高分辨率层序地层学及储层建模
|
摘要
科罗拉多矿业学院Cross(1994)提出的高分辨率层序地层学，由邓宏文(1995)引入中国以后，在中国陆相含油气盆地油气勘探开发中发挥着愈来愈重要的作用。通过高分辨率层序地层学分析可以建立起地层形成和演化的系统概念，有利于进行地层的精细描述与对比。特别是对我国陆相含油气盆地地层发育规律的复杂性，依靠高分辨率层序地层学理论方法对地层进行高精度层序划分对比，建立等时地层对比格架，并描述等时地层对比格架内储层的发育规律(如砂体分布的稳定性、砂体的延伸范围及砂体的连续性和连通性等)显得尤为重要。而在高分辨率层序地层学研究的基础上，利用随机建模技术建立基准面旋回内储层砂体发育分布的三维模型，就可能很好的预测砂体的发育分布情况。
本论文根据高分辨率层序地层学的基本原理，分析了基准面变化的层次性，及不同层次基准面变化过程中所保存地层记录—地层基准面旋回的层次性，从层次界面和层次实体两个方面探讨了不同层次地层基准面旋回的发育分布特点，总结归纳出不同层次地层基准面旋回识别标志，及研究工作的步骤。在以上分析讨论的基础上，首先，根据地面露头、钻井岩芯及测井资料，对鄂尔多斯盆地坪北油田三叠系延长统长4+5～长6油组进行沉积微相划分，划分出水下分流河道、水下天然堤、水下决口扇及河口坝等6种沉积微相。其次，依据层序界面类型、沉积微相的组合规律及地层叠加样式，对研究目的层段进行不同层次的地层基准面旋回划分，认为坪北油田三叠系延长统长4+5～长6油组发育第5层次、第4层次及第3层次三个层次的地层基准面旋回，并对划分出第5层次地层基准面旋回2个，第4层次基准面旋回3个，及第3层次地层基准面旋回16个。通过长4+5～长6油组不同层次地层基准面旋回对比，建立起第5及第4层次地层基准面旋回等时地层对比格架。进一步采用以第4层次基准面旋回中相当最大湖泛面的相转换面和具有区域性暴露侵蚀作用的层序边界面为等时地层对比框架的边界，对发育于MSC2—MSC4三个第4层次基准面旋回的第3层次基准面旋回内砂体进行了逐层等时对比，探讨第4层次等时地层对比格架内储集砂体发育分布规律，及储集砂体的非均质性特点，研究发现：①第4层次基准面上升初期发育的水下分流河道，砂体呈连续叠置、侧向迁移受限，纵向上呈长距离延伸的带状产出，砂体间泥、粉砂岩夹层少，储层非均质性相对较弱；②在第4层次基准面上升中期发育的水下分流河道侧向迁移活跃，纵向延伸过程中分流汇合作用强烈，以形成网状或席状连片砂体为主，但砂体间泥、粉砂岩夹层逐渐增多，储层非均质性增强；③第4层次基准面上升晚期和下降早期，不利于储集砂体发育，仅出现少量薄的水下分流河道、水下决口扇、远—河口砂坝砂体。砂体被泥、粉砂岩包围，呈孤立状产出，储层非均质性强。
在综合研究的基础上，建立研究区储层地质知识库；并依第4层次地层基准面旋回为建模单元，建立储层发育地质模型。在模拟前将所划分了6种微相进行了适当的合并，最终按合并后的3种微相，采用顺序指示条件模拟方法进行骨架建模。模拟结果经新的钻井资料检验与实际符合率达到85％。在对储层参数建模的过程中，首先分别统计不同微相参数的分布特征，然后在相控的基础上，采用顺序高斯模拟方法分别建立孔隙度、渗透率和含油饱和度的三维模型。经新的钻井资料检验，
所建的参数模型与实际情况符合率达87%，具有较高的预测精度。
High-resolution sequence stratigraphy,raised by Cross in Corolado mine school in 1994,was introduced to China by Deng Hongwen in 1995.It plays more and more important roles in exploration and development of oil and gas in continental basin in China. We may set up systematical concept of strata forming and evolution by analyzing high-resolution sequence stratigraphy, which helps for the detailed description and correlation of strata. Especially, To the complex of forming and distribution of strata in continental basin in our country, it seems more important to divide and correlate strata , and construct framework of strata through high-resolution sequence stratigraphy. Based on the study of high-resolution sequence stratigraphy, 3-D model of reservoir forming and ditribution is set up through the technology of stochastic modeling,which is a good way of prediction of the distribution of sand-body.
In this paper, On the basis of the basic principles of high-resolution sequence stratigraphy, the hierarchies of the changes of the base-level cycles , and strata records preserved during the changes of different base-level cycles are analyzed, and the characters of development and distribution of different hierarchical base-level cycles are discussed on the basis of hierarchical surfaces and hierarchical bodies. At last, identification marking of different hierarchical base-level cycles and study procedure are concluded. Based on above analysis, Chang4+5-Chang6 can be divided into 6 microfacies as follows: subaqueous dirtibutary channel, subaqueous natural leveel, subqueous creveas, distributary mouth bar and so on through outcrop, core of wells and the well log data in Pingbei oil field in Ordos basin. Through the analysis of different types of sequence surfaces, microfacies assembling and stacking stratigraphic pattern, different hierarchical base-level cycles can be divided. The Chang4+5-Chang6 can be divided into 2 kinds of the fifth hierarchical base-level cycles, 3 kinds of the fourth hierarchical base-level cycles and 16 kinds of the third hierarchical base-level cycles. The framework of the 5-th and the 4-th hierarchical base-level cycles are achieved through different hierarchical base-level cycles correlation in Pingbei oil field. Using maximum flooding surface and local explosure erosion surface as the correlation framework surface in the 4-th hierarchical base-level cycles, sand-body in the 3-th hierarchical base-level cycles formed in the 4-th hierarchical base-level cycles may be correlated layer by layer. The law of the sand-body and the characters of reservoir heterogeneity formed in the 4-th hierarchical base-level cycles are discussed. The study shows: (1) During early period of the 4-th hierarchical base-level cycle rising, subaqueous distributary channel formed, continuously stacked vertically, and migrated in limit range laterally, and channel sand-body stretches farther longitudinally, and lacks interbeds of mud rock and siltsand in sand rock, reservoir heterogeneity is relatively weak. (2) During mid-period of the 4-th hierarchical base-level cycle rising, subsaqueous distributary channel migrated actively, channel divided and converged strongly to form netted sand-body and sand sheet mainly, but interbeds of mud rock and siltsand increases gradually in sand-body, reservoir heterogeneity increased. (3) During later period of the 4-th hierarchical base-level rising and
early period of the 4-th hierarchical base-level falling, reservoir sand-body was poor, and only form thin sand-body of subsaqueous distributary channel, subsaqeuous creveas and distal mouth bar, sand-bodys are surrounded by mud and silt rock. Reservoir heterogeneityies are strong.
