术杂志,1990,2：10-13.
[13]Panu Kurronen, Torque Vibration Model of Axial-Flux Surface Mounted Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine, Thesis for PhD, Lappeenranta University of Technology,2001
[14]R.Krishnan.A.J.Beutler, Performance and Design of an Axial Field PM Synchronous Motor Servo, IEEE IAS Annual Meeting,1985,634-640
[15]Metin Aydin、Surong Hung and Thomas A Lipo, Design and 3D Electromagnetic Field Analysis of Non-slotted and Slotted TO-RUS Type Axial Flux Surface Mounted Permanent Magnet Disc Machines, In Proceedings of IEEE Electric Machines and Driv-es Conference, IEMDC'01,645-651
[16]Federico Caricchi, Fabio Crescimbini and Luca Solero, Experimental Study on Reducing Cogging Torque and No-Load Power Loss in Axial-Flux Permanent Magnet Machines With Slotted Wi-nding, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2004,40(4):1066-1075
[17]顾其善,候书红.盘式感应电动机的磁路设计与计算.中小型电机,1994,21(1)：16-20.
[18]程明,周鄂.轴向磁场盘式异步电动机的设计与计算.中小型电机,1992,19(3)：6-9.
[19]王琳,何全普.轴向磁场异步电机磁场分布研究.电工技术杂志,1992,3：6-8.
[20]黄开胜,何全普.交流盘式电动机优化设计.中小型电机,1993,20(6)：7-9.
[21]陈清泉,黄红军.轴向磁场电机的设计和应用[J].电机技术,1989,(3)：47—51.
[22]Shang-Hsun Mao, Mi-Ching Tsai, A novel switched reluctance motor with C-core stators, Magnetics, IEEE Transactions on (impact factor:1.06).01/2006; 41(12):4413-4420
[23]Bolognesi, P. Design and manufacturing of an unconventional variable reluctance machine, Power Electronics, Machines and Drives,2008. PEMD 2008.4th IET Conference on,45-49
[24]R. Madhavan and B. G. Fernandes, "A Novel axial flux segmented SRM for electric vehicle application," in IEEE 2010 International Conference on Electric Machines, pp.1-6.
[25]A. Labak and N.C. Kar, "A novel five-phase pancake shaped switched reluctance motor for hybrid electric vehicle", in Proc. IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, VPPC'09. pp.494-499
[26]Labak, A. Kar, N.C. "Development and analysis of a five-phase pancake shaped switched reluctance motor" Electrical Machines (ICEM),2010 XIX International Conference on, pp.1-6
[27]Arihara H and Alatsu K. A basic property of axial type switched reluctance motor[C].2010 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, 2010:1687-1690.
[28]林鹤云,周鄂,黄建中等,开关磁阻电机磁场有限元分析与铁耗计算,电工技术学报,1996,11(1)：24-29
[29]吴建华,开关磁阻电机的损耗计算,微特电机,1996(2)：20-22
[30]吴建华,开关磁阻电机的设计理论及损耗计算的研究,华中理工大学博士学位论文,1994
[31]Cameron D E, ed. The Origin and Reduction of Acoustic Noise in Doubly Salient Variable-Reluctance Motors, IEEE. Trans. On IA, Vol 28(6),1992
[32]童怀,傅光洁,黄声华,詹琼华,开关磁阻电机稳态特性的等效磁网络模型分析方法(Ⅰ数学模型),中国电机工程学报,1998,18(2)：106-110
[33]童怀,傅光洁,黄声华,詹琼华,开关磁阻电机稳态特性的等效磁网络模型分析方法(Ⅱ系统仿真),中国电机工程学报,1998,18(3)：204-207
[34]童怀,开关磁阻电机等效网络模型的降阶处理方案,电工技术学报,2000,15(1)：30-35
[35]J.Mahdavi, G.Suresh, B.Fahimi, M.Ehsani, Dynamic Modeling of Nonlinear SRM Drive with Pspice, IEEE Industry Application Society Annual Meeting, 1997,10:661-667
[36]B.Fahimi, G.Suresh, J.Mahdavi, E.Ehsani, A New Approach to Model Switched Reluctance Motor Drive Application to Dynamic Performance Prediction, Control and Design, PESC 1998:2097-2102
[37]K.N. Srinivas, R.Arumugam, Dynamic Characterization of switched reluctance motor by computer-aided design and electromagnetic transient simulation, IEEE Trans. On Mags.,2003,39(3):1806-1812
[38]Phop Chancharoensook, Muhammed F Rahman, Dynamic Modeling of a Four-Phase 8/6 Switched Reluctance Motor Using Current and Torque Look-Up Tables, IECON 2002:491-496
[39]S.L.Ho, W.N.Fu, H.C.Wong, Application of Automatic Choice of Step Size for Time Stepping Finite Element Method to Induction Motors, IEEE Trans. On Magnetic,1997,33(2):1370-1373
[40]S.L.Ho, H.L.Li, W.N.Fu, H.C.Wong, A Novel Approach to Circuit-Field-Torque Coupled Time Stepping Finite Element Moedling of Electric Machines, IEEE Trans. On Magnetics,2000,36(4):1886-1889
[41]K.H.Ha, J.P.Hong, Dynamic Rotor Eccentricity Analysis by Coupling Electromagnetic and Structural Time Stepping FEM, IEEE Trans. On Magnetics, 2001,37(5):3452-3455
[42]G.H.Jang, J.H.Chang, Numerical analysis of the electromechanically coupled magnetic field in brushless DC motors, Journal of Magnetic Materials,2001, 226-230(2):1226-1225
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