重庆市循环农业测度与农业面源污染负荷的关系
摘要
重庆市直辖10年来,农业生产有了飞速的发展,农村生活也有了很大的改善,但非持续发展、高消耗的农业生产与生活方式依然广泛存在,由此带来的农业资源环境问题积重难返,其中农业面源污染在相当长的时期内已成为制约农业循环经济发展的重要因素之一。治理农业面源污染,其核心是农业面源污染的区域分异控制,即根据影响农业面源污染的主导因子和区域农业面源污染特征的差异性和相似性对研究区域进行的分区,有重点、有区别地实施农业面源污染控制,提出以循环农业理念控制农村面源污染的新思路。
本文以重庆市39个区县(不包括渝中区)为对象,采用调查研究和系统分析的方法,构建重庆市农业面源污染的“压力指标体系”、“响应指标体系”以及循环农业的评价指标体系。在此基础上,采用现代数学方法,解析重庆市农业面源污染负荷,分析重庆市循环农业的区域测度。
通过对循环农业的发展度、协调度、障碍度的分析,提出以循环经济理念控制农村面源污染的新思路,并对循环农业的发展过程、基本理论以及循环农业在农村面源污染控制中的作用进行了规范认识和探讨,进一步研讨了重庆市循环农业测度与农业面源污染负荷的关系。
构建了重庆市循环农业的生产投入指标、资源循环利用指标、经济社会发展指标、生态系统安全指标、环境质量指标等5个一级指标及24个二级指标体系。在此基础上将重庆市循环农业的发展度、协调度和障碍度进行综合对比分析,发现一小时经济圈的循环农业属于良好型,东北翼、东南翼分别属于中等型和一般型。
重庆市农业面源污染引起的COD、BOD_5、TN、TP绝对排放量分别为60.13万、29.62万、16.22万和3.29万ta~(-1),相应的等标排放量分别为3.05万、7.54万、16.44万和16.71万ta~(-1)。农业面源污染负荷已超过城市工业与生活污染负荷。
重庆市因农业面源污染引起COD、BOD_5、TN、TP的排放浓度分别是20.72、10.64、5.58、1.27mg·L~(-1)。TN、TP均已达到严重污染,BOD_5达到轻度污染,COD显示为临界警戒水平。
重庆市农业面源污染的主要污染物是TP、TN,贡献率分别为38.20%和37.58%;主要污染源是畜禽养殖和化肥施用,贡献率分别为57.29%和26.98%;主要影响因子是农业总产值,贡献率达到99%以上。
基于国土等标排放系数的压力态势和水质指数的响应态势,确定重庆市农业面源污染严重的区域为沙坪坝区、大渡口区、合川区、永川区、荣昌县、铜梁县、璧山县、大足县等。
论文最后指出了今后进一步的研究方向,即结合小流域的定量化研究与模型模拟,进一步优化指标与修正参数,进而提高分析结果的可信程度。
Since Chongqing's directly jurisdiction of the Central Government for 10 years, agricultural production has developed rapidly; rural life has improved a lot also. But the agricultural production and living of non-sustainable development and the high consumption still widely existed, this brought serious agricultural environment problem which was difficult to solve, one of the important factors which restricting development of agriculture circular economic was agricultural non-point source pollution in a relative long time. To control the non-point source pollution of agriculture, exerting different control on different area is the key, scilicet, we should divide the region into different parts according to main factors which influence agricultural Non-point source pollution and otherness and comparability of characteristics of regional agricultural Non-point source pollution. Proposed the new idea, which uses idea of circular agriculture to control agricultural non-point source pollution.
The research which set 39 districts as research units except Yuzhong district in Chongqing has counted and analysed actuality of agricultural Non-point source pollution by establishing index system applying investigation and statistics. To establish "the pressure indicator system", "the response indicator system" of pollutants concentration in Chongqing and the evaluating indicator system of circulation-agriculture. Based on this, parsed the Non-point source pollution load in Chongqing. And analyzed the circulation agriculture measure by the modern mathematics method.Through to analysis discussion theThe development degree of circulatory-agriculture, The coordinating degree of circulatory-agriculture and The obstacle amounts of circulatory-agriculture in Chongqing, this paper has proposed a new idea of controlling countryside Non-point source pollution with circulatory-agriculture theory. It has also discussed about the development of circular economy, its basic theories and its function in controlling countryside non-point source of pollution. Deliberated the relations of circulation agriculture measure and the Non-point source pollution load in Chongqing.