On the basis of above synthetical study, the reservoir geological knowledge base has been founded, and reservoir geological modeling has been proceeded using the 4-th hierarchical base-level cycles as modeling unit. 6 microfacies were integrated to 3 microfacies before modeling and then the rock frame model has been constructed by the Sequential Indicator Simu
本论文根据高分辨率层序地层学的基本原理，分析了基准面变化的层次性，及不同层次基准面变化过程中所保存地层记录—地层基准面旋回的层次性，从层次界面和层次实体两个方面探讨了不同层次地层基准面旋回的发育分布特点，总结归纳出不同层次地层基准面旋回识别标志，及研究工作的步骤。在以上分析讨论的基础上，首先，根据地面露头、钻井岩芯及测井资料，对鄂尔多斯盆地坪北油田三叠系延长统长4+5～长6油组进行沉积微相划分，划分出水下分流河道、水下天然堤、水下决口扇及河口坝等6种沉积微相。其次，依据层序界面类型、沉积微相的组合规律及地层叠加样式，对研究目的层段进行不同层次的地层基准面旋回划分，认为坪北油田三叠系延长统长4+5～长6油组发育第5层次、第4层次及第3层次三个层次的地层基准面旋回，并对划分出第5层次地层基准面旋回2个，第4层次基准面旋回3个，及第3层次地层基准面旋回16个。通过长4+5～长6油组不同层次地层基准面旋回对比，建立起第5及第4层次地层基准面旋回等时地层对比格架。进一步采用以第4层次基准面旋回中相当最大湖泛面的相转换面和具有区域性暴露侵蚀作用的层序边界面为等时地层对比框架的边界，对发育于MSC2—MSC4三个第4层次基准面旋回的第3层次基准面旋回内砂体进行了逐层等时对比，探讨第4层次等时地层对比格架内储集砂体发育分布规律，及储集砂体的非均质性特点，研究发现：①第4层次基准面上升初期发育的水下分流河道，砂体呈连续叠置、侧向迁移受限，纵向上呈长距离延伸的带状产出，砂体间泥、粉砂岩夹层少，储层非均质性相对较弱；②在第4层次基准面上升中期发育的水下分流河道侧向迁移活跃，纵向延伸过程中分流汇合作用强烈，以形成网状或席状连片砂体为主，但砂体间泥、粉砂岩夹层逐渐增多，储层非均质性增强；③第4层次基准面上升晚期和下降早期，不利于储集砂体发育，仅出现少量薄的水下分流河道、水下决口扇、远—河口砂坝砂体。砂体被泥、粉砂岩包围，呈孤立状产出，储层非均质性强。
在综合研究的基础上，建立研究区储层地质知识库；并依第4层次地层基准面旋回为建模单元，建立储层发育地质模型。在模拟前将所划分了6种微相进行了适当的合并，最终按合并后的3种微相，采用顺序指示条件模拟方法进行骨架建模。模拟结果经新的钻井资料检验与实际符合率达到85％。在对储层参数建模的过程中，首先分别统计不同微相参数的分布特征，然后在相控的基础上，采用顺序高斯模拟方法分别建立孔隙度、渗透率和含油饱和度的三维模型。经新的钻井资料检验，
所建的参数模型与实际情况符合率达87%，具有较高的预测精度。
High-resolution sequence stratigraphy,raised by Cross in Corolado mine school in 1994,was introduced to China by Deng Hongwen in 1995.It plays more and more important roles in exploration and development of oil and gas in continental basin in China. We may set up systematical concept of strata forming and evolution by analyzing high-resolution sequence stratigraphy, which helps for the detailed description and correlation of strata. Especially, To the complex of forming and distribution of strata in continental basin in our country, it seems more important to divide and correlate strata , and construct framework of strata through high-resolution sequence stratigraphy. Based on the study of high-resolution sequence stratigraphy, 3-D model of reservoir forming and ditribution is set up through the technology of stochastic modeling,which is a good way of prediction of the distribution of sand-body.
In this paper, On the basis of the basic principles of high-resolution sequence stratigraphy, the hierarchies of the changes of the base-level cycles , and strata records preserved during the changes of different base-level cycles are analyzed, and the characters of development and distribution of different hierarchical base-level cycles are discussed on the basis of hierarchical surfaces and hierarchical bodies. At last, identification marking of different hierarchical base-level cycles and study procedure are concluded. Based on above analysis, Chang4+5-Chang6 can be divided into 6 microfacies as follows: subaqueous dirtibutary channel, subaqueous natural leveel, subqueous creveas, distributary mouth bar and so on through outcrop, core of wells and the well log data in Pingbei oil field in Ordos basin. Through the analysis of different types of sequence surfaces, microfacies assembling and stacking stratigraphic pattern, different hierarchical base-level cycles can be divided. The Chang4+5-Chang6 can be divided into 2 kinds of the fifth hierarchical base-level cycles, 3 kinds of the fourth hierarchical base-level cycles and 16 kinds of the third hierarchical base-level cycles. The framework of the 5-th and the 4-th hierarchical base-level cycles are achieved through different hierarchical base-level cycles correlation in Pingbei oil field. Using maximum flooding surface and local explosure erosion surface as the correlation framework surface in the 4-th hierarchical base-level cycles, sand-body in the 3-th hierarchical base-level cycles formed in the 4-th hierarchical base-level cycles may be correlated layer by layer. The law of the sand-body and the characters of reservoir heterogeneity formed in the 4-th hierarchical base-level cycles are discussed. The study shows: (1) During early period of the 4-th hierarchical base-level cycle rising, subaqueous distributary channel formed, continuously stacked vertically, and migrated in limit range laterally, and channel sand-body stretches farther longitudinally, and lacks interbeds of mud rock and siltsand in sand rock, reservoir heterogeneity is relatively weak. (2) During mid-period of the 4-th hierarchical base-level cycle rising, subsaqueous distributary channel migrated actively, channel divided and converged strongly to form netted sand-body and sand sheet mainly, but interbeds of mud rock and siltsand increases gradually in sand-body, reservoir heterogeneity increased. (3) During later period of the 4-th hierarchical base-level rising and
early period of the 4-th hierarchical base-level falling, reservoir sand-body was poor, and only form thin sand-body of subsaqueous distributary channel, subsaqeuous creveas and distal mouth bar, sand-bodys are surrounded by mud and silt rock. Reservoir heterogeneityies are strong.
