摘要
科罗拉多矿业学院Cross(1994)提出的高分辨率层序地层学,由邓宏文(1995)引入中国以后,在中国陆相含油气盆地油气勘探开发中发挥着愈来愈重要的作用。通过高分辨率层序地层学分析可以建立起地层形成和演化的系统概念,有利于进行地层的精细描述与对比。特别是对我国陆相含油气盆地地层发育规律的复杂性,依靠高分辨率层序地层学理论方法对地层进行高精度层序划分对比,建立等时地层对比格架,并描述等时地层对比格架内储层的发育规律(如砂体分布的稳定性、砂体的延伸范围及砂体的连续性和连通性等)显得尤为重要。而在高分辨率层序地层学研究的基础上,利用随机建模技术建立基准面旋回内储层砂体发育分布的三维模型,就可能很好的预测砂体的发育分布情况。
本论文根据高分辨率层序地层学的基本原理,分析了基准面变化的层次性,及不同层次基准面变化过程中所保存地层记录—地层基准面旋回的层次性,从层次界面和层次实体两个方面探讨了不同层次地层基准面旋回的发育分布特点,总结归纳出不同层次地层基准面旋回识别标志,及研究工作的步骤。在以上分析讨论的基础上,首先,根据地面露头、钻井岩芯及测井资料,对鄂尔多斯盆地坪北油田三叠系延长统长4+5~长6油组进行沉积微相划分,划分出水下分流河道、水下天然堤、水下决口扇及河口坝等6种沉积微相。其次,依据层序界面类型、沉积微相的组合规律及地层叠加样式,对研究目的层段进行不同层次的地层基准面旋回划分,认为坪北油田三叠系延长统长4+5~长6油组发育第5层次、第4层次及第3层次三个层次的地层基准面旋回,并对划分出第5层次地层基准面旋回2个,第4层次基准面旋回3个,及第3层次地层基准面旋回16个。通过长4+5~长6油组不同层次地层基准面旋回对比,建立起第5及第4层次地层基准面旋回等时地层对比格架。进一步采用以第4层次基准面旋回中相当最大湖泛面的相转换面和具有区域性暴露侵蚀作用的层序边界面为等时地层对比框架的边界,对发育于MSC2—MSC4三个第4层次基准面旋回的第3层次基准面旋回内砂体进行了逐层等时对比,探讨第4层次等时地层对比格架内储集砂体发育分布规律,及储集砂体的非均质性特点,研究发现:①第4层次基准面上升初期发育的水下分流河道,砂体呈连续叠置、侧向迁移受限,纵向上呈长距离延伸的带状产出,砂体间泥、粉砂岩夹层少,储层非均质性相对较弱;②在第4层次基准面上升中期发育的水下分流河道侧向迁移活跃,纵向延伸过程中分流汇合作用强烈,以形成网状或席状连片砂体为主,但砂体间泥、粉砂岩夹层逐渐增多,储层非均质性增强;③第4层次基准面上升晚期和下降早期,不利于储集砂体发育,仅出现少量薄的水下分流河道、水下决口扇、远—河口砂坝砂体。砂体被泥、粉砂岩包围,呈孤立状产出,储层非均质性强。
在综合研究的基础上,建立研究区储层地质知识库;并依第4层次地层基准面旋回为建模单元,建立储层发育地质模型。在模拟前将所划分了6种微相进行了适当的合并,最终按合并后的3种微相,采用顺序指示条件模拟方法进行骨架建模。模拟结果经新的钻井资料检验与实际符合率达到85%。在对储层参数建模的过程中,首先分别统计不同微相参数的分布特征,然后在相控的基础上,采用顺序高斯模拟方法分别建立孔隙度、渗透率和含油饱和度的三维模型。经新的钻井资料检验,
所建的参数模型与实际情况符合率达87%,具有较高的预测精度。
High-resolution sequence stratigraphy,raised by Cross in Corolado mine school in 1994,was introduced to China by Deng Hongwen in 1995.It plays more and more important roles in exploration and development of oil and gas in continental basin in China. We may set up systematical concept of strata forming and evolution by analyzing high-resolution sequence stratigraphy, which helps for the detailed description and correlation of strata. Especially, To the complex of forming and distribution of strata in continental basin in our country, it seems more important to divide and correlate strata , and construct framework of strata through high-resolution sequence stratigraphy. Based on the study of high-resolution sequence stratigraphy, 3-D model of reservoir forming and ditribution is set up through the technology of stochastic modeling,which is a good way of prediction of the distribution of sand-body.
In this paper, On the basis of the basic principles of high-resolution sequence stratigraphy, the hierarchies of the changes of the base-level cycles , and strata records preserved during the changes of different base-level cycles are analyzed, and the characters of development and distribution of different hierarchical base-level cycles are discussed on the basis of hierarchical surfaces and hierarchical bodies. At last, identification marking of different hierarchical base-level cycles and study procedure are concluded. Based on above analysis, Chang4+5-Chang6 can be divided into 6 microfacies as follows: subaqueous dirtibutary channel, subaqueous natural leveel, subqueous creveas, distributary mouth bar and so on through outcrop, core of wells and the well log data in Pingbei oil field in Ordos basin. Through the analysis of different types of sequence surfaces, microfacies assembling and stacking stratigraphic pattern, different hierarchical base-level cycles can be divided. The Chang4+5-Chang6 can be divided into 2 kinds of the fifth hierarchical base-level cycles, 3 kinds of the fourth hierarchical base-level cycles and 16 kinds of the third hierarchical base-level cycles. The framework of the 5-th and the 4-th hierarchical base-level cycles are achieved through different hierarchical base-level cycles correlation in Pingbei oil field. Using maximum flooding surface and local explosure erosion surface as the correlation framework surface in the 4-th hierarchical base-level cycles, sand-body in the 3-th hierarchical base-level cycles formed in the 4-th hierarchical base-level cycles may be correlated layer by layer. The law of the sand-body and the characters of reservoir heterogeneity formed in the 4-th hierarchical base-level cycles are discussed. The study shows: (1) During early period of the 4-th hierarchical base-level cycle rising, subaqueous distributary channel formed, continuously stacked vertically, and migrated in limit range laterally, and channel sand-body stretches farther longitudinally, and lacks interbeds of mud rock and siltsand in sand rock, reservoir heterogeneity is relatively weak. (2) During mid-period of the 4-th hierarchical base-level cycle rising, subsaqueous distributary channel migrated actively, channel divided and converged strongly to form netted sand-body and sand sheet mainly, but interbeds of mud rock and siltsand increases gradually in sand-body, reservoir heterogeneity increased. (3) During later period of the 4-th hierarchical base-level rising and
early period of the 4-th hierarchical base-level falling, reservoir sand-body was poor, and only form thin sand-body of subsaqueous distributary channel, subsaqeuous creveas and distal mouth bar, sand-bodys are surrounded by mud and silt rock. Reservoir heterogeneityies are strong.
On the basis of above synthetical study, the reservoir geological knowledge base has been founded, and reservoir geological modeling has been proceeded using the 4-th hierarchical base-level cycles as modeling unit. 6 microfacies were integrated to 3 microfacies before modeling and then the rock frame model has been constructed by the Sequential Indicator Simu
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