To establish 6 first-level indexes systems such as the production devotion degree of agriculture, the resource Using degree, the economy economy development degree, the ecosystem security degree, the environment quality degree and so on and 24 second-level indicator systems. Based on this,
Through to analysis discussion the development degree of circulatory-agriculture, The coordinating degree of circulatory-agriculture and The obstacle amounts of circulatory-agriculture in Chongqing, we found that, the circulatory-agriculture of one hour economic cycle is best, the circulatory-agriculture of Northeast wing is middling, the circulatory-agriculture of southeast the wing is commonly.
The amount of COD, BOD_5, TN, TP which are the Agricultural Non-point pollution in Chongqing, respectively, are 601300, 296200, 162200 and 32900 t/a, and the Standards are respectively 30500, 75400, 164400 and 167100t/a. The Agricultural non-point source pollution load has surpassed the urban industry and the domestic pollution load. The main City serious pollution, and the northeast and southeast are middle pollution.
The concentration of COD, BOD_5, TN, and TP are respectively 20.72, 10.64, 5.58,1.27mg/L in Chongqing. TN, TP has achieved the serious pollution, BOD_5 achieves the milddle pollution, COD is demonstrated for the critical security level.
The main agricultural Non-point pollution is TP and TN in Chongqing, the contribution rate, respectively, is 38.20% and 37.58%; the major pollution source is breed aquatics and fertilizer. The contribution rate, respectively, is 57.29% and 26.98%; the main effect factor is the total agricultural output value, and the contribution rate is above 99%.
Based on soil pressure of sign absolute discharge and response of water pollution index , the serious region of the pollutants concentration in Chongqing are Shapingba area, the Dadukou area, the Yongchuan area, Rongchang County, Tongliang County, Bishan County, Dazu County and so on.
Further research direction in future was pointed out at end of the paper, scilicet combining quantitative research of small watershed and model simulation, optimizing index and modifying parameter and then the reliability of analysis results could be improved.
本文以重庆市39个区县(不包括渝中区)为对象,采用调查研究和系统分析的方法,构建重庆市农业面源污染的“压力指标体系”、“响应指标体系”以及循环农业的评价指标体系。在此基础上,采用现代数学方法,解析重庆市农业面源污染负荷,分析重庆市循环农业的区域测度。
通过对循环农业的发展度、协调度、障碍度的分析,提出以循环经济理念控制农村面源污染的新思路,并对循环农业的发展过程、基本理论以及循环农业在农村面源污染控制中的作用进行了规范认识和探讨,进一步研讨了重庆市循环农业测度与农业面源污染负荷的关系。
构建了重庆市循环农业的生产投入指标、资源循环利用指标、经济社会发展指标、生态系统安全指标、环境质量指标等5个一级指标及24个二级指标体系。在此基础上将重庆市循环农业的发展度、协调度和障碍度进行综合对比分析,发现一小时经济圈的循环农业属于良好型,东北翼、东南翼分别属于中等型和一般型。
重庆市农业面源污染引起的COD、BOD_5、TN、TP绝对排放量分别为60.13万、29.62万、16.22万和3.29万ta~(-1),相应的等标排放量分别为3.05万、7.54万、16.44万和16.71万ta~(-1)。农业面源污染负荷已超过城市工业与生活污染负荷。
重庆市因农业面源污染引起COD、BOD_5、TN、TP的排放浓度分别是20.72、10.64、5.58、1.27mg·L~(-1)。TN、TP均已达到严重污染,BOD_5达到轻度污染,COD显示为临界警戒水平。
重庆市农业面源污染的主要污染物是TP、TN,贡献率分别为38.20%和37.58%;主要污染源是畜禽养殖和化肥施用,贡献率分别为57.29%和26.98%;主要影响因子是农业总产值,贡献率达到99%以上。
基于国土等标排放系数的压力态势和水质指数的响应态势,确定重庆市农业面源污染严重的区域为沙坪坝区、大渡口区、合川区、永川区、荣昌县、铜梁县、璧山县、大足县等。
论文最后指出了今后进一步的研究方向,即结合小流域的定量化研究与模型模拟,进一步优化指标与修正参数,进而提高分析结果的可信程度。
Since Chongqing's directly jurisdiction of the Central Government for 10 years, agricultural production has developed rapidly; rural life has improved a lot also. But the agricultural production and living of non-sustainable development and the high consumption still widely existed, this brought serious agricultural environment problem which was difficult to solve, one of the important factors which restricting development of agriculture circular economic was agricultural non-point source pollution in a relative long time. To control the non-point source pollution of agriculture, exerting different control on different area is the key, scilicet, we should divide the region into different parts according to main factors which influence agricultural Non-point source pollution and otherness and comparability of characteristics of regional agricultural Non-point source pollution. Proposed the new idea, which uses idea of circular agriculture to control agricultural non-point source pollution.