On the basis of above synthetical study, the reservoir geological knowledge base has been founded, and reservoir geological modeling has been proceeded using the 4-th hierarchical base-level cycles as modeling unit. 6 microfacies were integrated to 3 microfacies before modeling and then the rock frame model has been constructed by the Sequential Indicator Simu
引文
Andrew D.Miall,The Geology of Stratigraphic Sequence 1997.
Armentrout,John.M.,Sequence strarigraphy as an exploration tool——concepts and practices in the Gulf Coast,Adam's Mark Hotel,Houston,Texas,1991, June 2—5
Berg, O.R.,Seismic detection and evaluation of delta and turbidate sequences,their application to exploration for the subtle trap.AAPG, 1982, Vol.66, No.9.
Brown F.L.,Brink G J. et al.Sequence stratigraphy in offshore south African divergent basin.AAPG, Studies in Geology, 1995, 41
Cross T.A, High-resolution stratigraphic correlation from the perspectives of base-level cycles and sediment accommodation,in Dolson,J.,ed. Unconformity related hydrocarbon exploration and accumulation in clastic and carbonate setting Short Course Notes,rocky mountain Association of Geologists,1991, 28-41
Cross T.A Stratigraphic Architecture,Correlation Concepts.Volumetric Partioning. Fades Differentiation, and Reservoir Compartmentalization from the Perspective of High Resolution Sequence Stratigraphy. Research report of the genetic stratigraphy research group,DGGE,CSM, 1994:28-41
Cross, T. A.,1990, ed.,Quantitative Dynamic Stratigraphy:New Jersey, Prentice Hall, p.622
Cross, T.A.,1991, Field-scale reservoir characterization, in L.W. Lake, H. B. Carroll, Jr., and T. C. Wesson, eds.,Reservoir Characterization Ⅱ:Academic Press,Orlando, Florida, p493-497
Cross, T.A.,1994, Applications of high-resolution sequence stratigraphy to reservoir analysis:The
Interstate Oil and Gas Compact Commission 1993 Annual Bulletin, p24-39.
Cross, T.A., and Lessenger, M.A.,1998,Sediment volume partitioning:rationale for stratigraphic model evaluation and high-resolution stratigraphic correlation,in F.M. G-radstein, K.O. Sandvik,and N.J.Milton, eds..Scquence Stratigraphy＜Concepts and Applications:NPF Special Publication 8,p171-195
Cross, T.A., and Lessonger, M.A.,1997, Correlation strategies for elastic wedges, in E.B.Coalson,J.C. Osmond, And E.T.Williams, ode.,Innovative Applications of Petroleum Technology in the Rocky Mountain Area:Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists, Denver, p183-203.
Cross, T.A.,and Leasenger, M.A.,1999, Construction and application of a stratigraphic inverse model,in J.W. Harbaugh, W.L.Watney,E.C. Rankey,R.Slingeriand,R.H.Goldstein, E.K.Franseen, eds,SEPM Special Publication 62 Numerical Experiments in Stratigraphy:Recent Advances in Stratigraphic and Sedimentologic Computer Simulations:SEPM(Society for Sedimentary Geology), p69-83
Cross. T.A., 1993, Applications of High-Resolution Sequence Stratigraphy in Petroleum Exploration and Production Short Course Notes: Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, Calgary, Alberta, August 15, 1993, p.290
Emery D.and K. J. Myers, et al.,Sequence Stratigraphy. 1996.
Emery, A.F.1995,Sequence boundaries and sequence hierarches:problems and proposal,in: Sequence stratigraphy on the Northwest European margin.Norsk petroleums forening Spec pub.5.
Frazier D.E.Depositional Episodes:Their Relationship to the Quaternary Sstratigraphic Framwork in the Northwest Portion of the Gulf Basin:The University of Texas at Austin. Bureau of Economic Geology Circular, 74-1,1974, 28
Williams G.D.and Dobb Al., Tectonics and Seismic Syquence Stratigraphy,1996.
Galloway, W.,Genetic stratigraphic sequences in basin annalysisl:architecture and genosis of flooding surface bounded depositional units.AAPG,1989, Vol.73, No. 2.
Goldhammer R.K.et al.,High frequency glacio-eustatic sea level oslilications with Milankovitch characteristics recorded in Middle Triassic plateform carbonates in North ltaly.American Jounal of Science, 1987, Vol.287, p. 858—892.
Goldhammer, R.K.,Dunn, P. A., and Hardie, L. A., Depositional cycles,composite sea level changes, cycle stacking patterns,and the hierarchy of stratigraphic forcing:examples from Alpine Triassic Platform carbonates.Geological Society of America Bulletin,1990, Vol.102, p535-562
Goodwin, P.W.,and Anderson,E,J.,Punctuated aggradational cycles:Ageneral hypothesis of episodic stratigraphic accumulation.Geology, 1985,Vol.93, p.515.
Heller P. L,Paola C.Downstream changes in alluvial architecture: an exploration of controls on channel—stacking patterns.Jour, Sedimentary Research,1996, 66(2):297—306.
Henry W.Posamentier,Paul Weimer,Siliciclastic sequence stratigraphy and petroleum geology-where to from here AAPG Bulletin, 1993, 77(5), p731-742
Herbert, T. D. and Mayer, L.A., Long climatic time series from Sediment physical property measurements.Jour. Sediment.Petrol., 1991, Vol.61, No.7,
Aitken J. P. et al, High resolution sequence stratigraphy correlation.Geological Society Special Publication, 1996, No.104, P.1—9
Jervey M. T.Quantitative geological modeling of siliciclastic rock sequence and their seismic expression.
Wilgus C.K, ed. Sea-Level Changes:an Integrated Approach,Soc Econ Palaeontol Mineral Spec Pup., 1988,Vol. 42, p47-69
Jervey. M.T.,1988, Quantitative geological modeling of Siliciclasti c rock sequences and their seismic express: (in) Sea—level changes—an interated approach.SEPM Specia Publication NO.42.
Kauffman,E.G.,Elder, W.P.and Sageman,B.B.,1991. High-resolution correlation:a new tool in chronostratigraphy;in Einsele, G., Ricken, W. and Seilacher, A.(eds.), Cycles and Events in Stratigraphy: Springer Verlag, Berlin, p. 795-819.
Kominz,M.A.,Benvan, J.,McManus, J., and Bond, G.C.,Are cyclic sediments periodic?Gamma analysis and spectral analysis of Newark Supergroup lacustrine strata, in L. Watney,E. Franseen,C. Kendall, and W. Ross eds.,Sedimentary modeling:Computer simulations and methods for improved parameter definition: Kansas Geological Survey Bulletin 233, 1991, p. 231-252.
Lawrence, Dt.,Doyle, M. and Aigner,T., Stratigraphic simulation of Sedimentary basins:concepts and calibration:AAPG Bulletin,1991, Vol.74,No. 3, p.273—295
Miall, A. D.,Principles of Sedimentary Basin Analysis (Second Edition).Springer—Verlag,1990. P.265
Mitchum, R. M. and Van Wagoner, J.C.,High—frequency sequences and their stacking patterns: sequence—stratigrapic evidence of high—frequency eustatic cyeles.Sediment.Geol.,1991,Vol.70
OlSen T,Steel R et al,Sequence architecture in a Fluvial Succession:Sequence stratigraphy in the Upper Cretaceous Mesaverde Group,Prince Canyon,Utah,Journary of Sedimentary Research, B65(2):265—280
Plint A.G,Marine and nonmarine systerms tracts in fourth-order sequences in the Early-Middle Cenomainan Dunvegan Alloformation.northeastern British,Howell J.A. Aitken J. F., eds, High Resolution Sequence Stratigraphy:Innovations and Application.Geological Society Specical Publication, 1996, Vol.104, p159-192
Posamentier,H.W.,Allen, G.P.and James,D.P.,High resolution sequence stratigraphy—the east Coulee delta,Alberta.Jour. Sedimet. Petrol.,1992, Vol.62, No. 2
Posamentier, H. W.,Jervey, M. T.and Vail, P. R.,Eustatic controls on elastic deposition—conceptual framework. SEPM Special publication,1988, No.42.
Posamentier,H. W. and Vail, P.R.,Eustatic controls on clastic deposition Ⅱ— sequence and systems tract models. SEPM special publication,1988,No.42, p1416—1436.
Posamentier, H. W. and Vail, P.R.,Eustatic controls on clastic deposition Ⅰ— sequence and systems
tract.SEPM spocial publication,1988, No. 42, p126—148.
Steel R.J.,Felt V.L.,et al,Sequence Stratigraphy on the Northwest European Margin,
Read, J. F.,and Goldhammer,R.K., Use of Fischer plots to define 3rd—order sea level curves in peritidal cyclic Carbonates,Ordovician,Appalachians.Geology, 1988, Vol. 16, p. 895
Schluger,W.,Depositional bias and environmental change—important factors in sequence stratigraphy.Sediment Geology,1991,Vol.70, p109-130
Shanley K. W. Perspectives on the Sequence Stratigraphy of Continental Strata.AAPG,1994,78(4). P544-568
Sloss L. L.Sequence in oratonic interior of North America[J].Geological Society of American Bulletin, 1963, No. 74, p93-114.
Sloss L. L., Stratigraphic models in exploration[J].AAPG Bull,1962, No.46,p1050-1057
Sloss, L. L., 1949, Paleozoic stratigraphy in the Montana area,AAPG Bull, 34,423-451
Sloss, L. L., Forty years of sequence stratigraphy Geological society of America Bulletin,1988, Vol.100. p1661-1665
Stephen Flint,Simon Knight, and Andrew tilbrook, Application ofhigh resolution sequence stratigraphy to Northwest Hutton Field,Northern North Sea:Implicattons for Management of a Mature Brent Group Field. AAPG Bulletion,1998, Vol. 82, No. 7,
Tim Naish, Peter J. J Kamp,Sequence Stratigraphy of Sixth-order (41K.Y.) Pl iocene-Pleistocene Cyclothems,Wanganui Basin, NewZealand:A Case for the Regressive Systems Tract, Geological Society of America Bulletin, Aug.1997, Vol 109. No. 8
Tipper J C, Patterns of Stratigraphic Cyclicity.Journal of Sedimentary Research,Vol.70, No.6. November, 2000, p. 1262-1279
Vail P R, et al.1977. Seismic stratigraphy and global changes of sea level.AAPG. Memoir 26.