The research which set 39 districts as research units except Yuzhong district in Chongqing has counted and analysed actuality of agricultural Non-point source pollution by establishing index system applying investigation and statistics. To establish "the pressure indicator system", "the response indicator system" of pollutants concentration in Chongqing and the evaluating indicator system of circulation-agriculture. Based on this, parsed the Non-point source pollution load in Chongqing. And analyzed the circulation agriculture measure by the modern mathematics method.Through to analysis discussion theThe development degree of circulatory-agriculture, The coordinating degree of circulatory-agriculture and The obstacle amounts of circulatory-agriculture in Chongqing, this paper has proposed a new idea of controlling countryside Non-point source pollution with circulatory-agriculture theory. It has also discussed about the development of circular economy, its basic theories and its function in controlling countryside non-point source of pollution. Deliberated the relations of circulation agriculture measure and the Non-point source pollution load in Chongqing.
To establish 6 first-level indexes systems such as the production devotion degree of agriculture, the resource Using degree, the economy economy development degree, the ecosystem security degree, the environment quality degree and so on and 24 second-level indicator systems. Based on this,
Through to analysis discussion the development degree of circulatory-agriculture, The coordinating degree of circulatory-agriculture and The obstacle amounts of circulatory-agriculture in Chongqing, we found that, the circulatory-agriculture of one hour economic cycle is best, the circulatory-agriculture of Northeast wing is middling, the circulatory-agriculture of southeast the wing is commonly.
The amount of COD, BOD_5, TN, TP which are the Agricultural Non-point pollution in Chongqing, respectively, are 601300, 296200, 162200 and 32900 t/a, and the Standards are respectively 30500, 75400, 164400 and 167100t/a. The Agricultural non-point source pollution load has surpassed the urban industry and the domestic pollution load. The main City serious pollution, and the northeast and southeast are middle pollution.
The concentration of COD, BOD_5, TN, and TP are respectively 20.72, 10.64, 5.58,1.27mg/L in Chongqing. TN, TP has achieved the serious pollution, BOD_5 achieves the milddle pollution, COD is demonstrated for the critical security level.
The main agricultural Non-point pollution is TP and TN in Chongqing, the contribution rate, respectively, is 38.20% and 37.58%; the major pollution source is breed aquatics and fertilizer. The contribution rate, respectively, is 57.29% and 26.98%; the main effect factor is the total agricultural output value, and the contribution rate is above 99%.
Based on soil pressure of sign absolute discharge and response of water pollution index , the serious region of the pollutants concentration in Chongqing are Shapingba area, the Dadukou area, the Yongchuan area, Rongchang County, Tongliang County, Bishan County, Dazu County and so on.
Further research direction in future was pointed out at end of the paper, scilicet combining quantitative research of small watershed and model simulation, optimizing index and modifying parameter and then the reliability of analysis results could be improved.
引文
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