Vail P R, R. M.Mitchum Jr and S.Thompson Ⅲ,1977a.Seismic stratigraphy and global changes of sea level, Part 3:global cycles of relative changes of sea level. In C E Payton editor:Seismic Stratigraphy-Applications to Hydrocarbon Exiploation,AAPG Memoir 26,63-82
Vail P R,R.M. Mitchum Jr and S.Thompson Ⅲ,1977b.Seismic stratigraphy and globol changes of sea level, Part 4:global cycles of relative changes of sea level.In C E Payton editor:Seismic Stratigraphy-Applications to Hydrocarbon Exploration,AAPG Memoir 26,83-98
Vail P.R.and R.G. Todd, 1981.Northern North Sea Jurassic unconformities,chronostratigraphy and sea-level changes from seismic stratigraphy.In Petroleum Geology of the Continental Shelf of North-West Europe: Phila.,Pa., Heyden ad Son,Inc., p. 216-235
Vail P. R,Hardenbol J.and R. G.Todd, 1984.Jurassic unconformities,chronostratigraphy and sea-level changes from seismic stratigrphy and biostratigraphy.In Schlee.J S editor:Interregional Unconformities and Hydrocarbon Accumulation.AAPG Memoir 36,Also presented at:GCSSEPM Foundation Third Annual Resarch Conf.Proc., March, 1984
Vail P. R.and J Hardenbol,1979. Sea-level changes during the Tertiary:Oceans 22,77-79
Vail P. R.,1987. Seismic stratigraphy interpretation using sequence stratigraphy. Part 1:Seismic stratigraphy interpretation porcedure. In: Atlas of seismic stratigraphy (Ed. Bally A W) AAPG studies in Geology 27,1-10
Vail P. R., 1988. Sequence stratigraphy workbook,fundamentals of sequence stratigraphy. 1988. AAPG Annual Convention Short Course:Sequence Stratigraphy Interpretation of Seismic Well and Outcrop Data, pressented by P.R.Vail and J.B.Sangree,March 19, 1988, Houston, Texas.
Vail P. R., et al.1991. The stratigraphic signature of tectonics,eustasy and sedimentology-an overview.In Einsele et al eds:Cycles and events in stratigraphy. Springer-Verlag
Van Wagoner J. C., Mitchum R. M., et al. Silisiciclastic Sequence Stratigraphy in Well Logs,Cores, and Outcrops:Concepts for High-Resolution correlation of Time and Faces,AAPG Methods in Exploration Series,1990, p.55
Van Wagoner,J. C., Posamentier, H. W. et al.,An overview of fundamentals of sequence stratigraphy and key definitions.SEPM special publication, 1988, No. 42. p39-45,
Weimer,P., Sequence strattgraphy,facies geometries,and depositinal history of the Mississippi Fan,Gulf of Mextco,AAPG,1990, Vol.74, p420-453
Wheeler H. E. Base-level,lithesphere surfacee and time-stratigraphy[J].Geol. Soc.America Bull, 1964, No.75:p599-610
Xue Liangqing and Galloway WE,1993. Genetic sequence stratigraphic framework,depositional style,and hydrocarbon occurence of the Upper Cretaceous QYN Formations in Songliao Lacustrine Basin, Northeastern China.AAPG Bulletin 77,1792-1808
C．K．威尔格斯等编，徐怀大等译，层序地层学原理(海平面变化综合分析．石油工业出版社，1992
邓宏文，美国层序地层研究中的新学派一高分辨率层序地层学．石油天然气地质，1995，3(6)
邓宏文、王洪亮、李熙，层序地层地层基准面的识别对比技术及应用．石油与天然气地质，1996．9
杜春彦．郑荣才 陕北长6油层组短期基准面旋回与储层非均质性的关系，成都理工学院学报，1999，NO．1
樊太亮，刘金辉，徐怀大，池秋鄂等．新疆塔里木盆地北部应序地层学．北京，地质出版社，1997
樊太亮，徐怀大，池秋鄂等．新疆塔里木盆地北部应用层序地层学，地质出版社，1996
樊太亮等．层序地层学应用于陆相油藏预测的成功实例．石油学报，1999，20(2)：3
顾家裕等，层序地层学及其在油气勘探开发中的应用论文集，石油工业出版社，1997
纪友亮，张世奇．陆相断陷湖盆层序地层学，北京：石油工业出版社，1996
贾进华，前陆盆地层序地层学简介，地质科技情报，1995，14(1)
焦养泉等，陆相盆地露头储层地质建模研究与概念，石油实验地质，1998，20(4)
解习农．断陷盆地构造作用与层序样式，地质论评，1996，42(3)：398—412
李思田等．鄂尔多斯盆地东北部层序地层及沉积体系分析，北京：地质出版社，1992
林畅松，张海燕．高精度层序地层学和储层预测，地学前缘，2000，7(3)：111-117
刘宝珺．中国沉积学回顾与展望，矿物岩石，2001，21(3)：1—7
刘吉余等，流动单元的研究方法及其研究意义．大庆石油学院学报，1998，22(1)
罗立民．河湖沉积体系三维高分辨率层序地层学．北京：地质出版社．1999
钱奕中，陈洪德，刘文均．层学地层学理论与研究方法，成都：四川科技出版社，1994，p1-26
邬金华等，河相层序地层学研究进展，地质科技情报，1997，16(3)
徐怀大，如何推动我国层序地层学的迅速发展，石油与天然气地质，1997，18(2)
徐怀大．从地震地层学到层序地层学．北京：石油工业出版社．1997
许效松．层序地层学在油气勘查研究中的新思维，海相油气地质，1997，2(2)：16—21
薛良清，层序地层学研究现状、方法与前景，石油勘探与开发，1995，22(5)
薛良清编译，老油(气)田挖潜的概念与方法，国外油气勘探，1995，7(40)：7
尹太举等 依据高分辨率层序地层学进行剩余油分布预测，石油勘探与开发2001，No．4
曾允孚，覃建雄．沉积学发展现状与前瞻，成都理工学院学报，1999，26(1)：1—7
张昌民等，三角洲储层露头精细解剖(中国石油天然气总公司九五攻关课题)，江汉石油学院研究报告，2000
张尚锋，张昌民等．东濮凹陷濮城油田沙三上亚段地层基准面旋回变化过程中的储层流动单元分析，石油实验地质，2003(待刊)
张尚锋，王成善，黄思静等．东濮断陷型凹陷沙三上亚段地层充填样式及储集砂体发育规律，江汉石油学院学报，2003(待刊)
张尚锋，张昌民等．双河油田核三段Ⅱ油组内夹层分布规律、沉积与特提斯地质(原岩相古地理)，2000，20(4)
张尚锋，洪秀娥，郑荣才等．应用高分辨率层序底层学对储层流动单元层次性进行分析——以泌阳凹陷双河油田为例，成都理工大学学报，2002，29(2)
张运东，层序地层学研究现状及发展趋势，世界石油工业，2000，7(10)：14—17
郑荣才．彭军．吴朝容．陆相盆地基准面旋回的级次划分和研究意义，沉积学报2001，19(2)
郑荣才．吴朝容．叶茂才．浅谈陆相盆地高分辨率层序地层研究思路，成都理工学院学报，2000．27(3)．241—244
郑荣才，尹世民，彭军．基准面旋回结构与叠加样式的沉积动力学分析．沉积学报，2000，18(3)
朱筱敏等．21世纪层序地层学展望，世界石油工业，1999．9(1)：16—19
Armentrout,John.M.,Sequence strarigraphy as an exploration tool——concepts and practices in the Gulf Coast,Adam's Mark Hotel,Houston,Texas,1991, June 2—5
Berg, O.R.,Seismic detection and evaluation of delta and turbidate sequences,their application to exploration for the subtle trap.AAPG, 1982, Vol.66, No.9.
Brown F.L.,Brink G J. et al.Sequence stratigraphy in offshore south African divergent basin.AAPG, Studies in Geology, 1995, 41
Cross T.A, High-resolution stratigraphic correlation from the perspectives of base-level cycles and sediment accommodation,in Dolson,J.,ed. Unconformity related hydrocarbon exploration and accumulation in clastic and carbonate setting Short Course Notes,rocky mountain Association of Geologists,1991, 28-41
Cross T.A Stratigraphic Architecture,Correlation Concepts.Volumetric Partioning. Fades Differentiation, and Reservoir Compartmentalization from the Perspective of High Resolution Sequence Stratigraphy. Research report of the genetic stratigraphy research group,DGGE,CSM, 1994:28-41
Cross, T. A.,1990, ed.,Quantitative Dynamic Stratigraphy:New Jersey, Prentice Hall, p.622
Cross, T.A.,1991, Field-scale reservoir characterization, in L.W. Lake, H. B. Carroll, Jr., and T. C. Wesson, eds.,Reservoir Characterization Ⅱ:Academic Press,Orlando, Florida, p493-497
Cross, T.A.,1994, Applications of high-resolution sequence stratigraphy to reservoir analysis:The
Interstate Oil and Gas Compact Commission 1993 Annual Bulletin, p24-39.
Cross, T.A., and Lessenger, M.A.,1998,Sediment volume partitioning:rationale for stratigraphic model evaluation and high-resolution stratigraphic correlation,in F.M. G-radstein, K.O. Sandvik,and N.J.Milton, eds..Scquence Stratigraphy＜Concepts and Applications:NPF Special Publication 8,p171-195
Cross, T.A., and Lessonger, M.A.,1997, Correlation strategies for elastic wedges, in E.B.Coalson,J.C. Osmond, And E.T.Williams, ode.,Innovative Applications of Petroleum Technology in the Rocky Mountain Area:Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists, Denver, p183-203.
Cross, T.A.,and Leasenger, M.A.,1999, Construction and application of a stratigraphic inverse model,in J.W. Harbaugh, W.L.Watney,E.C. Rankey,R.Slingeriand,R.H.Goldstein, E.K.Franseen, eds,SEPM Special Publication 62 Numerical Experiments in Stratigraphy:Recent Advances in Stratigraphic and Sedimentologic Computer Simulations:SEPM(Society for Sedimentary Geology), p69-83
Cross. T.A., 1993, Applications of High-Resolution Sequence Stratigraphy in Petroleum Exploration and Production Short Course Notes: Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, Calgary, Alberta, August 15, 1993, p.290
Emery D.and K. J. Myers, et al.,Sequence Stratigraphy. 1996.
Emery, A.F.1995,Sequence boundaries and sequence hierarches:problems and proposal,in: Sequence stratigraphy on the Northwest European margin.Norsk petroleums forening Spec pub.5.
Frazier D.E.Depositional Episodes:Their Relationship to the Quaternary Sstratigraphic Framwork in the Northwest Portion of the Gulf Basin:The University of Texas at Austin. Bureau of Economic Geology Circular, 74-1,1974, 28
Williams G.D.and Dobb Al., Tectonics and Seismic Syquence Stratigraphy,1996.
Galloway, W.,Genetic stratigraphic sequences in basin annalysisl:architecture and genosis of flooding surface bounded depositional units.AAPG,1989, Vol.73, No. 2.
Goldhammer R.K.et al.,High frequency glacio-eustatic sea level oslilications with Milankovitch characteristics recorded in Middle Triassic plateform carbonates in North ltaly.American Jounal of Science, 1987, Vol.287, p. 858—892.
Goldhammer, R.K.,Dunn, P. A., and Hardie, L. A., Depositional cycles,composite sea level changes, cycle stacking patterns,and the hierarchy of stratigraphic forcing:examples from Alpine Triassic Platform carbonates.Geological Society of America Bulletin,1990, Vol.102, p535-562
Goodwin, P.W.,and Anderson,E,J.,Punctuated aggradational cycles:Ageneral hypothesis of episodic stratigraphic accumulation.Geology, 1985,Vol.93, p.515.
Heller P. L,Paola C.Downstream changes in alluvial architecture: an exploration of controls on channel—stacking patterns.Jour, Sedimentary Research,1996, 66(2):297—306.
Henry W.Posamentier,Paul Weimer,Siliciclastic sequence stratigraphy and petroleum geology-where to from here AAPG Bulletin, 1993, 77(5), p731-742
Herbert, T. D. and Mayer, L.A., Long climatic time series from Sediment physical property measurements.Jour. Sediment.Petrol., 1991, Vol.61, No.7,
Aitken J. P. et al, High resolution sequence stratigraphy correlation.Geological Society Special Publication, 1996, No.104, P.1—9
Jervey M. T.Quantitative geological modeling of siliciclastic rock sequence and their seismic expression.
Wilgus C.K, ed. Sea-Level Changes:an Integrated Approach,Soc Econ Palaeontol Mineral Spec Pup., 1988,Vol. 42, p47-69
Jervey. M.T.,1988, Quantitative geological modeling of Siliciclasti c rock sequences and their seismic express: (in) Sea—level changes—an interated approach.SEPM Specia Publication NO.42.
Kauffman,E.G.,Elder, W.P.and Sageman,B.B.,1991. High-resolution correlation:a new tool in chronostratigraphy;in Einsele, G., Ricken, W. and Seilacher, A.(eds.), Cycles and Events in Stratigraphy: Springer Verlag, Berlin, p. 795-819.
Kominz,M.A.,Benvan, J.,McManus, J., and Bond, G.C.,Are cyclic sediments periodic?Gamma analysis and spectral analysis of Newark Supergroup lacustrine strata, in L. Watney,E. Franseen,C. Kendall, and W. Ross eds.,Sedimentary modeling:Computer simulations and methods for improved parameter definition: Kansas Geological Survey Bulletin 233, 1991, p. 231-252.
Lawrence, Dt.,Doyle, M. and Aigner,T., Stratigraphic simulation of Sedimentary basins:concepts and calibration:AAPG Bulletin,1991, Vol.74,No. 3, p.273—295
Miall, A. D.,Principles of Sedimentary Basin Analysis (Second Edition).Springer—Verlag,1990. P.265
Mitchum, R. M. and Van Wagoner, J.C.,High—frequency sequences and their stacking patterns: sequence—stratigrapic evidence of high—frequency eustatic cyeles.Sediment.Geol.,1991,Vol.70
OlSen T,Steel R et al,Sequence architecture in a Fluvial Succession:Sequence stratigraphy in the Upper Cretaceous Mesaverde Group,Prince Canyon,Utah,Journary of Sedimentary Research, B65(2):265—280
Plint A.G,Marine and nonmarine systerms tracts in fourth-order sequences in the Early-Middle Cenomainan Dunvegan Alloformation.northeastern British,Howell J.A. Aitken J. F., eds, High Resolution Sequence Stratigraphy:Innovations and Application.Geological Society Specical Publication, 1996, Vol.104, p159-192
Posamentier,H.W.,Allen, G.P.and James,D.P.,High resolution sequence stratigraphy—the east Coulee delta,Alberta.Jour. Sedimet. Petrol.,1992, Vol.62, No. 2
Posamentier, H. W.,Jervey, M. T.and Vail, P. R.,Eustatic controls on elastic deposition—conceptual framework. SEPM Special publication,1988, No.42.
Posamentier,H. W. and Vail, P.R.,Eustatic controls on clastic deposition Ⅱ— sequence and systems tract models. SEPM special publication,1988,No.42, p1416—1436.
Posamentier, H. W. and Vail, P.R.,Eustatic controls on clastic deposition Ⅰ— sequence and systems
tract.SEPM spocial publication,1988, No. 42, p126—148.
Steel R.J.,Felt V.L.,et al,Sequence Stratigraphy on the Northwest European Margin,
Read, J. F.,and Goldhammer,R.K., Use of Fischer plots to define 3rd—order sea level curves in peritidal cyclic Carbonates,Ordovician,Appalachians.Geology, 1988, Vol. 16, p. 895
Schluger,W.,Depositional bias and environmental change—important factors in sequence stratigraphy.Sediment Geology,1991,Vol.70, p109-130
Shanley K. W. Perspectives on the Sequence Stratigraphy of Continental Strata.AAPG,1994,78(4). P544-568
Sloss L. L.Sequence in oratonic interior of North America[J].Geological Society of American Bulletin, 1963, No. 74, p93-114.
Sloss L. L., Stratigraphic models in exploration[J].AAPG Bull,1962, No.46,p1050-1057
Sloss, L. L., 1949, Paleozoic stratigraphy in the Montana area,AAPG Bull, 34,423-451
Sloss, L. L., Forty years of sequence stratigraphy Geological society of America Bulletin,1988, Vol.100. p1661-1665
Stephen Flint,Simon Knight, and Andrew tilbrook, Application ofhigh resolution sequence stratigraphy to Northwest Hutton Field,Northern North Sea:Implicattons for Management of a Mature Brent Group Field. AAPG Bulletion,1998, Vol. 82, No. 7,
Tim Naish, Peter J. J Kamp,Sequence Stratigraphy of Sixth-order (41K.Y.) Pl iocene-Pleistocene Cyclothems,Wanganui Basin, NewZealand:A Case for the Regressive Systems Tract, Geological Society of America Bulletin, Aug.1997, Vol 109. No. 8
Tipper J C, Patterns of Stratigraphic Cyclicity.Journal of Sedimentary Research,Vol.70, No.6. November, 2000, p. 1262-1279
Vail P R, et al.1977. Seismic stratigraphy and global changes of sea level.AAPG. Memoir 26.
Vail P R, R. M.Mitchum Jr and S.Thompson Ⅲ,1977a.Seismic stratigraphy and global changes of sea level, Part 3:global cycles of relative changes of sea level. In C E Payton editor:Seismic Stratigraphy-Applications to Hydrocarbon Exiploation,AAPG Memoir 26,63-82
Vail P R,R.M. Mitchum Jr and S.Thompson Ⅲ,1977b.Seismic stratigraphy and globol changes of sea level, Part 4:global cycles of relative changes of sea level.In C E Payton editor:Seismic Stratigraphy-Applications to Hydrocarbon Exploration,AAPG Memoir 26,83-98
Vail P.R.and R.G. Todd, 1981.Northern North Sea Jurassic unconformities,chronostratigraphy and sea-level changes from seismic stratigraphy.In Petroleum Geology of the Continental Shelf of North-West Europe: Phila.,Pa., Heyden ad Son,Inc., p. 216-235
Vail P. R,Hardenbol J.and R. G.Todd, 1984.Jurassic unconformities,chronostratigraphy and sea-level changes from seismic stratigrphy and biostratigraphy.In Schlee.J S editor:Interregional Unconformities and Hydrocarbon Accumulation.AAPG Memoir 36,Also presented at:GCSSEPM Foundation Third Annual Resarch Conf.Proc., March, 1984
Vail P. R.and J Hardenbol,1979. Sea-level changes during the Tertiary:Oceans 22,77-79
Vail P. R.,1987. Seismic stratigraphy interpretation using sequence stratigraphy. Part 1:Seismic stratigraphy interpretation porcedure. In: Atlas of seismic stratigraphy (Ed. Bally A W) AAPG studies in Geology 27,1-10
Vail P. R., 1988. Sequence stratigraphy workbook,fundamentals of sequence stratigraphy. 1988. AAPG Annual Convention Short Course:Sequence Stratigraphy Interpretation of Seismic Well and Outcrop Data, pressented by P.R.Vail and J.B.Sangree,March 19, 1988, Houston, Texas.
Vail P. R., et al.1991. The stratigraphic signature of tectonics,eustasy and sedimentology-an overview.In Einsele et al eds:Cycles and events in stratigraphy. Springer-Verlag
Van Wagoner J. C., Mitchum R. M., et al. Silisiciclastic Sequence Stratigraphy in Well Logs,Cores, and Outcrops:Concepts for High-Resolution correlation of Time and Faces,AAPG Methods in Exploration Series,1990, p.55
Van Wagoner,J. C., Posamentier, H. W. et al.,An overview of fundamentals of sequence stratigraphy and key definitions.SEPM special publication, 1988, No. 42. p39-45,
Weimer,P., Sequence strattgraphy,facies geometries,and depositinal history of the Mississippi Fan,Gulf of Mextco,AAPG,1990, Vol.74, p420-453
Wheeler H. E. Base-level,lithesphere surfacee and time-stratigraphy[J].Geol. Soc.America Bull, 1964, No.75:p599-610
Xue Liangqing and Galloway WE,1993. Genetic sequence stratigraphic framework,depositional style,and hydrocarbon occurence of the Upper Cretaceous QYN Formations in Songliao Lacustrine Basin, Northeastern China.AAPG Bulletin 77,1792-1808
C．K．威尔格斯等编，徐怀大等译，层序地层学原理(海平面变化综合分析．石油工业出版社，1992
邓宏文，美国层序地层研究中的新学派一高分辨率层序地层学．石油天然气地质，1995，3(6)
邓宏文、王洪亮、李熙，层序地层地层基准面的识别对比技术及应用．石油与天然气地质，1996．9
杜春彦．郑荣才 陕北长6油层组短期基准面旋回与储层非均质性的关系，成都理工学院学报，1999，NO．1
樊太亮，刘金辉，徐怀大，池秋鄂等．新疆塔里木盆地北部应序地层学．北京，地质出版社，1997
樊太亮，徐怀大，池秋鄂等．新疆塔里木盆地北部应用层序地层学，地质出版社，1996
樊太亮等．层序地层学应用于陆相油藏预测的成功实例．石油学报，1999，20(2)：3
顾家裕等，层序地层学及其在油气勘探开发中的应用论文集，石油工业出版社，1997
纪友亮，张世奇．陆相断陷湖盆层序地层学，北京：石油工业出版社，1996
贾进华，前陆盆地层序地层学简介，地质科技情报，1995，14(1)
焦养泉等，陆相盆地露头储层地质建模研究与概念，石油实验地质，1998，20(4)
解习农．断陷盆地构造作用与层序样式，地质论评，1996，42(3)：398—412
李思田等．鄂尔多斯盆地东北部层序地层及沉积体系分析，北京：地质出版社，1992
林畅松，张海燕．高精度层序地层学和储层预测，地学前缘，2000，7(3)：111-117
刘宝珺．中国沉积学回顾与展望，矿物岩石，2001，21(3)：1—7
刘吉余等，流动单元的研究方法及其研究意义．大庆石油学院学报，1998，22(1)
罗立民．河湖沉积体系三维高分辨率层序地层学．北京：地质出版社．1999
钱奕中，陈洪德，刘文均．层学地层学理论与研究方法，成都：四川科技出版社，1994，p1-26
邬金华等，河相层序地层学研究进展，地质科技情报，1997，16(3)
徐怀大，如何推动我国层序地层学的迅速发展，石油与天然气地质，1997，18(2)
徐怀大．从地震地层学到层序地层学．北京：石油工业出版社．1997
许效松．层序地层学在油气勘查研究中的新思维，海相油气地质，1997，2(2)：16—21
薛良清，层序地层学研究现状、方法与前景，石油勘探与开发，1995，22(5)
薛良清编译，老油(气)田挖潜的概念与方法，国外油气勘探，1995，7(40)：7
尹太举等 依据高分辨率层序地层学进行剩余油分布预测，石油勘探与开发2001，No．4
曾允孚，覃建雄．沉积学发展现状与前瞻，成都理工学院学报，1999，26(1)：1—7
张昌民等，三角洲储层露头精细解剖(中国石油天然气总公司九五攻关课题)，江汉石油学院研究报告，2000
张尚锋，张昌民等．东濮凹陷濮城油田沙三上亚段地层基准面旋回变化过程中的储层流动单元分析，石油实验地质，2003(待刊)
张尚锋，王成善，黄思静等．东濮断陷型凹陷沙三上亚段地层充填样式及储集砂体发育规律，江汉石油学院学报，2003(待刊)
张尚锋，张昌民等．双河油田核三段Ⅱ油组内夹层分布规律、沉积与特提斯地质(原岩相古地理)，2000，20(4)
张尚锋，洪秀娥，郑荣才等．应用高分辨率层序底层学对储层流动单元层次性进行分析——以泌阳凹陷双河油田为例，成都理工大学学报，2002，29(2)
张运东，层序地层学研究现状及发展趋势，世界石油工业，2000，7(10)：14—17
郑荣才．彭军．吴朝容．陆相盆地基准面旋回的级次划分和研究意义，沉积学报2001，19(2)
郑荣才．吴朝容．叶茂才．浅谈陆相盆地高分辨率层序地层研究思路，成都理工学院学报，2000．27(3)．241—244
郑荣才，尹世民，彭军．基准面旋回结构与叠加样式的沉积动力学分析．沉积学报，2000，18(3)
朱筱敏等．21世纪层序地层学展望，世界石油工业，1999．9(1)：16—19